All nutritional energy comes from the Sun: plants use chlorophyll to photosynthesize the Sun's energy into plant energy, and then animals either feed on plants for that energy or they feed on the animals that have eaten that plant energy. The food chain begins with the Sun and then the energy flows to producers.

Mass is the measurement of how much matter is in an object. The Law of Conservation of Matter says that matter stays the same, even when matter changes form. Sometimes it may seem that matter disappears during a science experiment, but this law tells us that matter cannot magically appear or disappear; it merely changes from one form to another. This means that the mass does not change. If I find the mass of a whole cookie and then break it up and put all of the pieces back on the scale, the mass will be the same because the matter has been conserved.

The fact that it is hard work to run or walk uphill but much easier to run downhill shows how gravity pulls things downward. If you are going downhill, gravity is working with you to help you get there, but if you're going uphill you have to work against gravity. Note that the heights of trees isn't really constrained by gravity but instead by the kind of tree, the nutrients it receives, and those things. The fact that big planes can fly also isn't good evidence for gravity; planes use advanced technology to counteract the force of gravity, or otherwise they'd be pulled down. And although the stars in the sky are affected by gravity in their own way, they're not good examples of how things are pulled downward by gravity since to us from our vantage point they're way up in the sky.

The diagram presented is a typical food chain showing how energy flows from one organism to another. This food chain starts with grass, and when it is eaten, it passes energy to the consumer; in this case, it is a caterpillar. When the caterpillar is eaten, its energy is given to the frog and so on until it reaches the final consumer, the osprey. The cycle starts over again when the osprey passes, and decomposers break down the matter. So the conclusion that can be made from this food chain is that the caterpillar transfers all of its energy to the frog.

The answer is Monica because she is moving more matter (tiny particles) into a balloon and even though we cannot see them, we can see how the balloon gets larger. Deontay is correct that he could keep breaking things apart, but he has a hypothesis and is not conducting an experiment or a demonstration. Celeste's project is about photosynthesis.

Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter is in the form of solid, liquid, or gas. Solids, liquids, and gases are made of tiny particles called atoms and molecules. In a solid, the particles are very attracted to each other. They are close together and vibrate in position but don’t move past one another. In a liquid, the particles are attracted to each other but not as much as they are in a solid. The particles of a liquid are close together, always moving, and can slide past one another. In a gas, the particles have very little attraction to each other. They are very far apart compared to the particles in a solid or liquid, and are constantly moving. The particles don’t interact with one another but just hit and bounce off of each other when they collide.

The answer is Monica because she is moving more matter (tiny particles) into a balloon and even though we cannot see them, we can see how the balloon gets larger. Deontay is correct that he could keep breaking things apart, but he has a hypothesis and is not conducting an experiment or a demonstration. Celeste's project is about photosynthesis.

Matter is anything that takes up space. Matter is in the form of solid, liquid, or gas. Solids, liquids, and gases are made of tiny particles called atoms and molecules. In a solid, the particles are very attracted to each other. They are close together and vibrate in position but don’t move past one another. In a liquid, the particles are attracted to each other but not as much as they are in a solid. The particles of a liquid are close together, always moving, and can slide past one another. In a gas, the particles have very little attraction to each other. They are very far apart compared to the particles in a solid or liquid, and are constantly moving. The particles don’t interact with one another but just hit and bounce off of each other when they collide.

Photosynthesis is the way in which plants convert the sun's energy into their own energy. And since animals get their energy from food, when an animal eats a plant it gets its plant-based energy indirectly from the sun, because that's how the plant itself got energy. Then when a carnivore eats a plant-eating animal, the carnivore gets energy from the herbivore, who got its energy from the plant, which got it from the sun. So even meat-eaters indirectly get their energy from the sun.

Gravity on earth pulls objects downward toward the ground. Rain is a good example: the clouds don't "throw" the rain to the ground, but instead, when there is so much water that it gets heavy for the cloud to hold, the water then falls to the ground because of gravity. In this example, the roots will grow downwards because of gravity. Geotropism is the influence of gravity on plant growth or movement. "Geo" means earth or ground, and "tropism" means a plant movement triggered by a stimulus. In this case, the stimulus is gravity. Roots explore the soil looking for water and nutrients to absorb.

The fact that it is hard work to run or walk uphill but much easier to run downhill shows how gravity pulls things downward. If you are going downhill, gravity is working with you to help you get there, but if you're going uphill you have to work against gravity. Note that the heights of trees isn't really constrained by gravity but instead by the kind of tree, the nutrients it receives, and those things. The fact that big planes can fly also isn't good evidence for gravity; planes use advanced technology to counteract the force of gravity, or otherwise they'd be pulled down. And although the stars in the sky are affected by gravity in their own way, they're not good examples of how things are pulled downward by gravity since to us from our vantage point they're way up in the sky.

A scientific model can be used a show scientists' understanding of an object, event, or process. Models can be used to generate new questions, used as a tool to support thinking, and models are tools that scientists can use to predict events.