Major research question: How has the rapid expansion of hydraulic fracturing in the Permian Basin reshaped long-term water security and regional governance in West Texas? Secondary questions:

• To what extent have produced-water recycling technologies reduced freshwater withdrawals relative to 2010 baselines?
• How have groundwater conservation districts coordinated data sharing and permitting across county lines since 2016?
• What role have drought cycles and climate projections played in infrastructure planning through 2040?
• How have fracking-related seismic events altered public perception compared to regulatory action?
• What are consumer attitudes toward bottled water in Austin?

Which revision of the major research question best incorporates insights from the most relevant complex secondary questions while maintaining clear focus and advanced researchability?

Major research question: In what ways has the formal recognition of Juneteenth as a state and federal holiday influenced the preservation, interpretation, and transmission of African American heritage across Texas communities? Secondary questions:

• How have museums and heritage organizations adjusted exhibits and outreach since state and federal recognition?
• What shifts have occurred in funding for community-based archives before and after federal designation?
• How do regional differences between urban centers (such as Houston and Dallas) and heritage sites like Galveston affect commemorative practices?
• What role have school curricula played in shaping youth participation and intergenerational knowledge transfer?
• How have nationwide holiday-themed merchandise sales changed?

Which revision of the major research question best incorporates insights from the most relevant complex secondary questions while maintaining clear focus and advanced researchability?

Major research question: How did the 1900 Galveston hurricane transform urban planning, economic networks, and coastal risk governance along the Texas Gulf Coast over the subsequent half-century? Secondary questions:

• How did the seawall and grade-raising affect mortality reduction, investment patterns, and neighborhood redevelopment between 1905 and 1935?
• In what ways did the Houston Ship Channel and changing rail logistics shift regional port dominance?
• How did insurance markets, bond financing, and state-federal agencies influence municipal decision-making?
• To what extent did tourism campaigns and real estate promotion reshape the island's post-disaster identity?
• How did oyster fishery yields fluctuate in unrelated inland markets?

Which revision of the major research question best incorporates insights from the most relevant complex secondary questions while maintaining clear focus and advanced researchability?

Major research question: What governance frameworks best balance ecological risk, public consent, and scientific innovation in the prospective deployment of CRISPR-based gene drives to control vector-borne diseases? Secondary questions:

• How do ecological modeling studies estimate spillover risks and the feasibility of reversibility mechanisms?
• What deliberative processes and consent models have communities used in field trials of modified mosquitoes?
• How do international biosafety agreements and national regulations interact to govern cross-border releases?
• What tools for post-release monitoring and rollback (such as self-limiting drives) are operationally viable?
• What are the capital costs of laboratory equipment at a single university?

Which revision of the major research question best incorporates insights from the most relevant complex secondary questions while maintaining clear focus and advanced researchability?

Major research question: How have successive oil booms shaped Texas's economic resilience and cultural identity from 1901 to the present? Complex secondary questions:

• Which policy responses to boom–bust cycles (severance taxes, stabilization funds) most affected long-term fiscal stability?
• How did internal migration and immigrant labor patterns differ across boom periods (Spindletop, 1970s, shale)?
• What environmental regulation milestones altered community perceptions of the industry?
• How did global market shocks (1973 embargo, 1986 crash, 2014 price drop) interact with local education and infrastructure funding?
• What role did oil philanthropy play in shaping arts and cultural institutions in cities like Houston and Midland?

Which revised major research question best incorporates insights from the most relevant secondary questions while maintaining clear focus and advanced researchability?

Major research question: How do urban heat island mitigation strategies balance thermal inequity, energy demand, and urban biodiversity in large U.S. cities? Complex secondary questions:

• How do cool roofs and expanded tree canopy compare in lowering peak summer land surface temperature in heat-burdened neighborhoods?
• What are the trade-offs for water use, maintenance costs, and habitat connectivity?
• How do policy adoption barriers differ across city districts (funding mechanisms, building codes, homeowner incentives)?
• How do heat mitigation strategies interact with ozone formation and air quality alerts?
• What measurement approaches (satellite LST vs. ground sensors) best capture neighborhood-level outcomes?

Which revised major research question best incorporates insights from the most relevant secondary questions while maintaining clear focus and advanced researchability?

Major research question: How can Texas border communities preserve Tejano musical heritage amid streaming-era shifts in production, distribution, and audience engagement? Complex secondary questions:

• What is the impact of local venues and festivals on sustaining intergenerational participation?
• How can analog recordings and oral histories be digitized and archived for community access?
• How do gentrification and venue displacement affect performance ecosystems?
• What policy tools and grants are most effective, and how do funding constraints shape outcomes?
• How do youth engagement patterns on social media influence local scene vitality?

Which revised major research question best incorporates insights from the most relevant secondary questions while maintaining clear focus and advanced researchability?

Major research question: How did the global adoption of social media platforms transform protest dynamics and state responses during the 2010s? Complex secondary questions:

• How did encrypted messaging and platform algorithm changes affect mobilization speed and network structure?
• In what ways did surveillance technologies and legal frameworks shape state countermeasures?
• How did diaspora networks and cross-border information flows amplify or dampen turnout?
• What metrics (network dispersion, arrest patterns, message virality) best capture outcomes?
• Which cases allow for meaningful comparison without overgeneralizing across contexts?

Which revised major research question best incorporates insights from the most relevant secondary questions while maintaining clear focus and advanced researchability?