Good morning. My research explores how screen time affects eighth graders' sleep quality. First, in a survey of 98 students, 71 percent reported using phones within 30 minutes of bedtime, and those students averaged 6.4 hours of sleep. Second, blue light exposure delays melatonin; a small trial I ran with light-filtering settings showed participants fell asleep about twenty minutes faster. Third, notifications keep brains alert. During a two-week log, nights with more than five alerts correlated with two extra wake-ups. Finally, students who set a consistent cutoff—9 p.m. or earlier—reported feeling more focused in class. My conclusion: limiting late-night screens and silencing notifications may improve sleep, but I recommend a larger sample and tracking for a full month to confirm. I welcome questions and suggestions.

Which question would best clarify the speaker's methods or extend their key points about sleep and screen use?

Today I'm presenting on how the 1900 Galveston hurricane reshaped local governance and urban planning. First, death toll estimates exceed 6,000, making it the deadliest U.S. natural disaster; city records show whole wards destroyed. Second, the commission form of government replaced the mayor-council system, concentrating decision-making for recovery; minutes from 1901 meetings document faster approvals. Third, engineers built a seawall and raised street grades; photographs and elevation maps indicate some areas lifted over four feet. Fourth, tourism and shipping gradually recovered, but Galveston never regained its pre-storm dominance, as Houston's port expanded inland. My takeaway: disasters can catalyze structural reforms. I recommend comparing tax records before and after 1900 to measure whether the commission model actually sped up infrastructure spending. I welcome questions about sources.

Which clarifying question best helps interpret the speaker's claims about governance changes after the 1900 Galveston hurricane?

Hello, my topic is food waste in our school cafeteria and how a share table might reduce it. First, during a five-day audit, we weighed leftovers and documented 86 pounds of unopened items, mostly milk and whole fruit. Second, interviews with staff showed health code concerns; however, district guidelines permit a monitored share table for sealed or unbitten items. Third, when a comparable middle school adopted one, their waste dropped 28 percent over six weeks, according to their custodial logs. Fourth, our survey of 120 students found 64 percent would use a share table to swap items they don't want. My proposal: pilot the table for one month, track daily weights, and review any nurse reports about food safety. Thanks for listening and thoughtful feedback.

Which question would best clarify how the proposed share table would work and strengthen understanding of the plan?

Hi, my research examines Rio Grande water rights and how drought allocation affects Texas farmers and cities. First, treaty agreements and state compacts divide flows among the U.S., Mexico, and irrigation districts; recent shortages triggered delivery disputes. Second, data from 2010–2023 show below-average snowpack in the headwaters, reducing spring runoff. Third, municipal demand in fast-growing border cities has risen, so utilities purchase or lease agricultural rights; El Paso's utility reports expanded conservation and desalination projects. Fourth, farmers adopting drip irrigation saved water but faced upfront costs; extension reports show yield stability in chili and cotton trials. My recommendation: compare per-acre allocations under different drought stages and model trade-offs between urban supply and farm income to inform fairer policies. I invite clarifying questions and constructive ideas.

Which clarifying question would best help you interpret the speaker's model of drought trade-offs and build on their recommendations?

Today I'm presenting our science club's research on heat around our campus. First, we mapped surface temperatures using an infrared thermometer at noon for two weeks, finding the blacktop averaged 122 degrees while the shaded lawn averaged 91. Second, we measured air temperature at chest height; the courtyard with three live oaks stayed four degrees cooler than the parking lot. Third, we tested a small intervention: placing two shade sails over benches dropped seat temperature by 15 degrees on sunny days. Finally, we recommend expanding tree canopy and using light-colored, permeable pavement to reduce heat and puddling. Our data are limited to fall months and school-day hours, so future measurements at different times and seasons would help confirm patterns and guide decisions for campus planners.

Which clarifying question would best help you interpret the speaker's recommendations and build on their findings?

My history project examines how Texas manages water during drought. First, I looked at the Colorado River basin, where city utilities and rice farmers downstream compete for releases from the Highland Lakes. Second, I read local water management plans showing that during severe drought, emergency orders can cut agricultural releases to protect municipal supply. Third, I interviewed a city councilmember, who explained how conservation ordinances—like watering schedules and tiered pricing—reduce demand. Finally, I compared 2011 drought data to 2023, finding per-person water use fell, but population growth keeps total demand high. I want to know whether newer agreements balance ecological needs for river flow with human uses. My sources include state agency reports, newspaper archives, and two oral histories from affected families in Central Texas.

Which question best clarifies the speaker's focus on balancing water uses and helps build meaningfully on their research?

For my media literacy presentation, I analyzed how teens in our school share news on social apps. First, a survey of 120 students showed 68 percent read headlines without opening links. Second, I traced a viral post about a local school policy to its original source; it turned out to be a year-old draft, not the final rule. Third, I tested three verification strategies: reverse image searches, checking dates, and comparing two reputable outlets. Reverse searches helped catch recycled photos twice. Finally, I suggest a three-step routine before reposting: read the full article, check the date, and verify with one additional source. Limitations include self-reported data and one-week sampling. Next, I want to try peer workshops to see if habits change over a longer period.

Which clarifying question would most effectively build on the speaker's next steps and help interpret their plan?

My science report explores wind energy growth in West Texas and its trade-offs. First, installed capacity in the region has increased, and turbines now supply a significant share of the state's electricity on windy nights. Second, I reviewed studies showing that spacing turbines and adjusting cut-in speeds can reduce bird and bat impacts. Third, transmission lines matter: new lines let remote wind farms send power to cities, but they face landowner concerns about routes. Finally, I modeled a school-sized scenario: replacing one old gas boiler with renewable electricity would cut our campus emissions and costs during off-peak hours. Limits include not analyzing maintenance downtime or extreme weather. Next steps are interviewing grid operators about reliability during heat waves and how storage could support wind generation.

Which clarifying question best helps you interpret the model and meaningfully extend the speaker's analysis?