Polar Equations of Conic Sections
Help Questions
Pre-Calculus › Polar Equations of Conic Sections
Given the polar equation, identify the conic section.
Ellipse
Parabola
Hyperbola
Explanation
Recall that the polar equations of conic sections can come in the following forms:
, where
is the eccentricity of the conic section.
To determine what conic section the polar graph depicts, look only at the conic section's eccentricity.
will give an ellipse.
will give a parabola.
will give a hyperbola.
First, put the given polar equation into one of the forms seen above by dividing everything by .
Now, for the given conic section, so it must be an ellipse.
Given the polar equation, identify the conic section.
Ellipse
Parabola
Hyperbola
Explanation
Recall that the polar equations of conic sections can come in the following forms:
, where
is the eccentricity of the conic section.
To determine what conic section the polar graph depicts, look only at the conic section's eccentricity.
will give an ellipse.
will give a parabola.
will give a hyperbola.
First, put the given polar equation into one of the forms seen above by dividing everything by .
Now, for the given conic section, so it must be an ellipse.
Given the polar equation, determine the conic section:
Parabola
Hyperbola
Ellipse
Explanation
Recall that the polar equations of conic sections can come in the following forms:
, where
is the eccentricity of the conic section.
To determine what conic section the polar graph depicts, look only at the conic section's eccentricity.
will give an ellipse.
will give a parabola.
will give a hyperbola.
First, put the given polar equation into one of the forms seen above by dividing everything by .
Now, for the given conic section, so it must be a parabola.
Given the polar equation, determine the conic section:
Parabola
Hyperbola
Ellipse
Explanation
Recall that the polar equations of conic sections can come in the following forms:
, where
is the eccentricity of the conic section.
To determine what conic section the polar graph depicts, look only at the conic section's eccentricity.
will give an ellipse.
will give a parabola.
will give a hyperbola.
First, put the given polar equation into one of the forms seen above by dividing everything by .
Now, for the given conic section, so it must be a parabola.
Write the equation for in polar form.
Explanation
This is the equation for a parabola, so the eccentricity is 1. It opens up, so the focus is above the directrix.
This means that our equation will be in the form
where a is the distance from the focus to the vertex.
In this case, we have , so
.
Because the vertex is , the focus is
so we can use the formula without adjusting anything.
The equation is
.
Write the equation for in polar form.
Explanation
This is the equation for a parabola, so the eccentricity is 1. It opens up, so the focus is above the directrix.
This means that our equation will be in the form
where a is the distance from the focus to the vertex.
In this case, we have , so
.
Because the vertex is , the focus is
so we can use the formula without adjusting anything.
The equation is
.
Write the equation for the hyperbola in polar form. Note that the rightmost focus is at the origin \[directrix is to the left\].
Explanation
The directrix is to the left of the focus at the origin, and the major axis is horizontal, so our equation is going to take the form
where e is the eccentricity. For a hyperbola specifically,
First we need to solve for c so we can find the eccentricity. For a hyperbola, we use the relationship where
is half the length of the minor axis and
is half the length of the major axis, in this case the horizontal one.
In this case, and
add 9 to both sides
take the square root
To find the eccentricity: so in this case
gives us
Plugging in e and p:
To simplify we can multiply top and bottom by 3:
Write the equation for the hyperbola in polar form. Note that the rightmost focus is at the origin \[directrix is to the left\].
Explanation
The directrix is to the left of the focus at the origin, and the major axis is horizontal, so our equation is going to take the form
where e is the eccentricity. For a hyperbola specifically,
First we need to solve for c so we can find the eccentricity. For a hyperbola, we use the relationship where
is half the length of the minor axis and
is half the length of the major axis, in this case the horizontal one.
In this case, and
add 9 to both sides
take the square root
To find the eccentricity: so in this case
gives us
Plugging in e and p:
To simplify we can multiply top and bottom by 3:
Write the equation for in polar form.
Explanation
This is the equation for a down-opening parabola. The vertex is at . We can figure out the location of the focus by solving
. This means that
, so the focus is at
.
Because the focus is at the origin, and the parabola opens down, the polar form of the equation is .
This equation is
.
Write the equation for in polar form.
Explanation
This is the equation for a down-opening parabola. The vertex is at . We can figure out the location of the focus by solving
. This means that
, so the focus is at
.
Because the focus is at the origin, and the parabola opens down, the polar form of the equation is .
This equation is
.