Viscosity and Flow Mechanics - Physical Chemistry
Card 1 of 16
An object is floating on water. Which of the following is true?
I. The object has a lower density than water
II. The buoyancy force would be higher if the object sank
III. The volume of fluid displaced would be higher if the object sank
An object is floating on water. Which of the following is true?
I. The object has a lower density than water
II. The buoyancy force would be higher if the object sank
III. The volume of fluid displaced would be higher if the object sank
Tap to reveal answer
Recall than an object floats on water if it has a lower density than water. A floating or submerged object in a liquid has a gravitational pull (downward force) equal to the buoyancy force (upward force). The force due to gravity (gravitational pull) depends only on the mass of the object. In this case, the object can never be submerged because the density of the solid cannot be changed (unless the phase of the object is changed). To submerge, the object has to be placed in a liquid with LOWER density.
The volume of fluid displaced depends on the volume occupied by the object in the liquid. When an object floats, only part of the object is inside the liquid. This means that only part of the object’s volume is occupied inside the liquid (lower volume of fluid displaced). If the object were to be submerged (in a different liquid), the entire volume of the object would be inside the liquid and there would be an increase in the volume of fluid displaced.
Recall than an object floats on water if it has a lower density than water. A floating or submerged object in a liquid has a gravitational pull (downward force) equal to the buoyancy force (upward force). The force due to gravity (gravitational pull) depends only on the mass of the object. In this case, the object can never be submerged because the density of the solid cannot be changed (unless the phase of the object is changed). To submerge, the object has to be placed in a liquid with LOWER density.
The volume of fluid displaced depends on the volume occupied by the object in the liquid. When an object floats, only part of the object is inside the liquid. This means that only part of the object’s volume is occupied inside the liquid (lower volume of fluid displaced). If the object were to be submerged (in a different liquid), the entire volume of the object would be inside the liquid and there would be an increase in the volume of fluid displaced.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
Fluid A and Fluid B flow through the same pipe. However, it is found that fluid A flows much slower than fluid B. What can you conclude about fluid A and fluid B?
Fluid A and Fluid B flow through the same pipe. However, it is found that fluid A flows much slower than fluid B. What can you conclude about fluid A and fluid B?
Tap to reveal answer
Viscosity is a measure of resistance to flow. A liquid with high viscosity is said to have strong forces between its layers, making it harder to flow whereas a liquid with low viscosity has weak forces between its layers, making it easier to flow. Viscosity is quantified by the coefficient of viscosity (higher the coefficient, higher the viscosity and higher the resistance to flow). The question states that fluid A has more trouble flowing; therefore, fluid A has higher coefficient of viscosity and stronger forces between layers.
Viscosity is a measure of resistance to flow. A liquid with high viscosity is said to have strong forces between its layers, making it harder to flow whereas a liquid with low viscosity has weak forces between its layers, making it easier to flow. Viscosity is quantified by the coefficient of viscosity (higher the coefficient, higher the viscosity and higher the resistance to flow). The question states that fluid A has more trouble flowing; therefore, fluid A has higher coefficient of viscosity and stronger forces between layers.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
According to Poiseuille’s principle, the flow rate as viscosity increases and the flow rate as length of pipe increases.
According to Poiseuille’s principle, the flow rate as viscosity increases and the flow rate as length of pipe increases.
Tap to reveal answer
Poiseuille’s principle quantifies the flow rate of a fluid through a pipe to numerous variables as follows.
where 
is the flow rate, 
is change in pressure, 
is radius, 
is viscosity, and 
is length. We can see that viscosity and length terms are in the denominator; therefore, flow rate and these two terms are inversely related. This means that increasing viscosity and/or length of pipe will decrease the flow rate (and vice versa). Note that the radius has the biggest exponential factor; therefore, altering radius of the pipe will contribute to the biggest change in flow rate.
Poiseuille’s principle quantifies the flow rate of a fluid through a pipe to numerous variables as follows.
where
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
One end of a pipe (End A) has twice the radius as the second end (End B). What can you conclude about the flow of fluid through this pipe?
One end of a pipe (End A) has twice the radius as the second end (End B). What can you conclude about the flow of fluid through this pipe?
Tap to reveal answer
To solve this question, we need to use the continuity equation and Bernoulli’s equation. The continuity equation is as follows:
where 
is flow rate, 
is velocity, and 
is the area. This equation states that that the flow rate of a fluid is the same, regardless of changes in velocity and area. The equation implies that as the area is increased (for example, 
) the velocity (
) decreases to maintain a constant flow rate and vice versa. The question states that End A has the larger radius; therefore, the velocity is lower at End A.
Bernoulli’s equation is as follows
where 
is pressure, 
is density, 
is velocity, 
is acceleration due to gravity, and 
is the height from ground. This equation implies that as velocity is increased on one side, the pressure decreases to compensate. Since we already determined that End B has the higher velocity, it will also have the lower pressure.
To solve this question, we need to use the continuity equation and Bernoulli’s equation. The continuity equation is as follows:
where
Bernoulli’s equation is as follows
where
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
An object is floating on water. Which of the following is true?
I. The object has a lower density than water
II. The buoyancy force would be higher if the object sank
III. The volume of fluid displaced would be higher if the object sank
An object is floating on water. Which of the following is true?
I. The object has a lower density than water
II. The buoyancy force would be higher if the object sank
III. The volume of fluid displaced would be higher if the object sank
Tap to reveal answer
Recall than an object floats on water if it has a lower density than water. A floating or submerged object in a liquid has a gravitational pull (downward force) equal to the buoyancy force (upward force). The force due to gravity (gravitational pull) depends only on the mass of the object. In this case, the object can never be submerged because the density of the solid cannot be changed (unless the phase of the object is changed). To submerge, the object has to be placed in a liquid with LOWER density.
The volume of fluid displaced depends on the volume occupied by the object in the liquid. When an object floats, only part of the object is inside the liquid. This means that only part of the object’s volume is occupied inside the liquid (lower volume of fluid displaced). If the object were to be submerged (in a different liquid), the entire volume of the object would be inside the liquid and there would be an increase in the volume of fluid displaced.
Recall than an object floats on water if it has a lower density than water. A floating or submerged object in a liquid has a gravitational pull (downward force) equal to the buoyancy force (upward force). The force due to gravity (gravitational pull) depends only on the mass of the object. In this case, the object can never be submerged because the density of the solid cannot be changed (unless the phase of the object is changed). To submerge, the object has to be placed in a liquid with LOWER density.
The volume of fluid displaced depends on the volume occupied by the object in the liquid. When an object floats, only part of the object is inside the liquid. This means that only part of the object’s volume is occupied inside the liquid (lower volume of fluid displaced). If the object were to be submerged (in a different liquid), the entire volume of the object would be inside the liquid and there would be an increase in the volume of fluid displaced.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
Fluid A and Fluid B flow through the same pipe. However, it is found that fluid A flows much slower than fluid B. What can you conclude about fluid A and fluid B?
Fluid A and Fluid B flow through the same pipe. However, it is found that fluid A flows much slower than fluid B. What can you conclude about fluid A and fluid B?
Tap to reveal answer
Viscosity is a measure of resistance to flow. A liquid with high viscosity is said to have strong forces between its layers, making it harder to flow whereas a liquid with low viscosity has weak forces between its layers, making it easier to flow. Viscosity is quantified by the coefficient of viscosity (higher the coefficient, higher the viscosity and higher the resistance to flow). The question states that fluid A has more trouble flowing; therefore, fluid A has higher coefficient of viscosity and stronger forces between layers.
Viscosity is a measure of resistance to flow. A liquid with high viscosity is said to have strong forces between its layers, making it harder to flow whereas a liquid with low viscosity has weak forces between its layers, making it easier to flow. Viscosity is quantified by the coefficient of viscosity (higher the coefficient, higher the viscosity and higher the resistance to flow). The question states that fluid A has more trouble flowing; therefore, fluid A has higher coefficient of viscosity and stronger forces between layers.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
According to Poiseuille’s principle, the flow rate as viscosity increases and the flow rate as length of pipe increases.
According to Poiseuille’s principle, the flow rate as viscosity increases and the flow rate as length of pipe increases.
Tap to reveal answer
Poiseuille’s principle quantifies the flow rate of a fluid through a pipe to numerous variables as follows.
where is the flow rate, is change in pressure, is radius, is viscosity, and is length. We can see that viscosity and length terms are in the denominator; therefore, flow rate and these two terms are inversely related. This means that increasing viscosity and/or length of pipe will decrease the flow rate (and vice versa). Note that the radius has the biggest exponential factor; therefore, altering radius of the pipe will contribute to the biggest change in flow rate.
Poiseuille’s principle quantifies the flow rate of a fluid through a pipe to numerous variables as follows.
where
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
One end of a pipe (End A) has twice the radius as the second end (End B). What can you conclude about the flow of fluid through this pipe?
One end of a pipe (End A) has twice the radius as the second end (End B). What can you conclude about the flow of fluid through this pipe?
Tap to reveal answer
To solve this question, we need to use the continuity equation and Bernoulli’s equation. The continuity equation is as follows:
where is flow rate, is velocity, and is the area. This equation states that that the flow rate of a fluid is the same, regardless of changes in velocity and area. The equation implies that as the area is increased (for example, ) the velocity () decreases to maintain a constant flow rate and vice versa. The question states that End A has the larger radius; therefore, the velocity is lower at End A.
Bernoulli’s equation is as follows
where is pressure, is density, is velocity, is acceleration due to gravity, and is the height from ground. This equation implies that as velocity is increased on one side, the pressure decreases to compensate. Since we already determined that End B has the higher velocity, it will also have the lower pressure.
To solve this question, we need to use the continuity equation and Bernoulli’s equation. The continuity equation is as follows:
where
Bernoulli’s equation is as follows
where
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
An object is floating on water. Which of the following is true?
I. The object has a lower density than water
II. The buoyancy force would be higher if the object sank
III. The volume of fluid displaced would be higher if the object sank
An object is floating on water. Which of the following is true?
I. The object has a lower density than water
II. The buoyancy force would be higher if the object sank
III. The volume of fluid displaced would be higher if the object sank
Tap to reveal answer
Recall than an object floats on water if it has a lower density than water. A floating or submerged object in a liquid has a gravitational pull (downward force) equal to the buoyancy force (upward force). The force due to gravity (gravitational pull) depends only on the mass of the object. In this case, the object can never be submerged because the density of the solid cannot be changed (unless the phase of the object is changed). To submerge, the object has to be placed in a liquid with LOWER density.
The volume of fluid displaced depends on the volume occupied by the object in the liquid. When an object floats, only part of the object is inside the liquid. This means that only part of the object’s volume is occupied inside the liquid (lower volume of fluid displaced). If the object were to be submerged (in a different liquid), the entire volume of the object would be inside the liquid and there would be an increase in the volume of fluid displaced.
Recall than an object floats on water if it has a lower density than water. A floating or submerged object in a liquid has a gravitational pull (downward force) equal to the buoyancy force (upward force). The force due to gravity (gravitational pull) depends only on the mass of the object. In this case, the object can never be submerged because the density of the solid cannot be changed (unless the phase of the object is changed). To submerge, the object has to be placed in a liquid with LOWER density.
The volume of fluid displaced depends on the volume occupied by the object in the liquid. When an object floats, only part of the object is inside the liquid. This means that only part of the object’s volume is occupied inside the liquid (lower volume of fluid displaced). If the object were to be submerged (in a different liquid), the entire volume of the object would be inside the liquid and there would be an increase in the volume of fluid displaced.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
Fluid A and Fluid B flow through the same pipe. However, it is found that fluid A flows much slower than fluid B. What can you conclude about fluid A and fluid B?
Fluid A and Fluid B flow through the same pipe. However, it is found that fluid A flows much slower than fluid B. What can you conclude about fluid A and fluid B?
Tap to reveal answer
Viscosity is a measure of resistance to flow. A liquid with high viscosity is said to have strong forces between its layers, making it harder to flow whereas a liquid with low viscosity has weak forces between its layers, making it easier to flow. Viscosity is quantified by the coefficient of viscosity (higher the coefficient, higher the viscosity and higher the resistance to flow). The question states that fluid A has more trouble flowing; therefore, fluid A has higher coefficient of viscosity and stronger forces between layers.
Viscosity is a measure of resistance to flow. A liquid with high viscosity is said to have strong forces between its layers, making it harder to flow whereas a liquid with low viscosity has weak forces between its layers, making it easier to flow. Viscosity is quantified by the coefficient of viscosity (higher the coefficient, higher the viscosity and higher the resistance to flow). The question states that fluid A has more trouble flowing; therefore, fluid A has higher coefficient of viscosity and stronger forces between layers.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
According to Poiseuille’s principle, the flow rate as viscosity increases and the flow rate as length of pipe increases.
According to Poiseuille’s principle, the flow rate as viscosity increases and the flow rate as length of pipe increases.
Tap to reveal answer
Poiseuille’s principle quantifies the flow rate of a fluid through a pipe to numerous variables as follows.
where is the flow rate, is change in pressure, is radius, is viscosity, and is length. We can see that viscosity and length terms are in the denominator; therefore, flow rate and these two terms are inversely related. This means that increasing viscosity and/or length of pipe will decrease the flow rate (and vice versa). Note that the radius has the biggest exponential factor; therefore, altering radius of the pipe will contribute to the biggest change in flow rate.
Poiseuille’s principle quantifies the flow rate of a fluid through a pipe to numerous variables as follows.
where
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
One end of a pipe (End A) has twice the radius as the second end (End B). What can you conclude about the flow of fluid through this pipe?
One end of a pipe (End A) has twice the radius as the second end (End B). What can you conclude about the flow of fluid through this pipe?
Tap to reveal answer
To solve this question, we need to use the continuity equation and Bernoulli’s equation. The continuity equation is as follows:
where is flow rate, is velocity, and is the area. This equation states that that the flow rate of a fluid is the same, regardless of changes in velocity and area. The equation implies that as the area is increased (for example, ) the velocity () decreases to maintain a constant flow rate and vice versa. The question states that End A has the larger radius; therefore, the velocity is lower at End A.
Bernoulli’s equation is as follows
where is pressure, is density, is velocity, is acceleration due to gravity, and is the height from ground. This equation implies that as velocity is increased on one side, the pressure decreases to compensate. Since we already determined that End B has the higher velocity, it will also have the lower pressure.
To solve this question, we need to use the continuity equation and Bernoulli’s equation. The continuity equation is as follows:
where
Bernoulli’s equation is as follows
where
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
An object is floating on water. Which of the following is true?
I. The object has a lower density than water
II. The buoyancy force would be higher if the object sank
III. The volume of fluid displaced would be higher if the object sank
An object is floating on water. Which of the following is true?
I. The object has a lower density than water
II. The buoyancy force would be higher if the object sank
III. The volume of fluid displaced would be higher if the object sank
Tap to reveal answer
Recall than an object floats on water if it has a lower density than water. A floating or submerged object in a liquid has a gravitational pull (downward force) equal to the buoyancy force (upward force). The force due to gravity (gravitational pull) depends only on the mass of the object. In this case, the object can never be submerged because the density of the solid cannot be changed (unless the phase of the object is changed). To submerge, the object has to be placed in a liquid with LOWER density.
The volume of fluid displaced depends on the volume occupied by the object in the liquid. When an object floats, only part of the object is inside the liquid. This means that only part of the object’s volume is occupied inside the liquid (lower volume of fluid displaced). If the object were to be submerged (in a different liquid), the entire volume of the object would be inside the liquid and there would be an increase in the volume of fluid displaced.
Recall than an object floats on water if it has a lower density than water. A floating or submerged object in a liquid has a gravitational pull (downward force) equal to the buoyancy force (upward force). The force due to gravity (gravitational pull) depends only on the mass of the object. In this case, the object can never be submerged because the density of the solid cannot be changed (unless the phase of the object is changed). To submerge, the object has to be placed in a liquid with LOWER density.
The volume of fluid displaced depends on the volume occupied by the object in the liquid. When an object floats, only part of the object is inside the liquid. This means that only part of the object’s volume is occupied inside the liquid (lower volume of fluid displaced). If the object were to be submerged (in a different liquid), the entire volume of the object would be inside the liquid and there would be an increase in the volume of fluid displaced.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
Fluid A and Fluid B flow through the same pipe. However, it is found that fluid A flows much slower than fluid B. What can you conclude about fluid A and fluid B?
Fluid A and Fluid B flow through the same pipe. However, it is found that fluid A flows much slower than fluid B. What can you conclude about fluid A and fluid B?
Tap to reveal answer
Viscosity is a measure of resistance to flow. A liquid with high viscosity is said to have strong forces between its layers, making it harder to flow whereas a liquid with low viscosity has weak forces between its layers, making it easier to flow. Viscosity is quantified by the coefficient of viscosity (higher the coefficient, higher the viscosity and higher the resistance to flow). The question states that fluid A has more trouble flowing; therefore, fluid A has higher coefficient of viscosity and stronger forces between layers.
Viscosity is a measure of resistance to flow. A liquid with high viscosity is said to have strong forces between its layers, making it harder to flow whereas a liquid with low viscosity has weak forces between its layers, making it easier to flow. Viscosity is quantified by the coefficient of viscosity (higher the coefficient, higher the viscosity and higher the resistance to flow). The question states that fluid A has more trouble flowing; therefore, fluid A has higher coefficient of viscosity and stronger forces between layers.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
According to Poiseuille’s principle, the flow rate as viscosity increases and the flow rate as length of pipe increases.
According to Poiseuille’s principle, the flow rate as viscosity increases and the flow rate as length of pipe increases.
Tap to reveal answer
Poiseuille’s principle quantifies the flow rate of a fluid through a pipe to numerous variables as follows.
where is the flow rate, is change in pressure, is radius, is viscosity, and is length. We can see that viscosity and length terms are in the denominator; therefore, flow rate and these two terms are inversely related. This means that increasing viscosity and/or length of pipe will decrease the flow rate (and vice versa). Note that the radius has the biggest exponential factor; therefore, altering radius of the pipe will contribute to the biggest change in flow rate.
Poiseuille’s principle quantifies the flow rate of a fluid through a pipe to numerous variables as follows.
where
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
One end of a pipe (End A) has twice the radius as the second end (End B). What can you conclude about the flow of fluid through this pipe?
One end of a pipe (End A) has twice the radius as the second end (End B). What can you conclude about the flow of fluid through this pipe?
Tap to reveal answer
To solve this question, we need to use the continuity equation and Bernoulli’s equation. The continuity equation is as follows:
where is flow rate, is velocity, and is the area. This equation states that that the flow rate of a fluid is the same, regardless of changes in velocity and area. The equation implies that as the area is increased (for example, ) the velocity () decreases to maintain a constant flow rate and vice versa. The question states that End A has the larger radius; therefore, the velocity is lower at End A.
Bernoulli’s equation is as follows
where is pressure, is density, is velocity, is acceleration due to gravity, and is the height from ground. This equation implies that as velocity is increased on one side, the pressure decreases to compensate. Since we already determined that End B has the higher velocity, it will also have the lower pressure.
To solve this question, we need to use the continuity equation and Bernoulli’s equation. The continuity equation is as follows:
where
Bernoulli’s equation is as follows
where
← Didn't Know|Knew It →