Suicide Risk Assessment And Safety Planning
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NCLEX-RN › Suicide Risk Assessment And Safety Planning
In a behavioral health unit, a 19-year-old client admitted for suicidal ideation after failing college courses has a history of depression and migraines; no psychosis is noted. The client is calm but states, "I’ve been thinking about taking all my migraine pills," and reports they have the medication at home. The nurse collaborates with the client to develop a safety plan prior to discharge. The nurse should QUESTION which part of the client's safety plan?
“I will use coping strategies like taking a walk and listening to music before I isolate.”
“I will ask my roommate to store my medications and dispense only the daily dose.”
“If suicidal thoughts increase, I will call the 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline or go to the nearest emergency department.”
“I will keep my migraine pills in my room so I can manage headaches quickly.”
Explanation
This question tests suicide risk assessment and safety planning skills. The priority concern is preventing access to lethal means, as the client has explicitly stated thoughts of overdosing on migraine pills. The statement about keeping migraine pills in their room for quick access (Option A) should be questioned because it maintains easy access to a potential means of suicide that the client has already identified. Calling crisis resources when thoughts increase (Option B), having a roommate control medications (Option C), and using coping strategies before isolating (Option D) are all appropriate safety plan components that reduce risk. The decision-making principle is that effective safety planning must include restricting access to identified lethal means, especially those specifically mentioned by the client. A transferable strategy is to review safety plans for any elements that could increase risk, particularly ensuring that access to potential means of self-harm is restricted or eliminated.
At a community mental health clinic, a 30-year-old client with postpartum depression (6 weeks after delivery) and hypothyroidism reports poor sleep, guilt, and feeling overwhelmed. The client has a history of anxiety but no prior attempts; today they appear disheveled, avoid eye contact, and state, "Sometimes I think my baby would be safer without me." Which finding requires IMMEDIATE intervention by the nurse?
The client reports decreased appetite and a 5-pound weight loss since delivery
The client states they have intrusive thoughts of harming the baby and are afraid to be alone with the infant
The client reports sleeping 3 to 4 hours per night due to infant care demands
The client reports feeling guilty about not enjoying motherhood as expected
Explanation
This question tests suicide risk assessment and safety planning skills. The priority concern is immediate safety for both the client and infant, as intrusive thoughts of harming the baby indicate potential risk for infanticide and/or suicide. The client's statement about having intrusive thoughts of harming the baby and fear of being alone with the infant (Option B) requires immediate intervention because it represents acute danger to the infant and suggests severe postpartum depression or psychosis. Sleep deprivation (Option A), decreased appetite/weight loss (Option C), and guilt about not enjoying motherhood (Option D) are concerning symptoms of postpartum depression but don't indicate immediate danger to self or others. The decision-making principle is that any expression of thoughts about harming self or others, especially vulnerable individuals like infants, requires immediate protective action. A transferable strategy is to recognize that postpartum mood disorders can present with thoughts of harming the baby, which always warrant immediate intervention including separation if necessary and urgent psychiatric evaluation.
A 22-year-old client in a university health clinic discloses suicidal ideation after a sexual assault 2 months ago. History includes depression; the client is tearful, hypervigilant, and reports keeping a bottle of prescription pain pills “just in case.” The nurse assists with a safety plan. The nurse should QUESTION which part of the safety plan?
“I will keep the pills in my room so I can control them and not bother anyone.”
“I will contact the campus crisis line or 988 if thoughts get stronger.”
“I will identify warning signs like not sleeping and isolating, and I will tell someone.”
“I will ask my roommate to help me lock up medications and limit my access.”
Explanation
This question tests suicide risk assessment and safety planning. The priority concern is the client's immediate safety with suicidal ideation, access to pills, and trauma history increasing vulnerability. The nurse should question keeping pills in the room for control as it maintains access to lethal means, heightening risk of impulsive acts. Identifying warning signs, contacting crisis lines, or locking up medications are appropriate for promoting safety and support. In suicide prevention, safety plans must emphasize means restriction to reduce opportunity for harm. Avoiding self-management of lethal items is key. A transferable strategy is to ensure safety plans include third-party involvement in securing means, especially post-trauma.
A 18-year-old client is in an outpatient clinic after being suspended from school for fighting. Psychosocial history includes family conflict and recent breakup; medical history includes attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder treated in childhood. The client appears angry, has pressured speech, and states, “I’m going to make them sorry—maybe I’ll just end it all.” What is the nurse's PRIORITY assessment when evaluating suicide risk?
Assess the client’s history of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms
Assess the client’s academic performance and need for tutoring support
Assess the client’s access to weapons or other lethal means and whether there is a specific plan or intent to self-harm
Assess the client’s dietary intake and caffeine use
Explanation
This question tests suicide risk assessment and safety planning. The priority concern is the client's immediate safety with anger, suspension, and a statement about ending it all, suggesting ideation. Assessing access to weapons or lethal means and if there is a specific plan or intent is the most effective for determining risk level. Assessing academic performance, ADHD history, or dietary intake are less effective, addressing background without suicide focus. In suicide prevention, lethality assessment is key in agitated youth with threats. This guides interventions. A transferable strategy is to evaluate means access in adolescents with behavioral issues and suicidal statements.
A 26-year-old postpartum client is seen in an obstetric clinic 4 weeks after delivery. Psychosocial history includes limited support and recent move; medical history includes anemia. The client appears tearful, reports feeling worthless, and states, “My baby would be better off without me.” Which action should the nurse take FIRST to ensure client safety?
Request a provider order for antidepressant medication
Teach infant care strategies to reduce stress and improve bonding
Screen for suicidal thoughts, plan, intent, and ability to keep self and baby safe, and do not leave the client alone if risk is present
Provide education about normal postpartum mood changes and reassure the client
Explanation
This question tests suicide risk assessment and safety planning. The priority concern is the immediate safety of both the client and baby given postpartum tearfulness, worthlessness, and a statement implying suicidal ideation. Screening for suicidal thoughts, plan, intent, and ability to keep self and baby safe, without leaving alone if risk is present, is the most effective to prevent harm. Providing education on mood changes, teaching infant care, or requesting medication are less effective as they do not address potential acute suicide or infanticide risk. In suicide prevention, postpartum clients require dual safety assessment for self and infant. This involves constant supervision if indicated. A transferable strategy is to integrate suicide screening into postpartum visits, escalating for any harm-related statements.
A 55-year-old client is seen at a community clinic for depression and chronic pain. Psychosocial history includes recent retirement and increased isolation; medical history includes long-term opioid therapy. The client has a depressed mood and states, “I’ve been thinking about taking all my pills.” Which finding requires IMMEDIATE intervention by the nurse?
States having counted the pills at home and planning to take them tonight
Reports constipation and nausea related to opioid use
Reports pain is worse in the evenings and interferes with sleep
Expresses frustration that family members do not understand the pain
Explanation
This question tests suicide risk assessment and safety planning. The priority concern is the client's immediate safety with depression, isolation, and thoughts of taking pills, especially on opioid therapy. Stating having counted pills and planning to take them tonight requires immediate intervention as it specifies high-lethality intent and timing. Reports of constipation, evening pain, or family frustration are less critical, relating to symptoms without imminent plan. In suicide prevention, detailed plans demand urgent response like hospitalization. This prevents completion. A transferable strategy is to prioritize intervention when clients disclose specific timing for suicide attempts involving medications.
A 28-year-old client is seen in a community clinic for follow-up after hospitalization for a suicide attempt 1 month ago. Psychosocial history includes ongoing relationship conflict and unemployment; medical history includes depression treated with a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor. The client’s mood is depressed, and the client admits missing therapy appointments and says, “I still have the rope in my closet.” Which finding requires IMMEDIATE intervention by the nurse?
States continued access to a previously identified lethal means and ongoing depressive symptoms
Reports difficulty finding transportation to therapy appointments
Reports medication side effects of mild nausea and headache
States feeling embarrassed about the prior hospitalization
Explanation
This question tests suicide risk assessment and safety planning in a client with a recent history of a suicide attempt. The priority concern is ensuring client safety by identifying immediate risk factors such as access to lethal means and persistent depressive symptoms. The finding in option B requires immediate intervention because continued access to a previously identified lethal means, like the rope mentioned, combined with ongoing depression, indicates a high and imminent risk for another suicide attempt, necessitating urgent safety planning such as removal of the means or hospitalization. Options A, C, and D are less critical: mild medication side effects (A) can be managed routinely without immediate threat; transportation difficulties (C) affect follow-up but do not pose acute danger; and embarrassment about hospitalization (D) is a common emotional response that can be addressed through supportive counseling but does not signal immediate risk. In suicide prevention, nurses must prioritize assessing for specific, accessible means of self-harm and ongoing intent or ideation as key indicators of imminent danger. Effective decision-making involves collaborating with the client to develop a safety plan that includes restricting access to lethal means and ensuring immediate support resources. A transferable strategy for assessing and planning for suicide risk is to routinely screen for access to lethal means, depressive symptoms, and barriers to treatment, then implement individualized interventions like means restriction and crisis contacts to mitigate risk.
A 62-year-old client is admitted to a medical-surgical unit for gastrointestinal bleeding. Psychosocial history includes recent diagnosis of cirrhosis related to alcohol use and estrangement from family; the client is withdrawn and states, “I don’t want to wake up.” Which action should the nurse take FIRST to ensure client safety?
Encourage the client to discuss feelings with family members to rebuild support
Initiate suicide precautions per facility policy and assess for suicidal ideation, plan, intent, and access to means in the hospital
Provide education about cirrhosis management and alcohol cessation resources
Request an order for a psychiatric consultation and antidepressant medication
Explanation
This question tests suicide risk assessment and safety planning. The priority concern is the client's immediate safety on a medical unit with withdrawal and a statement about not wanting to wake up, indicating ideation. Initiating suicide precautions per policy and assessing for ideation, plan, intent, and access in the hospital is the most effective for protection. Requesting consult and medication, encouraging family discussion, or providing education are less effective as they do not ensure immediate supervision. In suicide prevention, precautions are essential in non-psychiatric settings with risk. This includes environmental safety. A transferable strategy is to apply suicide protocols in medical admissions when ideation is expressed, regardless of primary diagnosis.
A 70-year-old client is seen in a community clinic after the death of a longtime partner. Medical history includes chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and chronic pain; psychosocial history includes limited family contact. The client has a depressed mood, slowed speech, and states, “I’ve been saving my pills.” What is the nurse's PRIORITY assessment when evaluating suicide risk?
Assess oxygen use and shortness of breath with activity
Assess the client’s nutrition and hydration habits since the loss
Assess the client’s grief stage and need for bereavement counseling
Ask how many pills have been saved, whether the client has a plan to use them, and when the client intends to act
Explanation
This question tests suicide risk assessment and safety planning. The priority concern is the client's immediate safety given depression, isolation, and the statement about saving pills, suggesting potential overdose intent. Asking how many pills have been saved, if there is a plan, and when the client intends to act is the most effective as it quantifies risk and urgency. Assessing grief, oxygen use, or nutrition are less effective, focusing on secondary issues without addressing the implied suicidal plan. In suicide prevention, detailed inquiry into means and timing is essential for high-risk clients. This guides immediate protective actions. A transferable strategy is to probe specifics of hoarding behaviors in older adults with chronic illness and loss.
A 31-year-old client is in the emergency department after a motor vehicle crash with minor injuries. Psychosocial history includes recent arrest for driving under the influence and separation from a partner; the client is tearful, irritable, and says, “I wish I had died in that crash.” Which action should the nurse take FIRST to ensure client safety?
Ask the client directly about suicidal thoughts, plan, intent, and access to means while maintaining a safe environment
Encourage the client to focus on physical recovery and follow up with primary care
Notify the provider and request a psychiatric consult before speaking further with the client
Discuss substance use treatment programs and provide referral information
Explanation
This question tests suicide risk assessment and safety planning. The priority concern is the client's immediate safety after a crash, with a wish for death amid legal and relational stressors. Asking directly about suicidal thoughts, plan, intent, and access to means while maintaining a safe environment is the most effective to evaluate and mitigate risk. Notifying for consult, discussing treatment programs, or encouraging physical recovery are less effective as they delay or bypass direct assessment. In suicide prevention, explicit screening is the first step in trauma settings with suicidal statements. This ensures timely safety. A transferable strategy is to conduct suicide assessments in emergency care for clients expressing death wishes post-incident.