Acute Stroke: Priority Actions And Care

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NCLEX-RN › Acute Stroke: Priority Actions And Care

Questions 1 - 10
1

A 64-year-old client with type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and smoking history arrives to the emergency department 90 minutes after sudden onset of right leg weakness and difficulty speaking. Assessment: BP 178/94 mmHg, HR 96/min, RR 18/min, SpO2 95% on room air; blood glucose 42 mg/dL (normal 70–110). Which intervention should the nurse implement FIRST?

Administer aspirin after confirming the client can swallow safely

Administer intravenous dextrose per hypoglycemia protocol and reassess neurologic status

Prepare the client for immediate noncontrast head computed tomography

Obtain a detailed last-known-well time from family and document

Explanation

This question tests prioritization and clinical judgment in acute stroke care. The priority framework uses ABCs and addresses reversible causes like hypoglycemia mimicking stroke. Administering intravenous dextrose per protocol and reassessing is the highest priority based on guidelines to correct hypoglycemia before further evaluation. Preparing for CT assumes stroke without ruling out mimics; aspirin is contraindicated until hemorrhage is excluded; obtaining last known well is important but secondary to treating low glucose. The decision-making principle is to treat hypoglycemia immediately as it can resolve symptoms. Guidelines mandate glucose check and correction in all suspected strokes. A transferable strategy is to always screen and correct metabolic abnormalities first in acute neuro presentations.

2

A 70-year-old client with hypertension and hyperlipidemia presents to the emergency department 3 hours after sudden left-sided weakness and slurred speech began. Assessment: BP 212/110 mmHg, HR 78/min, RR 18/min, SpO2 96% on room air, blood glucose 102 mg/dL (normal 70–110). The provider writes orders for suspected acute ischemic stroke. The nurse should QUESTION which order related to stroke management?

Administer alteplase (tPA) now before obtaining head computed tomography

Keep the client nothing by mouth until a bedside swallow screen is completed

Draw labs including complete blood count and coagulation studies

Obtain a noncontrast head computed tomography STAT

Explanation

This question tests prioritization and clinical judgment in acute stroke care. The priority framework emphasizes time-sensitive interventions and verifying orders against evidence-based protocols. The nurse should question administering alteplase before CT, as guidelines require ruling out hemorrhage first to avoid catastrophic complications. Keeping NPO until swallow screen prevents aspiration but is standard; obtaining CT STAT is essential; drawing labs is routine for eligibility. The decision-making principle is safety in thrombolytic administration. American Heart Association guidelines contraindicate tPA without confirmatory imaging. A transferable strategy is to always verify imaging results before initiating high-risk therapies in suspected strokes.

3

A 61-year-old client with a history of transient ischemic attacks and carotid artery disease arrives to the emergency department 40 minutes after sudden right facial droop and word-finding difficulty. Assessment: BP 148/82 mmHg, HR 78/min, RR 16/min, SpO2 98% on room air; blood glucose 88 mg/dL (normal 70–110). Which assessment finding requires IMMEDIATE action?

Blood pressure 148/82 mmHg

SpO2 98% on room air

Last known well time cannot be confirmed because the client arrived alone

History of carotid artery disease

Explanation

This question tests prioritization and clinical judgment in acute stroke care. The priority framework assesses factors impacting thrombolytic eligibility. The unconfirmed last known well time requires immediate action based on guidelines, as it determines treatment window and needs clarification. Normal BP doesn't require action; history is a risk but not acute; normal SpO2 is fine. The decision-making principle is accurate timing for decisions. Guidelines use last known well for eligibility. A transferable strategy is to investigate and document onset details promptly to guide stroke management.

4

A 57-year-old client with hypertension and cocaine use history arrives to the emergency department 1 hour after sudden left-sided weakness and slurred speech. Assessment: BP 210/112 mmHg, HR 104/min, RR 20/min, SpO2 96% on room air; blood glucose 97 mg/dL (normal 70–110). What is the nurse's PRIORITY action?

Administer a sedative to decrease sympathetic stimulation and blood pressure

Activate stroke alert and prepare for immediate noncontrast head computed tomography

Delay imaging until blood pressure is normalized to prevent hemorrhage

Obtain a urine drug screen before initiating any stroke interventions

Explanation

This question tests prioritization and clinical judgment in acute stroke care. The priority framework emphasizes not delaying imaging despite comorbidities like drug use. Activating alert and preparing for CT is the highest priority based on guidelines to diagnose quickly regardless of BP. Administering sedative is not first-line; delaying for BP normalization risks time; drug screen is secondary. The decision-making principle is time-sensitive diagnosis. Guidelines allow imaging with high BP. A transferable strategy is to proceed with protocol activation even in complex cases like substance use.

5

A 76-year-old client is 3 hours post-alteplase for ischemic stroke. The nurse notes the client is suddenly lethargic and has new right pupil dilation. Assessment: BP 204/110 mmHg, HR 60/min, RR 10/min, SpO2 94% on room air. What is the nurse's PRIORITY action?

Reassess neurologic status in 30 minutes to confirm the change

Administer the next scheduled anticoagulant dose to prevent recurrent stroke

Notify the provider/stroke team immediately and prepare for emergent head computed tomography

Provide fluids and encourage rest to treat possible dehydration

Explanation

This question tests prioritization and clinical judgment in acute stroke care. The priority framework monitors for post-tPA complications like increased intracranial pressure. Notifying the team and preparing for CT is the highest priority based on guidelines for signs of herniation or bleed. Administering anticoagulant risks worsening; reassessing delays; providing fluids assumes dehydration. The decision-making principle is rapid imaging for deterioration. Guidelines recommend emergent evaluation for pupil changes. A transferable strategy is to prioritize neuroimaging and escalation for any acute post-treatment neuro decline.

6

A 73-year-old client with atrial fibrillation and hypertension is admitted for heart failure exacerbation. The nurse finds the client with new right-sided weakness and inability to speak; last known well was 15 minutes ago. Assessment: BP 166/90 mmHg, HR 120 irregular, RR 22/min, SpO2 93% on room air; blood glucose 106 mg/dL (normal 70–110). Which intervention should the nurse implement FIRST?

Apply oxygen to maintain SpO2 at or above 94% and activate the stroke protocol

Obtain a complete set of intake and output data for the last 24 hours

Request a physical therapy consult for new weakness

Administer the scheduled diuretic to improve oxygenation and reduce confusion

Explanation

This question tests prioritization and clinical judgment in acute stroke care. The priority framework integrates ABCs with stroke protocol activation. Applying oxygen and activating protocol is the highest priority based on guidelines to optimize perfusion and enable rapid treatment. Administering diuretic assumes heart failure cause; obtaining I&O is secondary; PT consult follows diagnosis. The decision-making principle is addressing hypoxia first. Guidelines recommend SpO2 >=94% in strokes. A transferable strategy is to correct oxygenation while initiating stroke response in hypoxic patients with neuro changes.

7

A 56-year-old client with hypertension and migraines arrives to the emergency department 1 hour after sudden onset of severe headache, right-sided weakness, and slurred speech. Assessment: BP 198/108 mmHg, HR 72/min, RR 14/min, SpO2 98% on room air; blood glucose 99 mg/dL (normal 70–110). What is the nurse's PRIORITY action?

Activate stroke alert and prepare for immediate noncontrast head computed tomography

Dim the lights and place the client in a quiet room to reduce migraine triggers

Apply ice packs to the head and reassess pain in 30 minutes

Administer prescribed opioid analgesia for headache relief

Explanation

This question tests prioritization and clinical judgment in acute stroke care. The priority framework uses time-sensitive interventions for possible hemorrhagic stroke. Activating alert and preparing for CT is the highest priority based on guidelines to rule out bleed in severe headache with neuro deficits. Administering opioid is inappropriate without diagnosis; dimming lights assumes migraine; applying ice delays care. The decision-making principle is differentiating stroke types urgently. Guidelines prioritize imaging for thunderclap headaches. A transferable strategy is to treat severe headache with focal signs as potential hemorrhage and expedite diagnostics.

8

A 58-year-old client with atrial fibrillation and hypertension arrives to the emergency department 1 hour after sudden onset of right arm weakness and expressive aphasia. Assessment: BP 168/90 mmHg, HR 124 irregular, RR 20/min, SpO2 95% on room air; temperature 98.6°F (37.0°C); blood glucose 110 mg/dL (normal 70–110). What is the nurse's PRIORITY action?

Administer a benzodiazepine for anxiety to reduce blood pressure and heart rate

Start an intravenous line and draw blood for coagulation studies while preparing for immediate imaging

Perform a complete head-to-toe assessment before calling the stroke team

Give oral fluids to prevent dehydration prior to computed tomography

Explanation

This question tests prioritization and clinical judgment in acute stroke care. The priority framework involves ABCs and preparing for rapid diagnostics like imaging and labs. Starting an IV and drawing coagulation studies while preparing for imaging is the highest priority based on guidelines to enable timely thrombolysis if eligible. Administering benzodiazepine is not indicated for anxiety alone; complete assessment delays care; giving oral fluids risks aspiration. The decision-making principle is parallel processing to minimize door-to-treatment time. Guidelines recommend IV access and labs within 10 minutes of arrival. A transferable strategy is to multitask essential preparations like access and labs while expediting neuroimaging in acute stroke.

9

A 71-year-old client received alteplase for acute ischemic stroke 2 hours ago. History includes hypertension and diabetes. The nurse notes oozing at the intravenous site and new gum bleeding. Assessment: BP 152/88 mmHg, HR 92/min, RR 18/min, SpO2 97% on room air; neurologic status unchanged from baseline. What is the nurse's PRIORITY action?

Ambulate the client to prevent venous thromboembolism

Encourage frequent tooth brushing to reduce gum bleeding

Apply direct pressure to bleeding sites and notify the provider/stroke team of suspected bleeding complication

Administer aspirin to prevent additional clot formation

Explanation

This question tests prioritization and clinical judgment in acute stroke care. The priority framework monitors for bleeding post-thrombolysis. Applying pressure and notifying the team is the highest priority based on guidelines for managing hemorrhage complications. Administering aspirin worsens bleeding; encouraging brushing irritates sites; ambulating risks falls. The decision-making principle is prompt intervention for coagulopathy signs. Guidelines advise stopping anticoagulants and supportive care. A transferable strategy is to inspect sites frequently and escalate any bleeding post-tPA.

10

A 72-year-old client with atrial fibrillation, hypertension, and obesity is on a medical-surgical unit for pneumonia and suddenly becomes confused with new right-sided weakness. Last known well was 20 minutes ago. Assessment: BP 176/88 mmHg, HR 118 irregular, RR 20/min, SpO2 94% on 2 L nasal cannula, blood glucose 104 mg/dL (normal 70–110). What is the nurse's PRIORITY action?

Notify the provider during rounds and continue to monitor neurologic status every 4 hours

Activate the facility's rapid response/stroke protocol and prepare for emergent transport to imaging

Administer the prescribed antibiotic early to prevent worsening infection-related delirium

Reorient the client and obtain a urine specimen to evaluate for urinary tract infection

Explanation

This question tests prioritization and clinical judgment in acute stroke care. The priority framework involves recognizing inpatient stroke symptoms and activating rapid response for time-sensitive interventions. Activating the rapid response/stroke protocol and preparing for emergent imaging is the highest priority based on guidelines to ensure quick diagnosis and treatment. Notifying during rounds delays care; administering antibiotics assumes infection without evidence; and reorienting with urine collection addresses delirium but not acute stroke. The decision-making principle is to treat sudden neuro changes as stroke until proven otherwise. Hospital protocols emphasize immediate activation for last known well under 24 hours. A transferable strategy is to document last known well time and escalate care immediately for any new focal deficits in hospitalized patients.

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