Bell's palsy is due to dysfunction of cranial nerve VII, the facial nerve. The facial nerve provides motor control to the musculature of the face and sensory innervation of taste, facial sensation, and parasympathetic innervation of the submandibular and sublingual glands.

While Bell's palsy is most frequently associated with prior infection with herpes simplex 1, is may also be associated with cytomegalovirus, Epstein Barr virus, and herpes zoster.

One non-pharmaceutical intervention that has shown to provide relief for a significant number of individuals with cluster headaches is 100% oxygen, delivered via mask at a minimum of 12 liters per minute. Relief can be felt in as little as 15 minutes. None of the other interventions mentioned would be likely to improve symptoms of a cluster headache.

Benzodiazepines are the mainstay of treatment for alcohol withdrawal. Anti-epileptic drug (AEDs) are not to be used during alcohol withdrawal, and are reserved for patients who have a true seizure disorder. The Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment for Alcohol (CIWA) protocol is used as symptom based therapy with benzodiazepines to prevent seizures and other complications from withdrawal.

In the vast majority of cases Bell's palsy resolves within 1-6 months without medical intervention. Moistening of the affected eye (rather than nerve resection) is required during this period to prevent corneal damage. There is very little risk of permanent paralysis or loss of taste.

Petasites hybridus (butterbur) is a flowering plant of the family asteraceae. It has been shown in studies to reduce the frequency of migraine headaches by as much as 68%. None of the other herbs listed have any significant medicinal benefit in migraine headaches.

Cauda equina syndrome is a serious condition in which the cauda equina is disturbed within the spinal cord, generally due to impingement, trauma, local lesion, or compression. The first-line treatment is surgical decompression. Neither physiotherapy nor muscle relaxants would address the cause of this condition, and chiropractic manipulation may actually exacerbate the symptoms.

The most commonly prescribed medication for absence seizures is Ethosuximide. Lamotrigine and valproic acid may also be used if seizures are unable to be controlled with ethosuximide. Carbamazepine, a common medication prescribed for simple and complex partial seizures, is specifically contraindicated in absence seizures.

The most common causes of seizures include brain injury or tumor, genetic predisposition, medications, and infections such as meningitis. While marijuana may be a trigger for sensitive individuals with seizure disorders, it has not been known to cause seizures in a non-epileptic individual and has shown to reduce seizure incidence in some individuals with this condition when used in a medical setting.

Migraine headaches are commonly treated at first by over the counter (OTC) medications such as NSAIDS and acetaminophen. Other treatment options include triptans, antidepressants such as amitriptyline, and anti-hypertensives (beta blockers and calcium channel blockers).