Gastrointestinal Conditions - NCLEX-PN
Card 1 of 560
A client with Crohn's disease is asking the nurse how to accomplish a low-residue, low-fiber diet. The nurse will tell the client to avoid:
A client with Crohn's disease is asking the nurse how to accomplish a low-residue, low-fiber diet. The nurse will tell the client to avoid:
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Crohn's disease is an indicator for a low-residue, low-fiber diet. The diet should include foods that are unlikely to obstruct the intestinal tract if narrowed by inflammation or scarring, or if gastrointestinal motility is slowed.
Crohn's disease is an indicator for a low-residue, low-fiber diet. The diet should include foods that are unlikely to obstruct the intestinal tract if narrowed by inflammation or scarring, or if gastrointestinal motility is slowed.
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The home health nurse visits the home of a patient who has just been discharged from the hospital after a small bowel resection. Which of the following patient statements concerns the nurse?
The home health nurse visits the home of a patient who has just been discharged from the hospital after a small bowel resection. Which of the following patient statements concerns the nurse?
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Patients recovering from lower bowel surgery, such as small bowel resection, must adhere to a low-residue diet to minimize intestinal activity. A low-residue diet includes white breads, cereals, and pastas, well-cooked vegetables without skins, fresh fruits without peels or seeds, tender and well-cooked meats, limited dairy, meat broths and strained soups, and clear juices. The patient must avoid high-residue foods, including whole-grain breads such as corn bread, strong cheeses and yogurt, raw vegetables, dried fruits or legumes, juices with pulp, coffee or other caffeinated beverages, popcorn, nuts, and seeds.
Patients recovering from lower bowel surgery, such as small bowel resection, must adhere to a low-residue diet to minimize intestinal activity. A low-residue diet includes white breads, cereals, and pastas, well-cooked vegetables without skins, fresh fruits without peels or seeds, tender and well-cooked meats, limited dairy, meat broths and strained soups, and clear juices. The patient must avoid high-residue foods, including whole-grain breads such as corn bread, strong cheeses and yogurt, raw vegetables, dried fruits or legumes, juices with pulp, coffee or other caffeinated beverages, popcorn, nuts, and seeds.
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Which of these is a proper lifestyle change to fight gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?
Which of these is a proper lifestyle change to fight gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?
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Soda intake exacerbates symptoms of GERD. Along with this, individuals should wear loose clothing, exercise regularly, drink plenty of fluids, avoid eating within 1-2 hours of bed time, and avoid spicy and acidic foods.
Soda intake exacerbates symptoms of GERD. Along with this, individuals should wear loose clothing, exercise regularly, drink plenty of fluids, avoid eating within 1-2 hours of bed time, and avoid spicy and acidic foods.
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A nurse is counseling a 60 year old woman who recently found out that she has chronic hepatitis C. She is not sure how she became infected, though she does state that she had a blood transfusion in 1989 due to postpartum hemorrhage. She is concerned about the stigma of the disease and wonders how common it is in the United States. The nurse informs her of which of the following?
A nurse is counseling a 60 year old woman who recently found out that she has chronic hepatitis C. She is not sure how she became infected, though she does state that she had a blood transfusion in 1989 due to postpartum hemorrhage. She is concerned about the stigma of the disease and wonders how common it is in the United States. The nurse informs her of which of the following?
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Hepatitis C is the most common chronic blood-borne infection in the US. Approximately 3.9 million Americans have antibodies against the virus. Of those, approximately 70% (2.7 million) have chronic hepatitis C infections.
Hepatitis C is the most common chronic blood-borne infection in the US. Approximately 3.9 million Americans have antibodies against the virus. Of those, approximately 70% (2.7 million) have chronic hepatitis C infections.
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A client presents to the clinic for fecal occult blood testing (FOBT) as part of his colorectal screening appointment. The nurse previously instructed this patient to avoid certain foods for 48-72 hours prior to testing.
All of the following foods were to be avoided except .
A client presents to the clinic for fecal occult blood testing (FOBT) as part of his colorectal screening appointment. The nurse previously instructed this patient to avoid certain foods for 48-72 hours prior to testing.
All of the following foods were to be avoided except .
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There are many foods not to be ingested just prior to FOBT, prunes are fine to eat. Red meat, broccoli, cantaloupe, beets, turnips, carrots, horseradish and several others may alter the test results and should be avoided before a FOBT.
There are many foods not to be ingested just prior to FOBT, prunes are fine to eat. Red meat, broccoli, cantaloupe, beets, turnips, carrots, horseradish and several others may alter the test results and should be avoided before a FOBT.
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A 70-year-old female client is being treated as an outpatient for diverticulitis. The nurse explains that there are several complications associated with this disease.
The nurse informs the patient that diverticulitis is the most common cause of what complication?
A 70-year-old female client is being treated as an outpatient for diverticulitis. The nurse explains that there are several complications associated with this disease.
The nurse informs the patient that diverticulitis is the most common cause of what complication?
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Diverticulitis is the most common cause of lower GI bleeds. Peritonitis and bowel obstruction are possible complications, but not most commonly associated with diverticulitis. Renal failure and severe diarrhea are not complications of diverticulitis.
Diverticulitis is the most common cause of lower GI bleeds. Peritonitis and bowel obstruction are possible complications, but not most commonly associated with diverticulitis. Renal failure and severe diarrhea are not complications of diverticulitis.
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The pediatric nurse assesses a 11-year-old patient in the emergency department. The child’s parent explains the child’s signs and symptoms from the last few days. Which of the following statements by the parent is most important to the nurse?
The pediatric nurse assesses a 11-year-old patient in the emergency department. The child’s parent explains the child’s signs and symptoms from the last few days. Which of the following statements by the parent is most important to the nurse?
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This patient is experiencing signs of appendicitis, which include periumbilical abdominal pain (usually originating in the right lower quadrant), anorexia, nausea, vomiting, localized tenderness, muscle guarding, and a low-grade fever. Appendicitis is frequently diagnosed in young children and young adults with these symptoms and a white blood cell count from 
. The nurse should be most concerned if the pain has suddenly ceased, which may be a sign of perforation, which is an emergency due to hemorrhage and infection risks.
This patient is experiencing signs of appendicitis, which include periumbilical abdominal pain (usually originating in the right lower quadrant), anorexia, nausea, vomiting, localized tenderness, muscle guarding, and a low-grade fever. Appendicitis is frequently diagnosed in young children and young adults with these symptoms and a white blood cell count from
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The pediatric nurse cares for a young child admitted with appendicitis. Which of the following signs and symptoms most concerns the nurse?
The pediatric nurse cares for a young child admitted with appendicitis. Which of the following signs and symptoms most concerns the nurse?
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Without treatment, appendicitis can lead to peritonitis or perforation. Typical signs and symptoms of appendicitis include periumbilical abdominal pain, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, localized tenderness, muscle guarding, and low-grade fever. The normal WBC count for a patient with appendicitis ranges from 
. The nurse caring for a patient with appendicitis should always be aware of particularly concerning signs or symptoms of peritonitis, especially those that differ from established baseline signs and symptoms. Many of the symptoms of appendicitis may be apparent with peritonitis, especially tenderness, fever, and white blood cell counts. When assessing for peritonitis, the nurse should specifically look for abdominal rigidity/distention, rebound tenderness, increased/severe abdominal pain, ascites, increased temperature, increased leukocytosis, and paralytic ileus.
Without treatment, appendicitis can lead to peritonitis or perforation. Typical signs and symptoms of appendicitis include periumbilical abdominal pain, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, localized tenderness, muscle guarding, and low-grade fever. The normal WBC count for a patient with appendicitis ranges from
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A patient just returned from a trip outside of the country and is now experiencing fever, nausea, and vomiting. She tests positive for hepatitis A IgM. She would like to know if hepatitis A is a chronic infection, or if it will resolve with treatment. The nurse should advise her which of the following?
A patient just returned from a trip outside of the country and is now experiencing fever, nausea, and vomiting. She tests positive for hepatitis A IgM. She would like to know if hepatitis A is a chronic infection, or if it will resolve with treatment. The nurse should advise her which of the following?
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Hepatitis A is a generally benign, self-limiting disease that does not develop into a chronic hepatitis. It also cannot exist in a carrier state. Once the virus is cleared by the immune system, the individual will no longer carry the virus or be infectious to others.
Hepatitis A is a generally benign, self-limiting disease that does not develop into a chronic hepatitis. It also cannot exist in a carrier state. Once the virus is cleared by the immune system, the individual will no longer carry the virus or be infectious to others.
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What is the incubation period of hepatitis B (HBV)?
What is the incubation period of hepatitis B (HBV)?
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Hepatitis B has a long incubation period. From the time of initial infection, symptoms might take from 1-6 months to appear.
Hepatitis B has a long incubation period. From the time of initial infection, symptoms might take from 1-6 months to appear.
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Hepatitis B can be transmitted via any of the following routes except .
Hepatitis B can be transmitted via any of the following routes except .
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Hepatitis B is primarily transmitted via blood, vaginal secretions, and semen. While the virus is often present in saliva, it is not generally spread by sneezing, kissing, or sharing utensils (unless there are oral abrasions resulting in a mutual exchange of blood). The virus does not have fecal-oral transmission.
Hepatitis B is primarily transmitted via blood, vaginal secretions, and semen. While the virus is often present in saliva, it is not generally spread by sneezing, kissing, or sharing utensils (unless there are oral abrasions resulting in a mutual exchange of blood). The virus does not have fecal-oral transmission.
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A patient with pancreatitis is placed on an NPO order. What does this order mean?
A patient with pancreatitis is placed on an NPO order. What does this order mean?
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NPO means is a latin phrase meaning nothing by mouth. This order is used when a patient is not allowed to eat or drink any substances, usually due to a disturbance within the GI tract or if they are scheduled for a surgery. NPO orders are common in the ICU and surgical setting.
NPO means is a latin phrase meaning nothing by mouth. This order is used when a patient is not allowed to eat or drink any substances, usually due to a disturbance within the GI tract or if they are scheduled for a surgery. NPO orders are common in the ICU and surgical setting.
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What tissue of the gastrointestinal tract is affected in Celiac disease?
What tissue of the gastrointestinal tract is affected in Celiac disease?
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While individuals with Celiac disease can certainly have gastritis, fistulas, and ulceration due to inflammation, the primary effect of Celiac disease is villous atrophy in the small intestine. Villi become blunted, leading to loss of ability to absorb nutrients, including minerals and fat-soluble vitamins.
While individuals with Celiac disease can certainly have gastritis, fistulas, and ulceration due to inflammation, the primary effect of Celiac disease is villous atrophy in the small intestine. Villi become blunted, leading to loss of ability to absorb nutrients, including minerals and fat-soluble vitamins.
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What part of the bowel is most often affected by Crohn's disease?
What part of the bowel is most often affected by Crohn's disease?
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While Crohn's disease can affect any part of the alimentary canal, the small intestine, particularly the terminal ileum, is the most common site of serosal inflammation.
While Crohn's disease can affect any part of the alimentary canal, the small intestine, particularly the terminal ileum, is the most common site of serosal inflammation.
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What is the characteristic mucosal alteration seen in ulcerative colitis?
What is the characteristic mucosal alteration seen in ulcerative colitis?
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The characteristic histological alteration seen in ulcerative colitis is the crypt abscess, in which inflammation causes loss of goblet cells due to neutrophilic exudate in glandular lumens. Granulomas, thickened mucosa, and skip lesions are all seen in Crohn's disease.
The characteristic histological alteration seen in ulcerative colitis is the crypt abscess, in which inflammation causes loss of goblet cells due to neutrophilic exudate in glandular lumens. Granulomas, thickened mucosa, and skip lesions are all seen in Crohn's disease.
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Which of the following is described as a malformation resulting in narrowing or absence of a portion of the intestine?
Which of the following is described as a malformation resulting in narrowing or absence of a portion of the intestine?
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Intestinal atresia is a malformation resulting in narrowing or absence of a portion of the intestine. Duodenal atresia is the most common type, followed by ileal atresia. Hirschsprung's disease is an issue of innervation in the large intestine that can result in narrowing due to contraction, but there is no structural malformation in the bowel itself. Malrotation and volvulus are often seen together when a part of the intestine does not anchor or turn correctly during formation (malrotation) and then becomes twisted around itself (volvulus), resulting in constriction and loss of function.
Intestinal atresia is a malformation resulting in narrowing or absence of a portion of the intestine. Duodenal atresia is the most common type, followed by ileal atresia. Hirschsprung's disease is an issue of innervation in the large intestine that can result in narrowing due to contraction, but there is no structural malformation in the bowel itself. Malrotation and volvulus are often seen together when a part of the intestine does not anchor or turn correctly during formation (malrotation) and then becomes twisted around itself (volvulus), resulting in constriction and loss of function.
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What sign might indicate Hirshsprung's disease in a newborn?
What sign might indicate Hirshsprung's disease in a newborn?
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While an infant with Hirshsprung's disease may have vomiting and bloody stool, the most common sign is failure to pass meconium within 48 hours of delivery. Hirschsprung's disease, which is an absence of innervation to the large intestine, which results in narrowing and constriction of one part of the bowel and dilation of the preceding segment, can be diagnosed by biopsy of the distally narrowed segment of the bowel.
While an infant with Hirshsprung's disease may have vomiting and bloody stool, the most common sign is failure to pass meconium within 48 hours of delivery. Hirschsprung's disease, which is an absence of innervation to the large intestine, which results in narrowing and constriction of one part of the bowel and dilation of the preceding segment, can be diagnosed by biopsy of the distally narrowed segment of the bowel.
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What is the triad of symptoms often seen with intussusception?
What is the triad of symptoms often seen with intussusception?
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Intussusception occurs when part of the intestine folds into another section of intestine, much like a telescope. This results in sharp, crampy, or colicky abdominal pain, vomit of bile, and bloody red "currant jelly" stool. Black stool and "coffee ground" emesis are both symptoms of upper gastrointestinal bleeding (stomach, generally), while projectile vomiting may be associated with pyloric stenosis.
Intussusception occurs when part of the intestine folds into another section of intestine, much like a telescope. This results in sharp, crampy, or colicky abdominal pain, vomit of bile, and bloody red "currant jelly" stool. Black stool and "coffee ground" emesis are both symptoms of upper gastrointestinal bleeding (stomach, generally), while projectile vomiting may be associated with pyloric stenosis.
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What is the most common location for diverticulitis?
What is the most common location for diverticulitis?
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The most common location for diverticulitis is the sigmoid colon. This area generally has increased pressure as compared to the rest of the large intestine and is especially vulnerable to weakness in the muscle layers of the colon wall.
The most common location for diverticulitis is the sigmoid colon. This area generally has increased pressure as compared to the rest of the large intestine and is especially vulnerable to weakness in the muscle layers of the colon wall.
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Frequent projectile, non-bilious vomiting starting 2-3 weeks after birth is indicative of what condition?
Frequent projectile, non-bilious vomiting starting 2-3 weeks after birth is indicative of what condition?
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In congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, the smooth muscle of the pylorus becomes thickened, decreasing the lumen size of the pylorus. This prevents food from passing out of the stomach and into the small intestine, resulting in vomiting which is often projectile and tends to be non-bilious. Intussusception may show vomiting, but the more obvious sign is bloody "currant jelly" stools. Infant gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) may result in frequent spitting up, but projectile vomiting is rare. Diverticulitis is generally a condition of the elderly and tends to present as abdominal pain with alterations in bowel function and mild fever.
In congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, the smooth muscle of the pylorus becomes thickened, decreasing the lumen size of the pylorus. This prevents food from passing out of the stomach and into the small intestine, resulting in vomiting which is often projectile and tends to be non-bilious. Intussusception may show vomiting, but the more obvious sign is bloody "currant jelly" stools. Infant gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) may result in frequent spitting up, but projectile vomiting is rare. Diverticulitis is generally a condition of the elderly and tends to present as abdominal pain with alterations in bowel function and mild fever.
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