Causes and Treatments of Neural Conditions - NCLEX-PN
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All of the following are common etiologies of seizure disorders except .
All of the following are common etiologies of seizure disorders except .
The most common causes of seizures include brain injury or tumor, genetic predisposition, medications, and infections such as meningitis. While marijuana may be a trigger for sensitive individuals with seizure disorders, it has not been known to cause seizures in a non-epileptic individual and has shown to reduce seizure incidence in some individuals with this condition when used in a medical setting.
The most common causes of seizures include brain injury or tumor, genetic predisposition, medications, and infections such as meningitis. While marijuana may be a trigger for sensitive individuals with seizure disorders, it has not been known to cause seizures in a non-epileptic individual and has shown to reduce seizure incidence in some individuals with this condition when used in a medical setting.
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All of the following medications are considered first-line treatments of absence seizures except .
All of the following medications are considered first-line treatments of absence seizures except .
The most commonly prescribed medication for absence seizures is Ethosuximide. Lamotrigine and valproic acid may also be used if seizures are unable to be controlled with ethosuximide. Carbamazepine, a common medication prescribed for simple and complex partial seizures, is specifically contraindicated in absence seizures.
The most commonly prescribed medication for absence seizures is Ethosuximide. Lamotrigine and valproic acid may also be used if seizures are unable to be controlled with ethosuximide. Carbamazepine, a common medication prescribed for simple and complex partial seizures, is specifically contraindicated in absence seizures.
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A 50-year-old female client recently diagnosed with multiple sclerosis, presents to the clinic after having a history of several neurological symptoms and is asking the nurse about her condition. The nurse is glad to teach the client about multiple sclerosis.
Which of the following statements about multiple sclerosis is correct?
A 50-year-old female client recently diagnosed with multiple sclerosis, presents to the clinic after having a history of several neurological symptoms and is asking the nurse about her condition. The nurse is glad to teach the client about multiple sclerosis.
Which of the following statements about multiple sclerosis is correct?
Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune process with no exact known cause. The myelin sheath is attacked and plaque formation occurs in various regions of the CNS. Without myelin, nerve conduction slows down and may eventually be completely blocked leading to widespread loss of function.
Loss of the dopamine-producing neurons describes Parkinson's disease. Excess dopamine describes dementia. Deficiency of acetylcholine describes Huntington's disease, and the autoimmune disease of the neuromuscular junction is known as Myasthenia Gravis.
Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune process with no exact known cause. The myelin sheath is attacked and plaque formation occurs in various regions of the CNS. Without myelin, nerve conduction slows down and may eventually be completely blocked leading to widespread loss of function.
Loss of the dopamine-producing neurons describes Parkinson's disease. Excess dopamine describes dementia. Deficiency of acetylcholine describes Huntington's disease, and the autoimmune disease of the neuromuscular junction is known as Myasthenia Gravis.
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Which of the following classes of medication is not used for treatment of migraine headaches?
Which of the following classes of medication is not used for treatment of migraine headaches?
Migraine headaches are commonly treated at first by over the counter (OTC) medications such as NSAIDS and acetaminophen. Other treatment options include triptans, antidepressants such as amitriptyline, and anti-hypertensives (beta blockers and calcium channel blockers).
Migraine headaches are commonly treated at first by over the counter (OTC) medications such as NSAIDS and acetaminophen. Other treatment options include triptans, antidepressants such as amitriptyline, and anti-hypertensives (beta blockers and calcium channel blockers).
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Which of the following herbs has been shown to be effective in prevention of migraine symptoms?
Which of the following herbs has been shown to be effective in prevention of migraine symptoms?
Petasites hybridus (butterbur) is a flowering plant of the family asteraceae. It has been shown in studies to reduce the frequency of migraine headaches by as much as 68%. None of the other herbs listed have any significant medicinal benefit in migraine headaches.
Petasites hybridus (butterbur) is a flowering plant of the family asteraceae. It has been shown in studies to reduce the frequency of migraine headaches by as much as 68%. None of the other herbs listed have any significant medicinal benefit in migraine headaches.
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Which of the following interventions has been shown to be effective in reducing the severity of pain in cluster headaches?
Which of the following interventions has been shown to be effective in reducing the severity of pain in cluster headaches?
One non-pharmaceutical intervention that has shown to provide relief for a significant number of individuals with cluster headaches is 100% oxygen, delivered via mask at a minimum of 12 liters per minute. Relief can be felt in as little as 15 minutes. None of the other interventions mentioned would be likely to improve symptoms of a cluster headache.
One non-pharmaceutical intervention that has shown to provide relief for a significant number of individuals with cluster headaches is 100% oxygen, delivered via mask at a minimum of 12 liters per minute. Relief can be felt in as little as 15 minutes. None of the other interventions mentioned would be likely to improve symptoms of a cluster headache.
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Bell's palsy is due to dysfunction of which of the following cranial nerves?
Bell's palsy is due to dysfunction of which of the following cranial nerves?
Bell's palsy is due to dysfunction of cranial nerve VII, the facial nerve. The facial nerve provides motor control to the musculature of the face and sensory innervation of taste, facial sensation, and parasympathetic innervation of the submandibular and sublingual glands.
Bell's palsy is due to dysfunction of cranial nerve VII, the facial nerve. The facial nerve provides motor control to the musculature of the face and sensory innervation of taste, facial sensation, and parasympathetic innervation of the submandibular and sublingual glands.
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Bell's palsy is associated with infection by which of the following pathogens?
Bell's palsy is associated with infection by which of the following pathogens?
While Bell's palsy is most frequently associated with prior infection with herpes simplex 1, is may also be associated with cytomegalovirus, Epstein Barr virus, and herpes zoster.
While Bell's palsy is most frequently associated with prior infection with herpes simplex 1, is may also be associated with cytomegalovirus, Epstein Barr virus, and herpes zoster.
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What is the prognosis with Bell's palsy?
What is the prognosis with Bell's palsy?
In the vast majority of cases Bell's palsy resolves within 1-6 months without medical intervention. Moistening of the affected eye (rather than nerve resection) is required during this period to prevent corneal damage. There is very little risk of permanent paralysis or loss of taste.
In the vast majority of cases Bell's palsy resolves within 1-6 months without medical intervention. Moistening of the affected eye (rather than nerve resection) is required during this period to prevent corneal damage. There is very little risk of permanent paralysis or loss of taste.
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A patient is hospitalized for alcohol withdrawal and is started on medication to prevent complications from withdrawal. Which type of medication is used to attenuate the possibility of seizures during this hospitalization?
A patient is hospitalized for alcohol withdrawal and is started on medication to prevent complications from withdrawal. Which type of medication is used to attenuate the possibility of seizures during this hospitalization?
Benzodiazepines are the mainstay of treatment for alcohol withdrawal. Anti-epileptic drug (AEDs) are not to be used during alcohol withdrawal, and are reserved for patients who have a true seizure disorder. The Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment for Alcohol (CIWA) protocol is used as symptom based therapy with benzodiazepines to prevent seizures and other complications from withdrawal.
Benzodiazepines are the mainstay of treatment for alcohol withdrawal. Anti-epileptic drug (AEDs) are not to be used during alcohol withdrawal, and are reserved for patients who have a true seizure disorder. The Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment for Alcohol (CIWA) protocol is used as symptom based therapy with benzodiazepines to prevent seizures and other complications from withdrawal.
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Which of the following is the first-line treatment for cauda equina syndrome?
Which of the following is the first-line treatment for cauda equina syndrome?
Cauda equina syndrome is a serious condition in which the cauda equina is disturbed within the spinal cord, generally due to impingement, trauma, local lesion, or compression. The first-line treatment is surgical decompression. Neither physiotherapy nor muscle relaxants would address the cause of this condition, and chiropractic manipulation may actually exacerbate the symptoms.
Cauda equina syndrome is a serious condition in which the cauda equina is disturbed within the spinal cord, generally due to impingement, trauma, local lesion, or compression. The first-line treatment is surgical decompression. Neither physiotherapy nor muscle relaxants would address the cause of this condition, and chiropractic manipulation may actually exacerbate the symptoms.
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All of the following medications are considered first-line treatments of absence seizures except .
All of the following medications are considered first-line treatments of absence seizures except .
The most commonly prescribed medication for absence seizures is Ethosuximide. Lamotrigine and valproic acid may also be used if seizures are unable to be controlled with ethosuximide. Carbamazepine, a common medication prescribed for simple and complex partial seizures, is specifically contraindicated in absence seizures.
The most commonly prescribed medication for absence seizures is Ethosuximide. Lamotrigine and valproic acid may also be used if seizures are unable to be controlled with ethosuximide. Carbamazepine, a common medication prescribed for simple and complex partial seizures, is specifically contraindicated in absence seizures.
Compare your answer with the correct one above
A 50-year-old female client recently diagnosed with multiple sclerosis, presents to the clinic after having a history of several neurological symptoms and is asking the nurse about her condition. The nurse is glad to teach the client about multiple sclerosis.
Which of the following statements about multiple sclerosis is correct?
A 50-year-old female client recently diagnosed with multiple sclerosis, presents to the clinic after having a history of several neurological symptoms and is asking the nurse about her condition. The nurse is glad to teach the client about multiple sclerosis.
Which of the following statements about multiple sclerosis is correct?
Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune process with no exact known cause. The myelin sheath is attacked and plaque formation occurs in various regions of the CNS. Without myelin, nerve conduction slows down and may eventually be completely blocked leading to widespread loss of function.
Loss of the dopamine-producing neurons describes Parkinson's disease. Excess dopamine describes dementia. Deficiency of acetylcholine describes Huntington's disease, and the autoimmune disease of the neuromuscular junction is known as Myasthenia Gravis.
Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune process with no exact known cause. The myelin sheath is attacked and plaque formation occurs in various regions of the CNS. Without myelin, nerve conduction slows down and may eventually be completely blocked leading to widespread loss of function.
Loss of the dopamine-producing neurons describes Parkinson's disease. Excess dopamine describes dementia. Deficiency of acetylcholine describes Huntington's disease, and the autoimmune disease of the neuromuscular junction is known as Myasthenia Gravis.
Compare your answer with the correct one above
Which of the following classes of medication is not used for treatment of migraine headaches?
Which of the following classes of medication is not used for treatment of migraine headaches?
Migraine headaches are commonly treated at first by over the counter (OTC) medications such as NSAIDS and acetaminophen. Other treatment options include triptans, antidepressants such as amitriptyline, and anti-hypertensives (beta blockers and calcium channel blockers).
Migraine headaches are commonly treated at first by over the counter (OTC) medications such as NSAIDS and acetaminophen. Other treatment options include triptans, antidepressants such as amitriptyline, and anti-hypertensives (beta blockers and calcium channel blockers).
Compare your answer with the correct one above
Which of the following herbs has been shown to be effective in prevention of migraine symptoms?
Which of the following herbs has been shown to be effective in prevention of migraine symptoms?
Petasites hybridus (butterbur) is a flowering plant of the family asteraceae. It has been shown in studies to reduce the frequency of migraine headaches by as much as 68%. None of the other herbs listed have any significant medicinal benefit in migraine headaches.
Petasites hybridus (butterbur) is a flowering plant of the family asteraceae. It has been shown in studies to reduce the frequency of migraine headaches by as much as 68%. None of the other herbs listed have any significant medicinal benefit in migraine headaches.
Compare your answer with the correct one above
Which of the following interventions has been shown to be effective in reducing the severity of pain in cluster headaches?
Which of the following interventions has been shown to be effective in reducing the severity of pain in cluster headaches?
One non-pharmaceutical intervention that has shown to provide relief for a significant number of individuals with cluster headaches is 100% oxygen, delivered via mask at a minimum of 12 liters per minute. Relief can be felt in as little as 15 minutes. None of the other interventions mentioned would be likely to improve symptoms of a cluster headache.
One non-pharmaceutical intervention that has shown to provide relief for a significant number of individuals with cluster headaches is 100% oxygen, delivered via mask at a minimum of 12 liters per minute. Relief can be felt in as little as 15 minutes. None of the other interventions mentioned would be likely to improve symptoms of a cluster headache.
Compare your answer with the correct one above
Bell's palsy is due to dysfunction of which of the following cranial nerves?
Bell's palsy is due to dysfunction of which of the following cranial nerves?
Bell's palsy is due to dysfunction of cranial nerve VII, the facial nerve. The facial nerve provides motor control to the musculature of the face and sensory innervation of taste, facial sensation, and parasympathetic innervation of the submandibular and sublingual glands.
Bell's palsy is due to dysfunction of cranial nerve VII, the facial nerve. The facial nerve provides motor control to the musculature of the face and sensory innervation of taste, facial sensation, and parasympathetic innervation of the submandibular and sublingual glands.
Compare your answer with the correct one above
Bell's palsy is associated with infection by which of the following pathogens?
Bell's palsy is associated with infection by which of the following pathogens?
While Bell's palsy is most frequently associated with prior infection with herpes simplex 1, is may also be associated with cytomegalovirus, Epstein Barr virus, and herpes zoster.
While Bell's palsy is most frequently associated with prior infection with herpes simplex 1, is may also be associated with cytomegalovirus, Epstein Barr virus, and herpes zoster.
Compare your answer with the correct one above
What is the prognosis with Bell's palsy?
What is the prognosis with Bell's palsy?
In the vast majority of cases Bell's palsy resolves within 1-6 months without medical intervention. Moistening of the affected eye (rather than nerve resection) is required during this period to prevent corneal damage. There is very little risk of permanent paralysis or loss of taste.
In the vast majority of cases Bell's palsy resolves within 1-6 months without medical intervention. Moistening of the affected eye (rather than nerve resection) is required during this period to prevent corneal damage. There is very little risk of permanent paralysis or loss of taste.
Compare your answer with the correct one above
All of the following are common etiologies of seizure disorders except .
All of the following are common etiologies of seizure disorders except .
The most common causes of seizures include brain injury or tumor, genetic predisposition, medications, and infections such as meningitis. While marijuana may be a trigger for sensitive individuals with seizure disorders, it has not been known to cause seizures in a non-epileptic individual and has shown to reduce seizure incidence in some individuals with this condition when used in a medical setting.
The most common causes of seizures include brain injury or tumor, genetic predisposition, medications, and infections such as meningitis. While marijuana may be a trigger for sensitive individuals with seizure disorders, it has not been known to cause seizures in a non-epileptic individual and has shown to reduce seizure incidence in some individuals with this condition when used in a medical setting.
Compare your answer with the correct one above