Causes and Treatments of Cardiovascular Conditions - NCLEX-PN
Card 1 of 120
Which of the following results would indicate a therapeutic effect in the client taking epoetin alfa?
Which of the following results would indicate a therapeutic effect in the client taking epoetin alfa?
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Epoetin alfa is used to treat anemia by causing bone marrow to produce oxygen-carrying red blood cells. Patients experiencing the therapeutic effects of the drug will have hematocrit in the range of 27-32%.
Epoetin alfa is used to treat anemia by causing bone marrow to produce oxygen-carrying red blood cells. Patients experiencing the therapeutic effects of the drug will have hematocrit in the range of 27-32%.
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The nurse recognizes the following as a client's successful response to defibrillation:
The nurse recognizes the following as a client's successful response to defibrillation:
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If defibrillation is successful, the client should be arousable, have a sinus rhythm, and have BP in a normal range.
If defibrillation is successful, the client should be arousable, have a sinus rhythm, and have BP in a normal range.
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Which part of the heart is most susceptible to infective endocarditis?
Which part of the heart is most susceptible to infective endocarditis?
Tap to reveal answer
Because the valves of the heart don't have their own blood vessels, white blood cells can't directly get there via the bloodstream. In addition, due to the lack of vasculature, if infection does occur antimicrobial medications may have difficulty reaching the infection.
Because the valves of the heart don't have their own blood vessels, white blood cells can't directly get there via the bloodstream. In addition, due to the lack of vasculature, if infection does occur antimicrobial medications may have difficulty reaching the infection.
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A 65-year-old male client has been admitted for complications due to chronic heart failure, and is receiving several medications. Medications include digoxin, Lasix, and metoprolol. The nurse enters the client room and he informs her that he is feeling nauseous and has vomited. She suspects the client is experiencing digoxin toxicity.
What has most likely caused the client to experience digoxin toxicity?
A 65-year-old male client has been admitted for complications due to chronic heart failure, and is receiving several medications. Medications include digoxin, Lasix, and metoprolol. The nurse enters the client room and he informs her that he is feeling nauseous and has vomited. She suspects the client is experiencing digoxin toxicity.
What has most likely caused the client to experience digoxin toxicity?
Tap to reveal answer
Digoxin toxicity is often precipitated by low potassium levels (hypokalemia). Hypokalemia is a risk with the taking of loop diuretics such as Lasix, so monitoring of potassium levels should be performed to prevent digoxin toxicity.
Digoxin toxicity is often precipitated by low potassium levels (hypokalemia). Hypokalemia is a risk with the taking of loop diuretics such as Lasix, so monitoring of potassium levels should be performed to prevent digoxin toxicity.
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A 50-year-old male client with a history of coronary artery disease begins to complain of chest pain. The physician has placed orders in the client's chart to allow for treatment prior to being notified of the chest pains. The nurse recognizes this client is experiencing angina.
All of the following interventions by the nurse should be performed except .
A 50-year-old male client with a history of coronary artery disease begins to complain of chest pain. The physician has placed orders in the client's chart to allow for treatment prior to being notified of the chest pains. The nurse recognizes this client is experiencing angina.
All of the following interventions by the nurse should be performed except .
Tap to reveal answer
There is no need to place patient in high Fowler's this would probably put them at risk for orthostatic hypotension which is a common side effect of nitroglycerine treatment, as is a bounding headache. Giving oxygen, assessing blood pressure and giving nitroglycerine are all proper nursing interventions for angina.
There is no need to place patient in high Fowler's this would probably put them at risk for orthostatic hypotension which is a common side effect of nitroglycerine treatment, as is a bounding headache. Giving oxygen, assessing blood pressure and giving nitroglycerine are all proper nursing interventions for angina.
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An EKG monitor reveals a patient is in ventricular fibrillation. He is subsequently provided the appropriate management and is converted to normal sinus rhythm. What is the mechanism of this management?
An EKG monitor reveals a patient is in ventricular fibrillation. He is subsequently provided the appropriate management and is converted to normal sinus rhythm. What is the mechanism of this management?
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Ventricular fibrillation is a potentially lethal rhythm. It is treated via defibrillation. This is an electrical shock that temporarily stops the heart in an attempt to have the natural pacemaker rhythm of the heart take over. Electrical therapy via defibrillation is the appropriate management of ventricular fibrillation.
Ventricular fibrillation is a potentially lethal rhythm. It is treated via defibrillation. This is an electrical shock that temporarily stops the heart in an attempt to have the natural pacemaker rhythm of the heart take over. Electrical therapy via defibrillation is the appropriate management of ventricular fibrillation.
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A 54-year-old male client is being discharged from the hospital after undergoing surgery to have an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) placed. The nurse is teaching the patient on proper guidelines for aftercare.
All of the following guidelines should be included in the teaching plan except .
A 54-year-old male client is being discharged from the hospital after undergoing surgery to have an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) placed. The nurse is teaching the patient on proper guidelines for aftercare.
All of the following guidelines should be included in the teaching plan except .
Tap to reveal answer
It is important to note that an (ICD) does have the potential to set of metal detector alarms at the airport. The staff should be notified to fact to make accommodations for the patient. A hand held may be used but should not be placed directly over the implanted device.
It is important to note that an (ICD) does have the potential to set of metal detector alarms at the airport. The staff should be notified to fact to make accommodations for the patient. A hand held may be used but should not be placed directly over the implanted device.
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The nurse observes a patient undergoing a blood transfusion. Which of the following is a priority intervention by the nurse if the patient exhibits signs of a transfusion reaction?
The nurse observes a patient undergoing a blood transfusion. Which of the following is a priority intervention by the nurse if the patient exhibits signs of a transfusion reaction?
Tap to reveal answer
The priority consideration for a nurse when a patient exhibits signs of a transfusion reaction include focus on the airway. Anaphylactic and hemolytic reactions diminish the ability of circulating blood to be oxygenated. The priority is to maintain a patent airway so circulating blood may remain oxygenated. After assessing the patient’s airway, the nurse should administer supplemental oxygen, stop the blood, give Benadryl (if it is an allergic reaction), and then notify the physician.
The priority consideration for a nurse when a patient exhibits signs of a transfusion reaction include focus on the airway. Anaphylactic and hemolytic reactions diminish the ability of circulating blood to be oxygenated. The priority is to maintain a patent airway so circulating blood may remain oxygenated. After assessing the patient’s airway, the nurse should administer supplemental oxygen, stop the blood, give Benadryl (if it is an allergic reaction), and then notify the physician.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
A client with newly diagnosed heart failure after myocardial infarction calls the clinic to ask about his new medications. Which of the following statements made by the patient concerns the triage nurse?
A client with newly diagnosed heart failure after myocardial infarction calls the clinic to ask about his new medications. Which of the following statements made by the patient concerns the triage nurse?
Tap to reveal answer
Patients with heart failure after myocardial infarction often take many new medications. It is important to adequately educate these patients on each of the side effects and dosing schedules of each medication. Digoxin is a fundamental drug in the treatment of heart failure. The maintenance dose of digoxin is essential to maintain optimal cardiac functioning and should not be missed. Digoxin may induce nausea and vomiting, and this should be communicated to the primary care provider so it may be treated. Among other essential heart failure medications are vasodilators and inotropic agents, as well as antihypertensive medications such as diuretics, beta-blockers, and ACE inhibitors. Diuretics such as hydrochlorothiazide should be taken in the morning because they induce diuresis - this would disrupt sleeping if taken later in the day or at bedtime. Vasodilators such as nitroglycerin are essential to decrease afterload in the case of angina. Beta-blockers such as metoprolol are most effective when taken without food, such as before breakfast or at bedtime. Antihypertensive medications may also cause orthostatic hypotension, so it is essential for patients to change positions slowly.
Patients with heart failure after myocardial infarction often take many new medications. It is important to adequately educate these patients on each of the side effects and dosing schedules of each medication. Digoxin is a fundamental drug in the treatment of heart failure. The maintenance dose of digoxin is essential to maintain optimal cardiac functioning and should not be missed. Digoxin may induce nausea and vomiting, and this should be communicated to the primary care provider so it may be treated. Among other essential heart failure medications are vasodilators and inotropic agents, as well as antihypertensive medications such as diuretics, beta-blockers, and ACE inhibitors. Diuretics such as hydrochlorothiazide should be taken in the morning because they induce diuresis - this would disrupt sleeping if taken later in the day or at bedtime. Vasodilators such as nitroglycerin are essential to decrease afterload in the case of angina. Beta-blockers such as metoprolol are most effective when taken without food, such as before breakfast or at bedtime. Antihypertensive medications may also cause orthostatic hypotension, so it is essential for patients to change positions slowly.
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The nurse cares for a patient in the stroke unit. The physician has ordered thrombolytic therapy for this patient. The nurse knows that the patient cannot receive thrombolytic medication if which of these is true?
The nurse cares for a patient in the stroke unit. The physician has ordered thrombolytic therapy for this patient. The nurse knows that the patient cannot receive thrombolytic medication if which of these is true?
Tap to reveal answer
Thrombolytic therapy is commonly given to patients who have strokes to dissolve clots. This therapy is contraindicated in people who have recently had surgery due to the risk for hemorrhage. It is also contraindicated in currently pregnant women. Ibuprofen and beta blockers are not contraindications to thrombolytic therapy. Cardiac dysrhythmias are also not contraindicated with thrombolytic therapy.
Thrombolytic therapy is commonly given to patients who have strokes to dissolve clots. This therapy is contraindicated in people who have recently had surgery due to the risk for hemorrhage. It is also contraindicated in currently pregnant women. Ibuprofen and beta blockers are not contraindications to thrombolytic therapy. Cardiac dysrhythmias are also not contraindicated with thrombolytic therapy.
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The home health nurse cares for a 6-month-old infant with heart failure. The child is receiving diuretic therapy at home. Which of the following symptoms manifested in the child may indicate a need for further intervention?
The home health nurse cares for a 6-month-old infant with heart failure. The child is receiving diuretic therapy at home. Which of the following symptoms manifested in the child may indicate a need for further intervention?
Tap to reveal answer
Weight gain is an early symptom of worsened congestive heart failure due to an accumulation of fluid in the vascular system that has not been diuresed. With fluid overload, the nurse should expect to see an increase in blood pressure, as well as tachypnea and tachycardia. Fluid overload may indicate a need for increased diuresis. Infants and children with congestive heart failure commonly demonstrate decreased appetites, so increased hunger would not be a negative sign.
Weight gain is an early symptom of worsened congestive heart failure due to an accumulation of fluid in the vascular system that has not been diuresed. With fluid overload, the nurse should expect to see an increase in blood pressure, as well as tachypnea and tachycardia. Fluid overload may indicate a need for increased diuresis. Infants and children with congestive heart failure commonly demonstrate decreased appetites, so increased hunger would not be a negative sign.
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Which hypertension drug is known to cause side effects such as, bradycardia, first degree heart block, and gingival hyperplasia?
Which hypertension drug is known to cause side effects such as, bradycardia, first degree heart block, and gingival hyperplasia?
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Calcium channel blockers, such as amlodipine cause side effects that affect the conduction of the heart. Other side effects include nausea, headache, rash, and gingival hyperplasia.
Calcium channel blockers, such as amlodipine cause side effects that affect the conduction of the heart. Other side effects include nausea, headache, rash, and gingival hyperplasia.
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Which of the following results would indicate a therapeutic effect in the client taking epoetin alfa?
Which of the following results would indicate a therapeutic effect in the client taking epoetin alfa?
Tap to reveal answer
Epoetin alfa is used to treat anemia by causing bone marrow to produce oxygen-carrying red blood cells. Patients experiencing the therapeutic effects of the drug will have hematocrit in the range of 27-32%.
Epoetin alfa is used to treat anemia by causing bone marrow to produce oxygen-carrying red blood cells. Patients experiencing the therapeutic effects of the drug will have hematocrit in the range of 27-32%.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
The nurse recognizes the following as a client's successful response to defibrillation:
The nurse recognizes the following as a client's successful response to defibrillation:
Tap to reveal answer
If defibrillation is successful, the client should be arousable, have a sinus rhythm, and have BP in a normal range.
If defibrillation is successful, the client should be arousable, have a sinus rhythm, and have BP in a normal range.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
Which part of the heart is most susceptible to infective endocarditis?
Which part of the heart is most susceptible to infective endocarditis?
Tap to reveal answer
Because the valves of the heart don't have their own blood vessels, white blood cells can't directly get there via the bloodstream. In addition, due to the lack of vasculature, if infection does occur antimicrobial medications may have difficulty reaching the infection.
Because the valves of the heart don't have their own blood vessels, white blood cells can't directly get there via the bloodstream. In addition, due to the lack of vasculature, if infection does occur antimicrobial medications may have difficulty reaching the infection.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
A 65-year-old male client has been admitted for complications due to chronic heart failure, and is receiving several medications. Medications include digoxin, Lasix, and metoprolol. The nurse enters the client room and he informs her that he is feeling nauseous and has vomited. She suspects the client is experiencing digoxin toxicity.
What has most likely caused the client to experience digoxin toxicity?
A 65-year-old male client has been admitted for complications due to chronic heart failure, and is receiving several medications. Medications include digoxin, Lasix, and metoprolol. The nurse enters the client room and he informs her that he is feeling nauseous and has vomited. She suspects the client is experiencing digoxin toxicity.
What has most likely caused the client to experience digoxin toxicity?
Tap to reveal answer
Digoxin toxicity is often precipitated by low potassium levels (hypokalemia). Hypokalemia is a risk with the taking of loop diuretics such as Lasix, so monitoring of potassium levels should be performed to prevent digoxin toxicity.
Digoxin toxicity is often precipitated by low potassium levels (hypokalemia). Hypokalemia is a risk with the taking of loop diuretics such as Lasix, so monitoring of potassium levels should be performed to prevent digoxin toxicity.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
A 50-year-old male client with a history of coronary artery disease begins to complain of chest pain. The physician has placed orders in the client's chart to allow for treatment prior to being notified of the chest pains. The nurse recognizes this client is experiencing angina.
All of the following interventions by the nurse should be performed except .
A 50-year-old male client with a history of coronary artery disease begins to complain of chest pain. The physician has placed orders in the client's chart to allow for treatment prior to being notified of the chest pains. The nurse recognizes this client is experiencing angina.
All of the following interventions by the nurse should be performed except .
Tap to reveal answer
There is no need to place patient in high Fowler's this would probably put them at risk for orthostatic hypotension which is a common side effect of nitroglycerine treatment, as is a bounding headache. Giving oxygen, assessing blood pressure and giving nitroglycerine are all proper nursing interventions for angina.
There is no need to place patient in high Fowler's this would probably put them at risk for orthostatic hypotension which is a common side effect of nitroglycerine treatment, as is a bounding headache. Giving oxygen, assessing blood pressure and giving nitroglycerine are all proper nursing interventions for angina.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
A 54-year-old male client is being discharged from the hospital after undergoing surgery to have an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) placed. The nurse is teaching the patient on proper guidelines for aftercare.
All of the following guidelines should be included in the teaching plan except .
A 54-year-old male client is being discharged from the hospital after undergoing surgery to have an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) placed. The nurse is teaching the patient on proper guidelines for aftercare.
All of the following guidelines should be included in the teaching plan except .
Tap to reveal answer
It is important to note that an (ICD) does have the potential to set of metal detector alarms at the airport. The staff should be notified to fact to make accommodations for the patient. A hand held may be used but should not be placed directly over the implanted device.
It is important to note that an (ICD) does have the potential to set of metal detector alarms at the airport. The staff should be notified to fact to make accommodations for the patient. A hand held may be used but should not be placed directly over the implanted device.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
The nurse observes a patient undergoing a blood transfusion. Which of the following is a priority intervention by the nurse if the patient exhibits signs of a transfusion reaction?
The nurse observes a patient undergoing a blood transfusion. Which of the following is a priority intervention by the nurse if the patient exhibits signs of a transfusion reaction?
Tap to reveal answer
The priority consideration for a nurse when a patient exhibits signs of a transfusion reaction include focus on the airway. Anaphylactic and hemolytic reactions diminish the ability of circulating blood to be oxygenated. The priority is to maintain a patent airway so circulating blood may remain oxygenated. After assessing the patient’s airway, the nurse should administer supplemental oxygen, stop the blood, give Benadryl (if it is an allergic reaction), and then notify the physician.
The priority consideration for a nurse when a patient exhibits signs of a transfusion reaction include focus on the airway. Anaphylactic and hemolytic reactions diminish the ability of circulating blood to be oxygenated. The priority is to maintain a patent airway so circulating blood may remain oxygenated. After assessing the patient’s airway, the nurse should administer supplemental oxygen, stop the blood, give Benadryl (if it is an allergic reaction), and then notify the physician.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
A client with newly diagnosed heart failure after myocardial infarction calls the clinic to ask about his new medications. Which of the following statements made by the patient concerns the triage nurse?
A client with newly diagnosed heart failure after myocardial infarction calls the clinic to ask about his new medications. Which of the following statements made by the patient concerns the triage nurse?
Tap to reveal answer
Patients with heart failure after myocardial infarction often take many new medications. It is important to adequately educate these patients on each of the side effects and dosing schedules of each medication. Digoxin is a fundamental drug in the treatment of heart failure. The maintenance dose of digoxin is essential to maintain optimal cardiac functioning and should not be missed. Digoxin may induce nausea and vomiting, and this should be communicated to the primary care provider so it may be treated. Among other essential heart failure medications are vasodilators and inotropic agents, as well as antihypertensive medications such as diuretics, beta-blockers, and ACE inhibitors. Diuretics such as hydrochlorothiazide should be taken in the morning because they induce diuresis - this would disrupt sleeping if taken later in the day or at bedtime. Vasodilators such as nitroglycerin are essential to decrease afterload in the case of angina. Beta-blockers such as metoprolol are most effective when taken without food, such as before breakfast or at bedtime. Antihypertensive medications may also cause orthostatic hypotension, so it is essential for patients to change positions slowly.
Patients with heart failure after myocardial infarction often take many new medications. It is important to adequately educate these patients on each of the side effects and dosing schedules of each medication. Digoxin is a fundamental drug in the treatment of heart failure. The maintenance dose of digoxin is essential to maintain optimal cardiac functioning and should not be missed. Digoxin may induce nausea and vomiting, and this should be communicated to the primary care provider so it may be treated. Among other essential heart failure medications are vasodilators and inotropic agents, as well as antihypertensive medications such as diuretics, beta-blockers, and ACE inhibitors. Diuretics such as hydrochlorothiazide should be taken in the morning because they induce diuresis - this would disrupt sleeping if taken later in the day or at bedtime. Vasodilators such as nitroglycerin are essential to decrease afterload in the case of angina. Beta-blockers such as metoprolol are most effective when taken without food, such as before breakfast or at bedtime. Antihypertensive medications may also cause orthostatic hypotension, so it is essential for patients to change positions slowly.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →