Understand how changes in thermal energy affect particle motion, temperature, and state change
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Middle School Physical Science › Understand how changes in thermal energy affect particle motion, temperature, and state change
The image shows the particles of a substance in its three states. The kinetic energy of the particles increases as:
the substance changes from a solid to a liquid
the substance changes from a liquid to a gas
both as it changes from a solid to a liquid and when it changes from a liquid to a gas
none of these
Explanation
The answer is "both as it changes from a solid to a liquid and when it changes from a liquid to a gas." As the temperature of a substance increases, so does the kinetic energy of particles increases.
The particles in the image on the far left most likely:
belong to a solid and are not moving at all
belong to a solid and are vibrating in place
belong to a liquid that is not moving in a container
belong to a gas that is fit very tightly in a container
Explanation
The answer is "belong to a solid and are vibrating in place." The image shows that the particles are 'stuck together' in a solid configuration. These particles do have kinetic energy so they are vibrating and not completely lacking movement.
In order to change a gas into a liquid, you would have to:
remove thermal energy
add thermal energy
do nothing
let time pass
Explanation
The answer is "remove thermal energy." In order to change a gas to a liquid, you would have to cool it down, thus removing thermal energy.
In order to change a substance from a solid to a liquid, you would have to:
add thermal energy
remove thermal energy
do nothing
let it sit over night
Explanation
The answer is "add thermal energy" because the state change from a solid to a liquid requires heat.
Cooling causes particles in substances to:
slow down
speed up
stop moving completely
all of these
Explanation
The answer is "slow down." When a substance cools it loses its thermal energy which causes the particles to slow down.
The process of adding thermal energy to a solid and transforming it directly to a gas without first turning it to a liquid is called:
sublimation
melting
condensation
deposition
Explanation
The answer is sublimation. Sublimation is the process of adding thermal energy to a sold and transforming it directly to a gas without first turning it to a liquid.
An increase in volume due to heating is called:
thermal expansion
thermal contraction
thermal reduction
thermal rotation
Explanation
The answer is thermal expansion. Thermal expansion happens when substances are heated and the particles speed up and take up more space.
The particles in a gas:
move very quickly
are far apart
move around each other easily
all choices are correct
Explanation
The answer is "all choices are correct" because the particles in a gas share all of these characteristics.
The constant motion of particles in substances gives them their kinetic energy. We measure this kinetic energy as:
temperature
speed
PH
energetic potential
Explanation
The answer is "temperature." Temperature is by definition, the measure of the kinetic energy of a substance.
Removing thermal energy from a substance will:
all of these
change its state
lower the temperature
reduce the kinetic energy of the particles
Explanation
The answer is all of the these because removing thermal energy will change a substance's state, temperature, and particle motion.