How Atoms Shape Substances - Middle School Physical Science
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What structure forms when positive and negative ions arrange in a repeating 3D pattern?
What structure forms when positive and negative ions arrange in a repeating 3D pattern?
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Crystal lattice. Ions maximize attraction by forming ordered, repeating structures.
Crystal lattice. Ions maximize attraction by forming ordered, repeating structures.
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Which type of bond is typical between metal atoms in a solid metal?
Which type of bond is typical between metal atoms in a solid metal?
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Metallic bond. Metal atoms share electrons in a "sea" throughout the solid.
Metallic bond. Metal atoms share electrons in a "sea" throughout the solid.
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Which bond forms when atoms share one or more pairs of electrons?
Which bond forms when atoms share one or more pairs of electrons?
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Covalent bond. Shared electrons create a strong attraction between atoms.
Covalent bond. Shared electrons create a strong attraction between atoms.
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Which bond forms when electrons are transferred, creating ions that attract each other?
Which bond forms when electrons are transferred, creating ions that attract each other?
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Ionic bond. Electron transfer creates oppositely charged ions that attract.
Ionic bond. Electron transfer creates oppositely charged ions that attract.
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Choose the correct statement: arrangement affects properties because it changes bonding and spacing of atoms.
Choose the correct statement: arrangement affects properties because it changes bonding and spacing of atoms.
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True. Different arrangements create different bonds and properties.
True. Different arrangements create different bonds and properties.
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Identify the structure: a solid where carbon atoms are bonded in an extended 3D network.
Identify the structure: a solid where carbon atoms are bonded in an extended 3D network.
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Covalent network solid. Carbon atoms bond continuously throughout, like in diamond.
Covalent network solid. Carbon atoms bond continuously throughout, like in diamond.
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What is the term for the attractive force that holds atoms together in a substance?
What is the term for the attractive force that holds atoms together in a substance?
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Chemical bond. Forces between atoms create stable arrangements in substances.
Chemical bond. Forces between atoms create stable arrangements in substances.
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What is the name for different arrangements of the same atoms that produce different properties?
What is the name for different arrangements of the same atoms that produce different properties?
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Allotropes. Same element can form different structures with different properties.
Allotropes. Same element can form different structures with different properties.
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Which type of solid is a continuous network of covalent bonds throughout the solid?
Which type of solid is a continuous network of covalent bonds throughout the solid?
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Covalent network solid. All atoms connect through covalent bonds in one giant structure.
Covalent network solid. All atoms connect through covalent bonds in one giant structure.
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Identify the structure: a solid made of individual $H_2O$ molecules held by attractions between molecules.
Identify the structure: a solid made of individual $H_2O$ molecules held by attractions between molecules.
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Molecular solid. Water molecules stay intact, held by intermolecular forces.
Molecular solid. Water molecules stay intact, held by intermolecular forces.
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What is the term for a substance formed when atoms of different elements bond in fixed ratios?
What is the term for a substance formed when atoms of different elements bond in fixed ratios?
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Compound. Elements chemically combine in specific proportions to form new substances.
Compound. Elements chemically combine in specific proportions to form new substances.
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What is the term for a pure substance made of only one type of atom?
What is the term for a pure substance made of only one type of atom?
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Element. All atoms have the same number of protons, defining the element.
Element. All atoms have the same number of protons, defining the element.
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What structure describes a substance made of separate, discrete groups of atoms (not a lattice)?
What structure describes a substance made of separate, discrete groups of atoms (not a lattice)?
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Molecule. Covalently bonded atoms form distinct units, not continuous networks.
Molecule. Covalently bonded atoms form distinct units, not continuous networks.
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What is meant by an allotrope of an element?
What is meant by an allotrope of an element?
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Different atomic arrangements of the same element. Same element can form different structures with different properties.
Different atomic arrangements of the same element. Same element can form different structures with different properties.
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Which carbon allotrope has atoms in flat hexagonal layers that slide: diamond or graphite?
Which carbon allotrope has atoms in flat hexagonal layers that slide: diamond or graphite?
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Graphite. Weak forces between layers allow them to slide past each other.
Graphite. Weak forces between layers allow them to slide past each other.
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Which carbon allotrope has each atom bonded to $4$ neighbors in a rigid 3D network: diamond or graphite?
Which carbon allotrope has each atom bonded to $4$ neighbors in a rigid 3D network: diamond or graphite?
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Diamond. Tetrahedral bonding creates an extremely hard 3D network.
Diamond. Tetrahedral bonding creates an extremely hard 3D network.
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Identify the structure type: a substance made of separate units like $H_2O$ is what kind of structure?
Identify the structure type: a substance made of separate units like $H_2O$ is what kind of structure?
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Molecular (discrete-molecule) structure. Individual molecules exist as separate entities.
Molecular (discrete-molecule) structure. Individual molecules exist as separate entities.
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Identify the structure type: a substance made of a repeating array of $Na^+$ and $Cl^-$ is what structure?
Identify the structure type: a substance made of a repeating array of $Na^+$ and $Cl^-$ is what structure?
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Ionic crystal lattice. Ions form continuous 3D arrays held by electrostatic forces.
Ionic crystal lattice. Ions form continuous 3D arrays held by electrostatic forces.
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Which option is correct: substances with stronger bonding forces usually have higher or lower melting points?
Which option is correct: substances with stronger bonding forces usually have higher or lower melting points?
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Higher melting points. More energy is needed to break stronger bonds during melting.
Higher melting points. More energy is needed to break stronger bonds during melting.
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What is meant by the phrase "type of atoms" in a substance?
What is meant by the phrase "type of atoms" in a substance?
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Which elements are present (the kinds of atoms in the material). Type refers to the specific elements/atoms that make up the material.
Which elements are present (the kinds of atoms in the material). Type refers to the specific elements/atoms that make up the material.
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What is meant by the phrase "arrangement of atoms" in a substance?
What is meant by the phrase "arrangement of atoms" in a substance?
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How atoms are bonded and positioned (pattern and spacing). Arrangement describes the spatial organization and connections between atoms.
How atoms are bonded and positioned (pattern and spacing). Arrangement describes the spatial organization and connections between atoms.
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What is the definition of a molecule?
What is the definition of a molecule?
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A group of atoms chemically bonded as a single unit. Molecules are distinct units formed when atoms bond together.
A group of atoms chemically bonded as a single unit. Molecules are distinct units formed when atoms bond together.
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What is the definition of a compound?
What is the definition of a compound?
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A pure substance made of two or more elements chemically combined. Compounds contain different elements bonded in fixed ratios.
A pure substance made of two or more elements chemically combined. Compounds contain different elements bonded in fixed ratios.
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What is an element in terms of atoms?
What is an element in terms of atoms?
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A pure substance made of only one type of atom. Elements contain identical atoms throughout.
A pure substance made of only one type of atom. Elements contain identical atoms throughout.
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What type of bond forms when atoms share electrons?
What type of bond forms when atoms share electrons?
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Covalent bond. Shared electrons create strong directional bonds between atoms.
Covalent bond. Shared electrons create strong directional bonds between atoms.
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