All flashcards
Flashcard 1: What is the function of mitochondria in supporting cell processes?
Answer: Release energy by making ATP from food molecules. ATP powers all energy-requiring cellular processes.
Flashcard 2: What is the main function of the cell membrane in supporting overall cell function?
Answer: Selectively controls what enters and leaves the cell. Acts as a barrier to maintain homeostasis and protect the cell.
Flashcard 3: What is the main function of the cytoplasm in helping organelles work together?
Answer: Jelly-like fluid that holds organelles and supports reactions. Provides a medium for chemical reactions and organelle movement.
Flashcard 4: What is the nucleus responsible for that coordinates many cell activities?
Answer: Stores DNA and directs cell functions. Acts as the control center, regulating all cellular activities.
Flashcard 5: What is the role of ribosomes in the cell’s production system?
Answer: Build proteins from amino acids. Follow instructions from mRNA to synthesize proteins.
Flashcard 6: What is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (rough ER)?
Answer: Folds and transports proteins made by ribosomes. Has ribosomes attached for protein synthesis and modification.
Flashcard 7: What is the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (smooth ER)?
Answer: Makes lipids and helps detoxify harmful substances. Lacks ribosomes, specializing in lipid synthesis instead.
Flashcard 8: What is the main function of the Golgi apparatus in cell organization?
Answer: Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids. Acts as the cell's shipping center for proteins and lipids.
Flashcard 9: What is the function of vacuoles, especially the large central vacuole in plants?
Answer: Store water and materials; help maintain turgor pressure. Turgor pressure keeps plant cells rigid and upright.
Flashcard 10: Identify the organelle pair that works together to make and package proteins for delivery.
Answer: Rough ER and Golgi apparatus. Rough ER makes proteins; Golgi modifies and ships them.
Flashcard 11: Which organelle provides energy needed for active transport across the cell membrane?
Answer: Mitochondria. ATP from cellular respiration powers membrane pumps.
Flashcard 12: What is the function of the cytoskeleton in coordinating cell activities?
Answer: Gives shape and helps move organelles and materials. Network of protein fibers acts as cell's internal framework.
Flashcard 13: What is the function of vesicles in moving materials within and out of the cell?
Answer: Membrane sacs that transport and deliver cell products. Bud off from organelles to carry cargo throughout the cell.
Flashcard 14: Which sequence shows the correct pathway for a protein to be secreted outside the cell?
Answer: Ribosome → rough ER → Golgi → vesicle → cell membrane. Shows the secretory pathway from synthesis to export.
Flashcard 15: Which cell structure must a waste-filled vesicle fuse with to remove waste from the cell?
Answer: Cell membrane. Vesicles release contents outside by exocytosis.
Flashcard 16: What is the function of chloroplasts in plant cells?
Answer: Convert light energy into sugars by photosynthesis. Contains chlorophyll to capture light for making food.
Flashcard 17: What is the main role of lysosomes in maintaining cell health?
Answer: Digest and recycle wastes and worn-out cell parts. Contains enzymes that break down cellular debris.
Flashcard 18: Which two structures work together to keep plant cells firm when water is stored?
Answer: Central vacuole and cell wall. Water pressure pushes against rigid wall for support.
Flashcard 19: Which structure breaks down a worn-out mitochondrion so its materials can be reused?
Answer: Lysosome. Contains digestive enzymes to recycle cellular components.
Flashcard 20: What is the main function of mitochondria in a eukaryotic cell?
Answer: Produces ATP by cellular respiration. Powers the cell by converting nutrients into usable energy.
Flashcard 21: What is the main function of the Golgi apparatus in supporting cell function?
Answer: Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids. Acts as the cell's shipping center for proteins and lipids.
Flashcard 22: What is the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum in the cell?
Answer: Makes lipids and helps detoxify harmful substances. Produces fats and breaks down toxins to protect the cell.
Flashcard 23: What is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum in the cell?
Answer: Folds and transports proteins made by ribosomes. Has ribosomes attached that make proteins for export or membrane insertion.
Flashcard 24: Identify the correct pathway for a secreted protein from production to release from the cell.
Answer: Ribosome → rough ER → Golgi → vesicle → cell membrane. Shows the complete secretory pathway from synthesis to release.
Flashcard 25: What is the main function of lysosomes in maintaining cell health?
Answer: Digests wastes and recycles worn-out cell parts. Contains enzymes that break down cellular debris and pathogens.
Flashcard 26: What is the main function of vacuoles in cells?
Answer: Stores water, nutrients, and wastes. Acts as storage compartments to maintain cell balance.
Flashcard 27: What is the function of chloroplasts in plant cells?
Answer: Carry out photosynthesis to make sugars. Converts light energy into chemical energy stored in glucose.
Flashcard 28: What is the primary function of the cell wall in plant cells?
Answer: Provides support, protection, and shape. Made of cellulose, maintains cell shape under pressure.
Flashcard 29: What is the function of the cytoskeleton in overall cell organization?
Answer: Provides structure and helps move organelles/materials. Network of protein fibers that maintains cell shape and enables transport.
Flashcard 30: Which cell structure directly produces the proteins that later get packaged for export?
Answer: Ribosomes. They synthesize all proteins, including those for export.