Identity Formation and Developmental Theories (8A) - MCAT Psychological and Social Foundations
Card 1 of 30
What is the term for the distress or tension that can occur when identity is being formed or changed?
What is the term for the distress or tension that can occur when identity is being formed or changed?
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Identity crisis. Occurs during identity formation or major life transitions.
Identity crisis. Occurs during identity formation or major life transitions.
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What is Erikson's core psychosocial conflict during late adulthood (approximately age $65+$)?
What is Erikson's core psychosocial conflict during late adulthood (approximately age $65+$)?
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Integrity vs despair. Older adults reflect on life with satisfaction or regret.
Integrity vs despair. Older adults reflect on life with satisfaction or regret.
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What is the definition of identity salience in role identity theory?
What is the definition of identity salience in role identity theory?
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Likelihood a role identity is invoked across situations. Higher salience means identity is more readily activated.
Likelihood a role identity is invoked across situations. Higher salience means identity is more readily activated.
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What is the definition of the out-group homogeneity effect?
What is the definition of the out-group homogeneity effect?
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Perceiving out-group members as more similar. "They're all the same" bias toward other groups.
Perceiving out-group members as more similar. "They're all the same" bias toward other groups.
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What is the key distinction between Erikson and Freud regarding development?
What is the key distinction between Erikson and Freud regarding development?
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Erikson emphasizes social context across the lifespan. Freud focused on psychosexual stages; Erikson on social influences throughout life.
Erikson emphasizes social context across the lifespan. Freud focused on psychosexual stages; Erikson on social influences throughout life.
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What is the central psychosocial conflict in Erikson's late adulthood stage (about age $65+$)?
What is the central psychosocial conflict in Erikson's late adulthood stage (about age $65+$)?
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Integrity vs. despair. Older adults reflect on life with satisfaction or regret.
Integrity vs. despair. Older adults reflect on life with satisfaction or regret.
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What is the central psychosocial conflict in Erikson's young adulthood stage (about ages $18$–$40$)?
What is the central psychosocial conflict in Erikson's young adulthood stage (about ages $18$–$40$)?
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Intimacy vs. isolation. Young adults seek close relationships or risk emotional isolation.
Intimacy vs. isolation. Young adults seek close relationships or risk emotional isolation.
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Identify the identity status: high exploration and low commitment.
Identify the identity status: high exploration and low commitment.
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Identity moratorium. Currently exploring but hasn't committed yet.
Identity moratorium. Currently exploring but hasn't committed yet.
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What is identity achievement in Marcia’s identity status model?
What is identity achievement in Marcia’s identity status model?
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Commitment after exploration. Resolved identity crisis through exploration.
Commitment after exploration. Resolved identity crisis through exploration.
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What is the definition of role conflict in relation to social roles and identity?
What is the definition of role conflict in relation to social roles and identity?
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Incompatible expectations across different roles. Multiple roles clash (e.g., work vs. family demands).
Incompatible expectations across different roles. Multiple roles clash (e.g., work vs. family demands).
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What is the definition of role strain in relation to social roles and identity?
What is the definition of role strain in relation to social roles and identity?
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Stress from competing demands within one role. Single role has conflicting expectations (e.g., teacher discipline vs. support).
Stress from competing demands within one role. Single role has conflicting expectations (e.g., teacher discipline vs. support).
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Identify the identity status: low exploration and low commitment.
Identify the identity status: low exploration and low commitment.
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Identity diffusion. Neither exploring nor committing to identity.
Identity diffusion. Neither exploring nor committing to identity.
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Identify the identity status: low exploration and high commitment.
Identify the identity status: low exploration and high commitment.
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Identity foreclosure. Commits to identity without exploring alternatives.
Identity foreclosure. Commits to identity without exploring alternatives.
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Identify the identity status: high exploration and high commitment.
Identify the identity status: high exploration and high commitment.
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Identity achievement. Both dimensions high indicates successful identity formation.
Identity achievement. Both dimensions high indicates successful identity formation.
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What is the key developmental task in Erikson's stage: identity vs. role confusion?
What is the key developmental task in Erikson's stage: identity vs. role confusion?
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Form a stable identity by integrating roles, values, and beliefs. Adolescents must synthesize various aspects of self into coherent whole.
Form a stable identity by integrating roles, values, and beliefs. Adolescents must synthesize various aspects of self into coherent whole.
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What is the main psychosocial crisis in Erikson's stage: intimacy vs. isolation?
What is the main psychosocial crisis in Erikson's stage: intimacy vs. isolation?
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Develop close relationships without losing sense of self. Young adults balance autonomy with emotional connection.
Develop close relationships without losing sense of self. Young adults balance autonomy with emotional connection.
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What is the main psychosocial crisis in Erikson's stage: generativity vs. stagnation?
What is the main psychosocial crisis in Erikson's stage: generativity vs. stagnation?
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Contribute to society and support the next generation. Middle-aged adults focus on productivity and mentoring.
Contribute to society and support the next generation. Middle-aged adults focus on productivity and mentoring.
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What is the main psychosocial crisis in Erikson's stage: integrity vs. despair?
What is the main psychosocial crisis in Erikson's stage: integrity vs. despair?
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Accept one’s life as meaningful rather than regretful. Older adults reflect on life achievements vs. missed opportunities.
Accept one’s life as meaningful rather than regretful. Older adults reflect on life achievements vs. missed opportunities.
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What does Freud mean by identification in psychosexual development?
What does Freud mean by identification in psychosexual development?
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Adopting traits of same-sex parent to resolve conflict. Child internalizes parent's characteristics during phallic stage.
Adopting traits of same-sex parent to resolve conflict. Child internalizes parent's characteristics during phallic stage.
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What is identity moratorium in Marcia’s identity status model?
What is identity moratorium in Marcia’s identity status model?
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Exploration without commitment. Actively exploring options before committing.
Exploration without commitment. Actively exploring options before committing.
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What is identity diffusion in Marcia’s identity status model?
What is identity diffusion in Marcia’s identity status model?
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No exploration and no commitment. Lacking both identity crisis and resolution.
No exploration and no commitment. Lacking both identity crisis and resolution.
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What is identity foreclosure in Marcia’s identity status model?
What is identity foreclosure in Marcia’s identity status model?
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Commitment without exploration. Accepting identity without questioning alternatives.
Commitment without exploration. Accepting identity without questioning alternatives.
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What is the difference between the “I” and the “me” in Mead’s theory?
What is the difference between the “I” and the “me” in Mead’s theory?
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“I” is spontaneous self; “me” is socialized self. "I" acts; "me" reflects society's expectations.
“I” is spontaneous self; “me” is socialized self. "I" acts; "me" reflects society's expectations.
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What is the generalized other in Mead’s theory of self development?
What is the generalized other in Mead’s theory of self development?
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Internalized societal norms used to guide behavior. Collective attitudes of society become part of self-concept.
Internalized societal norms used to guide behavior. Collective attitudes of society become part of self-concept.
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What is the looking-glass self (Cooley) in identity development?
What is the looking-glass self (Cooley) in identity development?
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Self-concept shaped by perceived judgments of others. We see ourselves as we imagine others see us.
Self-concept shaped by perceived judgments of others. We see ourselves as we imagine others see us.
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What is in-group bias in social identity theory?
What is in-group bias in social identity theory?
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Favoring one’s own group over out-groups. People automatically prefer members of their own social groups.
Favoring one’s own group over out-groups. People automatically prefer members of their own social groups.
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What is the core idea of social identity theory regarding self-concept?
What is the core idea of social identity theory regarding self-concept?
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Self-concept partly derives from group memberships. We define ourselves through social categories we belong to.
Self-concept partly derives from group memberships. We define ourselves through social categories we belong to.
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Which Erikson stage is most associated with adolescence and identity formation?
Which Erikson stage is most associated with adolescence and identity formation?
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Identity vs. role confusion. This stage typically occurs during adolescence (ages 12-18).
Identity vs. role confusion. This stage typically occurs during adolescence (ages 12-18).
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What is the core conflict of Erikson's Identity vs. Role Confusion stage?
What is the core conflict of Erikson's Identity vs. Role Confusion stage?
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Identity vs. role confusion; forming a coherent self-concept. Adolescents must integrate various aspects of self into a unified identity.
Identity vs. role confusion; forming a coherent self-concept. Adolescents must integrate various aspects of self into a unified identity.
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Identify the Marcia identity status: no commitment and no active exploration.
Identify the Marcia identity status: no commitment and no active exploration.
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Identity diffusion. Characterized by apathy and lack of direction in identity formation.
Identity diffusion. Characterized by apathy and lack of direction in identity formation.
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