All flashcards
Flashcard 1: What is the term for the distress or tension that can occur when identity is being formed or changed?
Answer: Identity crisis. Occurs during identity formation or major life transitions.
Flashcard 2: What is Erikson's core psychosocial conflict during late adulthood (approximately age 65+)?
Answer: Integrity vs despair. Older adults reflect on life with satisfaction or regret.
Flashcard 3: What is the definition of identity salience in role identity theory?
Answer: Likelihood a role identity is invoked across situations. Higher salience means identity is more readily activated.
Flashcard 4: What is the definition of the out-group homogeneity effect?
Answer: Perceiving out-group members as more similar. "They're all the same" bias toward other groups.
Flashcard 5: What is the key distinction between Erikson and Freud regarding development?
Answer: Erikson emphasizes social context across the lifespan. Freud focused on psychosexual stages; Erikson on social influences throughout life.
Flashcard 6: What is the central psychosocial conflict in Erikson's late adulthood stage (about age 65+)?
Answer: Integrity vs. despair. Older adults reflect on life with satisfaction or regret.
Flashcard 7: What is the central psychosocial conflict in Erikson's young adulthood stage (about ages 18–40)?
Answer: Intimacy vs. isolation. Young adults seek close relationships or risk emotional isolation.
Flashcard 8: Identify the identity status: high exploration and low commitment.
Answer: Identity moratorium. Currently exploring but hasn't committed yet.
Flashcard 9: What is identity achievement in Marcia’s identity status model?
Answer: Commitment after exploration. Resolved identity crisis through exploration.
Flashcard 10: What is the definition of role conflict in relation to social roles and identity?
Answer: Incompatible expectations across different roles. Multiple roles clash (e.g., work vs. family demands).
Flashcard 11: What is the definition of role strain in relation to social roles and identity?
Answer: Stress from competing demands within one role. Single role has conflicting expectations (e.g., teacher discipline vs. support).
Flashcard 12: Identify the identity status: low exploration and low commitment.
Answer: Identity diffusion. Neither exploring nor committing to identity.
Flashcard 13: Identify the identity status: low exploration and high commitment.
Answer: Identity foreclosure. Commits to identity without exploring alternatives.
Flashcard 14: Identify the identity status: high exploration and high commitment.
Answer: Identity achievement. Both dimensions high indicates successful identity formation.
Flashcard 15: What is the key developmental task in Erikson's stage: identity vs. role confusion?
Answer: Form a stable identity by integrating roles, values, and beliefs. Adolescents must synthesize various aspects of self into coherent whole.
Flashcard 16: What is the main psychosocial crisis in Erikson's stage: intimacy vs. isolation?
Answer: Develop close relationships without losing sense of self. Young adults balance autonomy with emotional connection.
Flashcard 17: What is the main psychosocial crisis in Erikson's stage: generativity vs. stagnation?
Answer: Contribute to society and support the next generation. Middle-aged adults focus on productivity and mentoring.
Flashcard 18: What is the main psychosocial crisis in Erikson's stage: integrity vs. despair?
Answer: Accept one’s life as meaningful rather than regretful. Older adults reflect on life achievements vs. missed opportunities.
Flashcard 19: What does Freud mean by identification in psychosexual development?
Answer: Adopting traits of same-sex parent to resolve conflict. Child internalizes parent's characteristics during phallic stage.
Flashcard 20: What is identity moratorium in Marcia’s identity status model?
Answer: Exploration without commitment. Actively exploring options before committing.
Flashcard 21: What is identity diffusion in Marcia’s identity status model?
Answer: No exploration and no commitment. Lacking both identity crisis and resolution.
Flashcard 22: What is identity foreclosure in Marcia’s identity status model?
Answer: Commitment without exploration. Accepting identity without questioning alternatives.
Flashcard 23: What is the difference between the “I” and the “me” in Mead’s theory?
Answer: “I” is spontaneous self; “me” is socialized self. "I" acts; "me" reflects society's expectations.
Flashcard 24: What is the generalized other in Mead’s theory of self development?
Answer: Internalized societal norms used to guide behavior. Collective attitudes of society become part of self-concept.
Flashcard 25: What is the looking-glass self (Cooley) in identity development?
Answer: Self-concept shaped by perceived judgments of others. We see ourselves as we imagine others see us.
Flashcard 26: What is in-group bias in social identity theory?
Answer: Favoring one’s own group over out-groups. People automatically prefer members of their own social groups.
Flashcard 27: What is the core idea of social identity theory regarding self-concept?
Answer: Self-concept partly derives from group memberships. We define ourselves through social categories we belong to.
Flashcard 28: Which Erikson stage is most associated with adolescence and identity formation?
Answer: Identity vs. role confusion. This stage typically occurs during adolescence (ages 12-18).
Flashcard 29: What is the core conflict of Erikson's Identity vs. Role Confusion stage?
Answer: Identity vs. role confusion; forming a coherent self-concept. Adolescents must integrate various aspects of self into a unified identity.
Flashcard 30: Identify the Marcia identity status: no commitment and no active exploration.
Answer: Identity diffusion. Characterized by apathy and lack of direction in identity formation.