Basic Concepts
In a nutshell: Unlock the meaning behind logical keywords and master 'if-then' statements.
## Cracking the Code: Logical Indicators
Many LSAT questions use certain words to signal relationships between statements. These are called logical indicators.
### Groups of Logical Indicators
- **Cause & Effect**: because, leads to, results in
- **Conditional**: if, only if, unless, except
### Conditional Reasoning Basics
Conditional statements follow the pattern: "If A, then B" (\(A \rightarrow B\)).
**Contrapositive:** Flip and negate: "If not B, then not A" (\(\neg B \rightarrow \neg A\)).
### How This Helps
Spotting these indicators lets you diagram arguments and spot hidden assumptions.
#### Life Skills
From following instructions to understanding contracts, conditional reasoning is everywhere!
Examples
- If you study, then you will pass. If you don't pass, you didn't study.
- You can go to the party only if you finish your homework. (Finish homework → Go to the party)
Key terms
- Conditional Statement
- A statement that asserts if one thing happens, another will follow.
- Contrapositive
- A logically equivalent statement where both conditions are negated and reversed.