Mixed-Number Word Problems

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ISEE Lower Level: Mathematics Achievement › Mixed-Number Word Problems

Questions 1 - 10
1

A painter has a container with \(7\frac{1}{8}\) gallons of white paint. He pours \(2\frac{3}{4}\) gallons into a paint tray. How much white paint is left in the container?

\(4\frac{3}{8}\) gallons

\(4\frac{5}{8}\) gallons

\(5\frac{5}{8}\) gallons

\(9\frac{7}{8}\) gallons

Explanation

To find the remaining amount of paint, subtract the amount used from the starting amount: \(7\frac{1}{8} - 2\frac{3}{4}\). First, find a common denominator, which is 8. The problem becomes \(7\frac{1}{8} - 2\frac{6}{8}\). Since \(\frac{1}{8}\) is smaller than \(\frac{6}{8}\), you need to regroup from the 7. Borrow 1 from 7, making it 6. Add the borrowed 1 (as \(\frac{8}{8}\)) to the fraction: \(\frac{1}{8} + \frac{8}{8} = \frac{9}{8}\). The problem is now \(6\frac{9}{8} - 2\frac{6}{8} = 4\frac{3}{8}\) gallons.

2

Mr. Cheng is building a bookshelf. He has a wooden plank that is 12 feet long. He cuts off a piece that is \(4\frac{1}{3}\) feet long and another piece that is \(5\frac{1}{2}\) feet long. How long is the remaining piece of the plank?

\(9\frac{5}{6}\) feet

\(2\frac{3}{5}\) feet

\(3\frac{1}{6}\) feet

\(2\frac{1}{6}\) feet

Explanation

First, find the total length of the two pieces cut off: \(4\frac{1}{3} + 5\frac{1}{2}\). The common denominator is 6. \(4\frac{2}{6} + 5\frac{3}{6} = 9\frac{5}{6}\) feet. Next, subtract this total from the original length of the plank: \(12 - 9\frac{5}{6}\). Regroup 12 as \(11\frac{6}{6}\). Then, \(11\frac{6}{6} - 9\frac{5}{6} = 2\frac{1}{6}\) feet.

3

A stack of three textbooks is \(8\frac{1}{4}\) inches tall. The math book is \(2\frac{1}{2}\) inches thick and the science book is \(3\frac{1}{8}\) inches thick. What is the thickness of the third book, the history book?

\(3\frac{3}{8}\) inches

\(5\frac{5}{8}\) inches

\(13\frac{7}{8}\) inches

\(2\frac{5}{8}\) inches

Explanation

First, find the combined thickness of the math and science books: \(2\frac{1}{2} + 3\frac{1}{8}\). The common denominator is 8. \(2\frac{4}{8} + 3\frac{1}{8} = 5\frac{5}{8}\) inches. Next, subtract this combined thickness from the total height of the stack: \(8\frac{1}{4} - 5\frac{5}{8}\). The common denominator is 8. \(8\frac{2}{8} - 5\frac{5}{8}\). Regroup from the 8: \(7\frac{10}{8} - 5\frac{5}{8} = 2\frac{5}{8}\) inches.

4

Sara is making a costume. She needs \(2\frac{1}{2}\) yards of blue fabric and \(1\frac{3}{4}\) yards of silver fabric. She bought a total of 5 yards of fabric. How much fabric will she have left over?

\(2\frac{1}{2}\) yards

\(1\frac{1}{4}\) yards

\(4\frac{1}{4}\) yards

\(\frac{3}{4}\) yard

Explanation

This is a multi-step word problem involving mixed numbers and subtraction. When you see a problem asking "how much is left over," you need to find the difference between what was bought and what was used.

First, calculate how much fabric Sara actually needs by adding the blue and silver fabric requirements: $$2\frac{1}{2} + 1\frac{3}{4}$$. To add mixed numbers, convert them to improper fractions or find a common denominator. Using common denominators: $$2\frac{2}{4} + 1\frac{3}{4} = 3\frac{5}{4} = 4\frac{1}{4}$$ yards total needed.

Next, subtract the amount needed from the amount bought: $$5 - 4\frac{1}{4} = 4\frac{4}{4} - 4\frac{1}{4} = \frac{3}{4}$$ yard left over.

Looking at the wrong answers: Choice A ($$2\frac{1}{2}$$ yards) might come from subtracting only one fabric type instead of both. Choice B ($$1\frac{1}{4}$$ yards) could result from calculation errors when working with the mixed numbers or adding instead of subtracting somewhere in the process. Choice D ($$4\frac{1}{4}$$ yards) is actually the total amount of fabric Sara needs, not the leftover amount—this represents confusing what the question is asking for.

The correct answer is C: $$\frac{3}{4}$$ yard.

Study tip: In word problems involving "left over" or "remaining," always identify what you start with, subtract what you use, and double-check that your answer makes logical sense. Practice converting between mixed numbers and improper fractions to avoid calculation errors.

5

At the beginning of the week, a gas tank in a car was \(\frac{7}{8}\) full. By the middle of the week, the tank was \(\frac{1}{4}\) full. The owner then added enough gas to make the tank \(\frac{2}{3}\) full. How much gas did the owner add?

\(\frac{5}{12}\) of a tank

\(\frac{1}{24}\) of a tank

\(\frac{5}{8}\) of a tank

\(\frac{11}{12}\) of a tank

Explanation

This problem requires subtracting the final amount of gas from the amount present before refueling. First, find the amount of gas in the tank before adding more, which was \(\frac{1}{4}\) full. The owner filled it to \(\frac{2}{3}\) full. The amount added is the difference: \(\frac{2}{3} - \frac{1}{4}\). The common denominator is 12. \(\frac{8}{12} - \frac{3}{12} = \frac{5}{12}\). The starting amount of \(\frac{7}{8}\) full is extra information not needed to solve for the amount added.

6

A baker has a 10-pound bag of flour. He uses \(3\frac{1}{2}\) pounds for a batch of bread and \(2\frac{1}{4}\) pounds for a cake. How many pounds of flour are left in the bag?

\(4\frac{3}{4}\) pounds

\(4\frac{1}{4}\) pounds

\(5\frac{3}{4}\) pounds

\(6\frac{1}{2}\) pounds

Explanation

First, find the total amount of flour used by adding the two amounts: \(3\frac{1}{2} + 2\frac{1}{4}\). Find a common denominator for 2 and 4, which is 4. \(3\frac{2}{4} + 2\frac{1}{4} = 5\frac{3}{4}\) pounds. Next, subtract the total amount used from the initial amount: \(10 - 5\frac{3}{4}\). To subtract, regroup 10 as \(9\frac{4}{4}\). So, \(9\frac{4}{4} - 5\frac{3}{4} = 4\frac{1}{4}\) pounds.

7

A water jug contained \(4\frac{1}{4}\) liters of water. After Kenji drank some, \(2\frac{2}{3}\) liters were left. How much water did Kenji drink?

\(1\frac{1}{2}\) liters

\(1\frac{7}{12}\) liters

\(6\frac{11}{12}\) liters

\(2\frac{5}{12}\) liters

Explanation

Subtract the amount of water remaining from the initial amount: \(4\frac{1}{4} - 2\frac{2}{3}\). The least common denominator for 4 and 3 is 12. The problem becomes \(4\frac{3}{12} - 2\frac{8}{12}\). You need to regroup because \(\frac{3}{12}\) is less than \(\frac{8}{12}\). Borrow 1 from 4, which is \(\frac{12}{12}\). The problem becomes \(3\frac{3+12}{12} - 2\frac{8}{12} = 3\frac{15}{12} - 2\frac{8}{12} = 1\frac{7}{12}\) liters.

8

A container holds \(10\frac{1}{2}\) cups of lemonade. If \(3\frac{1}{3}\) cups are poured out for friends and then \(1\frac{1}{4}\) cups are added, how much lemonade is in the container now?

\(15\frac{1}{12}\) cups

\(5\frac{11}{12}\) cups

\(8\frac{5}{12}\) cups

\(7\frac{1}{6}\) cups

Explanation

This is a two-step problem. First, subtract the amount poured out: \(10\frac{1}{2} - 3\frac{1}{3}\). The common denominator is 6. \(10\frac{3}{6} - 3\frac{2}{6} = 7\frac{1}{6}\) cups. Next, add the amount that was put back in: \(7\frac{1}{6} + 1\frac{1}{4}\). The common denominator is 12. \(7\frac{2}{12} + 1\frac{3}{12} = 8\frac{5}{12}\) cups.

9

Aisha spent \(2\frac{1}{2}\) hours on her science project. She spent \(1\frac{1}{3}\) hours less on her math homework than on her science project. How much time did she spend on both tasks combined?

\(3\frac{2}{3}\) hours

\(4\frac{1}{6}\) hours

\(3\frac{5}{6}\) hours

\(1\frac{1}{6}\) hours

Explanation

First, find the time spent on math homework: \(2\frac{1}{2} - 1\frac{1}{3}\). The common denominator is 6. \(2\frac{3}{6} - 1\frac{2}{6} = 1\frac{1}{6}\) hours. Then, add the time spent on both tasks: \(2\frac{1}{2} + 1\frac{1}{6}\). The common denominator is 6. \(2\frac{3}{6} + 1\frac{1}{6} = 3\frac{4}{6}\), which simplifies to \(3\frac{2}{3}\) hours.

10

A triathlon consists of swimming, biking, and running. The total distance is \(25\frac{1}{2}\) miles. If the swimming portion is \(1\frac{1}{2}\) miles and the biking portion is \(18\frac{3}{4}\) miles, what is the distance of the running portion?

\(20\frac{1}{4}\) miles

\(5\frac{1}{4}\) miles

\(24\) miles

\(6\frac{3}{4}\) miles

Explanation

When you encounter a problem about combining parts to make a whole, you need to identify what information you have and what you're looking for. Here, you know the total distance and two of the three parts, so you need to find the missing third part.

To find the running distance, subtract the swimming and biking distances from the total distance: $$25\frac{1}{2} - 1\frac{1}{2} - 18\frac{3}{4}$$

First, subtract the swimming portion: $$25\frac{1}{2} - 1\frac{1}{2} = 24$$ miles remaining for biking and running.

Next, subtract the biking portion from what's left: $$24 - 18\frac{3}{4}$$. Convert 24 to a mixed number with fourths: $$24 = 23\frac{4}{4}$$. Now subtract: $$23\frac{4}{4} - 18\frac{3}{4} = 5\frac{1}{4}$$ miles for running.

Looking at the wrong answers: Choice A (24 miles) is what you get if you only subtract the swimming portion but forget about the biking. Choice B ($$6\frac{3}{4}$$ miles) likely results from an error in fraction subtraction, possibly adding fractions instead of subtracting. Choice C ($$20\frac{1}{4}$$ miles) is what you'd get if you only subtracted the swimming portion and made an arithmetic error.

The correct answer is D: $$5\frac{1}{4}$$ miles.

Study tip: In multi-step subtraction problems with mixed numbers, work systematically—subtract one portion at a time and double-check your fraction arithmetic. Convert whole numbers to equivalent fractions when needed to make subtraction easier.

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