How to evaluate algebraic expressions

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GRE Quantitative Reasoning › How to evaluate algebraic expressions

Questions 1 - 10
1

Quantitative Comparison

0 < x < 1

A

---

(2x + 5)/(x2)

B

---

5x

Quantity A is greater

Quantity B is greater

The two quantities are equal

The relationship cannot be determined from the information given

Explanation

Since A is a fraction with an exponential term in the denominator, its maximum value is when x is at a minimum. In B, the maximum value is when x approaches its maximum. Therefore, we can check whether there is overlap between the two quantities: No matter how close to either 0 or 1 x reaches, A will always be greater than B. (In fact, the minimum value for A is ~7, while the maximum value of B is ~5)

Be sure to keep your value of x consistent when plugging between the two fractions! The question asks for when they have the same x-value, not for when they are solved independently.

2

If x = -4 and y = 7, what is the value of 3x-5y?

47

23

-23

-45

-47

Explanation

Substitute the values into equation: 3(-4) - 5(7) = -12 - 35 = -47.

3

If the average (arithmetic mean) of the above terms is , what is the median?

Explanation

Since we know the mean is 7, and the number of terms is 5, we can first find the value of x:

((x – 2)+ (x) + (x + 1) + (x + 4) + (x + 7))/5 = (5x + 10)/5 = 7

x = 5

Since the terms are already listed in order, we can simpy plug in x = 5 to the middle value to get 5 + 1 = 6 as the median term.

4

A store sells 17 coffee mugs for $169. Some of the mugs are $12 each and some are $7 each. How many $7 coffee mugs were sold?

6

7

8

9

10

Explanation

The answer is 7.

Write two independent equations that represent the problem.

x + y = 17 and 12_x_ + 7_y_ = 169

If we solve the first equation for x, we get x = 17 – y and we can plug this into the second equation.

12(17 – y) + 7_y_ = 169

204 – 12_y_ + 7_y_ =169

–5_y_ = –35

y = 7

5

Quantitative Comparison

Quantity A: x

Quantity B: 2_x_

Quantity A is greater.

Quantity B is greater.

The two quantities are equal.

The relationship cannot be determined from the information given.

Explanation

For a quantitative comparison question such as this one, it is best to first plug in the numbers 0, 1, and –1. Plugging in 0 gets the same answer for both columns. Plugging in 1 makes Quantity B bigger. Plugging in –1 makes Quantity A bigger. Therefore the answer cannot be determined.

6

How many square tiles, each with an area of 49 square inches, must be used to completely cover a floor with a width of 98 inches and a length of 49 inches.

2

7

14

84

98

Explanation

The answer is 98.

If the area of each square tile is 49 then each side of the tile is 7. The width of the floor is 98 so 14 tiles would fit across. The length of the floor is 49 so 7 tiles would fit down.

14 tiles * 7 tiles = 98 tiles total

7

Kim has 22 coins made up of quarters, nickles, and dimes that total $2.45. Kim has twice as many nickles as quarters. How many dimes does she have?

5

7

10

12

Cannot be determined

Explanation

The answer is 7.

Let us first write down three equations that represent the problem:

n + d + q = 22

2_q_ = n

5_n_ + 10_d_ + 25_q_ = 245

Lets plug the second equation into the first and third equations:

(2_q)_ + d + q = 22

5(2_q_) + 10_d_ + 25_q_ = 245

Solve the first equation for d and plug into the last equation:

d = 22 – 3_q_

10q + 10(22 – 3_q_) + 25_q_ = 245

Solve for q.

220 – 30_q_ + 25_q_ + 10_q_ = 245

5_q_ = 25

q = 5

Therefore, n = 10 and d = 7

8

A convinence store purchases coke cans at each and sells them for above cost.

Compare the two quantities are determine which is greater.

Explanation

is simply . is the profit the store makes on each can. Because the store buys the cans for and sells them for above cost, this means the can sells the . Therefore the store profits per can, meaning that Quantity B is larger than Quantity A.

9

In the equation ax + b = 32, x is a constant. If a = 3 when b = 2, what is a when b = 12?

2

3

7

10

13

Explanation

The answer is 2.

First solve for the constant x:

3_x_ + 2 = 32

x = 10

Now plug in x = 10 and b = 12:

a(10) + 12 = 32

a = 2

10

A specialty socket wrench, typically priced at $29.99, is on sale for 30% off. An additional 45% is discounted at the register. What is the final sale price of the wrench?

$11.55

$4.05

$4.95

$22.49

$7.50

Explanation

The answer is $11.55

The original cost is $29.99 but we are going to discount 30%, meaning we will only pay 70%. The new prices is 29.99 x 0.70 = $20.99.

The new price is then dicounted an additional 45%, meaning we will only pay 55% of the new price. The final price is 20.99 x 0.55 = $11.55.

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