Rock Formation and Transformation - Earth Science

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Question

Which of the following lists rocks that are metamorphic?

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Answer

Metamorphic rocks are any rock type that has been altered by heat, pressure, and/or the chemical action of fluids and gases. Metamorphic rocks are classified by their structure and their dominant minerals. Metamorphic rock structure is either foliated (has a definite planar structure) or nonfoliated (massive, without structure). Metamorphic rocks include slate, phyllite, schist, and gneiss.

Sedimentary rocks are layered rocks that are composed of accumulated sediments. Erosion and deposition play a key part in the formation of sedimentary rocks. Wind, water, ice, and chemicals break down existing rock into sediment that is then transported and deposited by wind, water, and glaciers. As sediment accumulates with time (thousands of years) it becomes compacted and cemented (lithified), eventually forming rock. Some common sedimentary rocks are shale, sandstone, limestone, and conglomerate.

Igneous rocks are those that solidify from a molten or partially molten state. These rocks are characterized as either extrusive or intrusive. Extrusive rocks are formed above Earth’s surface as lava. Intrusive rocks form from molten material (magma) that flows and solidifies underground. Types of igneous rocks include basalt, granite, pumice, and obsidian.

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