Apply Capital Gain And Loss Rules
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CPA Regulation (REG) › Apply Capital Gain And Loss Rules
In 2025, Dana (married filing jointly) has $240,000 of taxable income before capital gains and losses. Dana sold stock held 19 months for a $5,000 loss and sold stock held 4 months for a $1,000 gain; Dana also sold investment land held 2 years for a $9,000 gain. What is Dana’s net capital gain/loss for 2025?
Net capital loss of $5,000
Net capital gain of $10,000
Net capital gain of $4,000
Net capital gain of $5,000
Explanation
The capital gain and loss rules tested here involve classifying gains and losses as short-term or long-term based on holding periods and netting them accordingly to determine the net capital gain or loss. Key facts include the stock held 19 months as a long-term loss of $5,000, stock held 4 months as a short-term gain of $1,000, and land held 2 years as a long-term gain of $9,000, resulting in a net short-term gain of $1,000 and a net long-term gain of $4,000. The correct answer of a net capital gain of $5,000 aligns with IRS guidance by combining the net short-term gain with the net long-term gain when both are positive. Choice B is incorrect because it overstates the gain by ignoring the loss; choice C wrongly calculates a loss by focusing on the long-term loss; and choice D reports a partial net incorrectly. To apply capital gain and loss rules in similar scenarios, first categorize each transaction by holding period—short-term for one year or less, long-term for more than one year—and compute separate nets for each category. Then, offset any opposing nets between short-term and long-term to arrive at the overall net capital gain or loss, ensuring compliance with IRS netting procedures.
In 2025, Riley (single) has $50,000 of taxable income before capital gains and losses. Riley sold stock held 13 months for a $6,000 gain and sold corporate bonds held 9 months for a $2,000 loss; Riley also sold investment real estate held 5 years for a $1,000 loss. What is Riley’s net capital gain/loss for 2025?
Net capital gain of $3,000
Net capital loss of $3,000
Net capital gain of $5,000
Net capital gain of $4,000
Explanation
The capital gain and loss rules tested here involve classifying gains and losses as short-term or long-term based on holding periods and netting them accordingly to determine the net capital gain or loss. Key facts include the stock held 13 months as a long-term gain of $6,000, bonds held 9 months as a short-term loss of $2,000, and real estate held 5 years as a long-term loss of $1,000, resulting in a net short-term loss of $2,000 and a net long-term gain of $5,000. The correct answer of a net capital gain of $3,000 aligns with IRS guidance by offsetting the net short-term loss against the net long-term gain to produce an overall net gain. Choice B is incorrect because it overstates the gain by ignoring the real estate loss; choice C wrongly calculates a loss by misnetting the long-term items; and choice D incorrectly adds losses without proper offsetting. To apply capital gain and loss rules in similar scenarios, first categorize each transaction by holding period—short-term for one year or less, long-term for more than one year—and compute separate nets for each category. Then, offset any opposing nets between short-term and long-term to arrive at the overall net capital gain or loss, ensuring compliance with IRS netting procedures.
In 2025, Avery (single) has $95,000 of taxable income before capital gains and losses. During the year, Avery sold publicly traded stock held 10 months for a $6,000 gain, sold corporate bonds held 18 months for a $4,000 loss, and sold a parcel of investment real estate held 3 years for a $12,000 gain. Assuming no other capital transactions, what is Avery’s net capital gain/loss for 2025?
Net capital gain of $18,000
Net capital gain of $8,000
Net capital gain of $2,000
Net capital gain of $14,000
Explanation
The capital gain and loss rules tested here involve classifying gains and losses as short-term or long-term based on holding periods and netting them accordingly to determine the net capital gain or loss. Key facts include the stock held 10 months as a short-term gain of $6,000, bonds held 18 months as a long-term loss of $4,000, and real estate held 3 years as a long-term gain of $12,000, resulting in a net short-term gain of $6,000 and a net long-term gain of $8,000. The correct answer of a net capital gain of $14,000 aligns with IRS guidance by combining the net short-term gain with the net long-term gain when both are positive. Choice B is incorrect because it mistakenly nets only the long-term items without including the short-term gain, while choice C incorrectly adds all gains without offsetting the loss, and choice D wrongly offsets the short-term gain against only part of the long-term items. To apply capital gain and loss rules in similar scenarios, first categorize each transaction by holding period—short-term for one year or less, long-term for more than one year—and compute separate nets for each category. Then, offset any opposing nets between short-term and long-term to arrive at the overall net capital gain or loss, ensuring compliance with IRS netting procedures.
In 2025, Quinn (single) has $105,000 of taxable income before capital gains and losses. Quinn sold stock held 9 months for a $5,500 gain and sold stock held 2 years for a $1,500 loss; Quinn also sold investment land held 12 years for a $2,000 loss. What is Quinn’s net capital gain/loss for 2025?
Net capital loss of $2,000
Net capital gain of $5,500
Net capital gain of $1,500
Net capital gain of $2,000
Explanation
The capital gain and loss rules tested here involve classifying gains and losses as short-term or long-term based on holding periods and netting them accordingly to determine the net capital gain or loss. Key facts include the stock held 9 months as a short-term gain of $5,500, stock held 2 years as a long-term loss of $1,500, and land held 12 years as a long-term loss of $2,000, resulting in a net short-term gain of $5,500 and a net long-term loss of $3,500. The correct answer of a net capital gain of $2,000 aligns with IRS guidance by offsetting the net short-term gain against the net long-term loss to produce an overall net gain. Choice B is incorrect because it reports only the short-term gain without offsetting; choice C wrongly mirrors the gain as a loss; and choice D calculates an incomplete net by ignoring one loss. To apply capital gain and loss rules in similar scenarios, first categorize each transaction by holding period—short-term for one year or less, long-term for more than one year—and compute separate nets for each category. Then, offset any opposing nets between short-term and long-term to arrive at the overall net capital gain or loss, ensuring compliance with IRS netting procedures.
In 2025, Robin (single) has $65,000 of taxable income before capital gains and losses. Robin sold stock held 6 months for a $7,000 loss and sold corporate bonds held 3 years for a $2,500 gain; Robin also sold investment real estate held 2 years for a $1,500 gain. What is Robin’s net capital gain/loss for 2025?
Net capital loss of $7,000
Net capital loss of $2,000
Net capital gain of $4,000
Net capital loss of $3,000
Explanation
The capital gain and loss rules tested here involve classifying gains and losses as short-term or long-term based on holding periods and netting them accordingly to determine the net capital gain or loss. Key facts include the stock held 6 months as a short-term loss of $7,000, bonds held 3 years as a long-term gain of $2,500, and real estate held 2 years as a long-term gain of $1,500, resulting in a net short-term loss of $7,000 and a net long-term gain of $4,000. The correct answer of a net capital loss of $3,000 aligns with IRS guidance by offsetting the net long-term gain against the net short-term loss to produce an overall net loss. Choice B is incorrect because it understates the loss; choice C wrongly calculates a gain by ignoring the larger loss; and choice D reports only the short-term loss without offsetting. To apply capital gain and loss rules in similar scenarios, first categorize each transaction by holding period—short-term for one year or less, long-term for more than one year—and compute separate nets for each category. Then, offset any opposing nets between short-term and long-term to arrive at the overall net capital gain or loss, ensuring compliance with IRS netting procedures.
In 2025, Alex (single) has $200,000 of taxable income before capital gains and losses. Alex sold stock held 2 years for a $20,000 gain and sold corporate bonds held 8 months for a $6,000 loss; Alex also sold investment land held 11 months for a $3,000 gain. What is Alex’s net capital gain/loss for 2025?
Net capital gain of $17,000
Net capital gain of $14,000
Net capital gain of $23,000
Net capital gain of $11,000
Explanation
The capital gain and loss rules tested here involve classifying gains and losses as short-term or long-term based on holding periods and netting them accordingly to determine the net capital gain or loss. Key facts include the stock held 2 years as a long-term gain of $20,000, bonds held 8 months as a short-term loss of $6,000, and land held 11 months as a short-term gain of $3,000, resulting in a net short-term loss of $3,000 and a net long-term gain of $20,000. The correct answer of a net capital gain of $17,000 aligns with IRS guidance by offsetting the net short-term loss against the net long-term gain to produce an overall net gain. Choice B is incorrect because it understates the gain by misnetting short-term items; choice C reports an intermediate net; and choice D overstates by ignoring losses. To apply capital gain and loss rules in similar scenarios, first categorize each transaction by holding period—short-term for one year or less, long-term for more than one year—and compute separate nets for each category. Then, offset any opposing nets between short-term and long-term to arrive at the overall net capital gain or loss, ensuring compliance with IRS netting procedures.
In 2025, Parker (single) has $30,000 of taxable income before capital gains and losses. Parker sold stock held 13 months for a $2,000 loss and sold corporate bonds held 7 months for a $900 gain; Parker also sold investment land held 15 months for a $1,500 gain. What is Parker’s net capital gain/loss for 2025?
Net capital loss of $400
Net capital gain of $2,400
Net capital loss of $2,000
Net capital gain of $400
Explanation
The capital gain and loss rules tested here involve classifying gains and losses as short-term or long-term based on holding periods and netting them accordingly to determine the net capital gain or loss. Key facts include the stock held 13 months as a long-term loss of $2,000, bonds held 7 months as a short-term gain of $900, and land held 15 months as a long-term gain of $1,500, resulting in a net short-term gain of $900 and a net long-term loss of $500. The correct answer of a net capital gain of $400 aligns with IRS guidance by offsetting the net long-term loss against the net short-term gain to produce an overall net gain. Choice B is incorrect because it mirrors the gain as a loss; choice C overstates by misnetting; and choice D reports only the stock loss without offsetting. To apply capital gain and loss rules in similar scenarios, first categorize each transaction by holding period—short-term for one year or less, long-term for more than one year—and compute separate nets for each category. Then, offset any opposing nets between short-term and long-term to arrive at the overall net capital gain or loss, ensuring compliance with IRS netting procedures.
In 2025, Pat (married filing jointly) has $300,000 of taxable income before capital gains and losses. Pat sold corporate bonds held 13 months for a $10,000 gain and sold stock held 10 months for a $4,000 loss; Pat also sold investment real estate held 2 years for a $1,000 loss. What is Pat’s net capital gain/loss for 2025?
Net capital loss of $5,000
Net capital gain of $10,000
Net capital gain of $5,000
Net capital gain of $6,000
Explanation
The capital gain and loss rules tested here involve classifying gains and losses as short-term or long-term based on holding periods and netting them accordingly to determine the net capital gain or loss. Key facts include the bonds held 13 months as a long-term gain of $10,000, stock held 10 months as a short-term loss of $4,000, and real estate held 2 years as a long-term loss of $1,000, resulting in a net short-term loss of $4,000 and a net long-term gain of $9,000. The correct answer of a net capital gain of $5,000 aligns with IRS guidance by offsetting the net short-term loss against the net long-term gain to produce an overall net gain. Choice B is incorrect because it understates the gain by double-counting losses; choice C wrongly calculates a loss by reversing the nets; and choice D reports only the bonds gain without netting. To apply capital gain and loss rules in similar scenarios, first categorize each transaction by holding period—short-term for one year or less, long-term for more than one year—and compute separate nets for each category. Then, offset any opposing nets between short-term and long-term to arrive at the overall net capital gain or loss, ensuring compliance with IRS netting procedures.
In 2025, Jordan (head of household) has $70,000 of taxable income before capital gains and losses. Jordan sold corporate bonds held 11 months for a $3,500 gain and sold stock held 4 years for a $10,000 loss; Jordan also sold a rental condo held 2 years for a $2,000 gain. What is Jordan’s net capital gain/loss for 2025?
Net capital gain of $5,500
Net capital gain of $1,500
Net capital loss of $8,000
Net capital loss of $4,500
Explanation
The capital gain and loss rules tested here involve classifying gains and losses as short-term or long-term based on holding periods and netting them accordingly to determine the net capital gain or loss. Key facts include the bonds held 11 months as a short-term gain of $3,500, stock held 4 years as a long-term loss of $10,000, and condo held 2 years as a long-term gain of $2,000, resulting in a net short-term gain of $3,500 and a net long-term loss of $8,000. The correct answer of a net capital loss of $4,500 aligns with IRS guidance by offsetting the net short-term gain against the net long-term loss to produce an overall net loss. Choice B is incorrect because it mistakenly calculates a gain by ignoring the larger long-term loss; choice C wrongly reports the full long-term loss without offsetting the short-term gain; and choice D incorrectly nets to a gain by misclassifying the condo gain. To apply capital gain and loss rules in similar scenarios, first categorize each transaction by holding period—short-term for one year or less, long-term for more than one year—and compute separate nets for each category. Then, offset any opposing nets between short-term and long-term to arrive at the overall net capital gain or loss, ensuring compliance with IRS netting procedures.
In 2025, Reese (single) has $115,000 of taxable income before capital gains and losses. Reese sold corporate bonds held 2 years for a $4,500 gain and sold stock held 9 months for a $2,500 gain; Reese also sold investment land held 6 years for a $10,000 loss. What is Reese’s net capital gain/loss for 2025?
Net capital loss of $3,000
Net capital gain of $2,000
Net capital loss of $5,500
Net capital gain of $7,000
Explanation
The capital gain and loss rules tested here involve classifying gains and losses as short-term or long-term based on holding periods and netting them accordingly to determine the net capital gain or loss. Key facts include the bonds held 2 years as a long-term gain of $4,500, stock held 9 months as a short-term gain of $2,500, and land held 6 years as a long-term loss of $10,000, resulting in a net short-term gain of $2,500 and a net long-term loss of $5,500. The correct answer of a net capital loss of $3,000 aligns with IRS guidance by offsetting the net short-term gain against the net long-term loss to produce an overall net loss. Choice B is incorrect because it reports the long-term loss without full offsetting; choice C wrongly calculates a gain by ignoring the loss; and choice D understates the gain incorrectly. To apply capital gain and loss rules in similar scenarios, first categorize each transaction by holding period—short-term for one year or less, long-term for more than one year—and compute separate nets for each category. Then, offset any opposing nets between short-term and long-term to arrive at the overall net capital gain or loss, ensuring compliance with IRS netting procedures.