The road isn't always sunny and dry. As a commercial driver, you'll often face challenging weather and road conditions that demand extra caution and skill. Driving a heavy vehicle in rain, snow, ice, or fog requires more than just slowing down; it requires a deep understanding of how these conditions affect your vehicle and your ability to control it.

Driving in Rain

Rain drastically reduces visibility and tire traction.

• Slow Down: Reduce your speed significantly. Wet roads mean much longer stopping distances.
• Increase Following Distance: Double or triple your normal following distance. Remember, \( \text{Stopping Distance} = \text{Perception Distance} + \text{Reaction Distance} + \text{Braking Distance} \), and braking distance on wet roads is vastly extended.
• Hydroplaning: This happens when your tires ride on a film of water, losing contact with the road. It's more likely at higher speeds or with worn tires. If you feel it, ease off the accelerator, don't brake hard, and steer straight until you regain traction.
• Visibility: Use your low-beam headlights (required in many states when wipers are on), and keep your windshield clean.

Driving in Snow and Ice

These are perhaps the most dangerous conditions due to extremely low traction.

• Slow Way Down: Your speed should be crawling, not cruising.
• Engine Braking: Use lower gears to slow down and descend hills. This helps prevent skids and saves your service brakes.
• Gentle Inputs: Accelerate gently, steer gently, and brake gently. Sudden movements will cause skids.
• Black Ice: A thin, invisible layer of ice that's super dangerous. It often forms on bridges, overpasses, and shaded areas. If you suspect black ice, ease off the gas and don't make sudden moves.
• Chains: In severe snow or ice, you may be required to put on tire chains for traction. Know how to do it!

Driving in Fog

Fog greatly reduces visibility, making it hard to see other vehicles, road signs, and hazards.

• Use Low Beams/Fog Lights: High beams reflect off the fog and make visibility worse.
• Slow Down: Adjust your speed so you can stop within your visible range.
• Increase Following Distance: Give yourself massive amounts of space.
• Use Wipers/Defroster: Keep your windshield clear.
• If Visibility is Zero: If you can't see anything, pull off the road safely, activate your hazard lights, and wait for conditions to improve.

Driving in Strong Winds

High winds can be tricky for tall, long CMVs, especially when empty.

• Hold Steering Wheel Firmly: Crosswinds can push your vehicle around.
• Anticipate Gusts: Be prepared for sudden gusts when exiting tunnels or passing large buildings.
• Watch for Lightweight Vehicles: Other vehicles may be affected more severely.
• Empty Trailers: An empty trailer is more susceptible to swaying in high winds.

Night Driving

Even clear nights pose challenges.

• Reduce Speed: Your visibility is reduced, so slow down.
• Use Headlights: High beams when appropriate, low beams when meeting or following other vehicles.
• Watch for Fatigue: Night driving can be more tiring.
• Beware of "Hydroplaning" on Dark Roads: Puddles can be harder to spot.