Driving a commercial vehicle is a whole different ballgame compared to a car. These giants require precision and practice, especially when it comes to basic control actions like shifting, backing, and turning. Mastering these skills is key to being a safe and efficient driver.

Shifting Gears

If you're driving a manual transmission CMV, shifting gears correctly is crucial for smooth operation and fuel efficiency. It's not just about speed; it's about matching engine RPMs to road speed, especially on hills.

• Upshifting: As you gain speed, you'll shift to a higher gear. This involves releasing the accelerator, pressing the clutch, shifting, and then slowly releasing the clutch while giving it some gas.
• Downshifting: When you slow down or approach a hill, you'll need to downshift. This helps you maintain control and uses the engine's braking power. It often involves double-clutching: pressing the clutch, shifting to neutral, releasing the clutch, pressing the accelerator to rev the engine, pressing the clutch again, shifting to the lower gear, and then releasing the clutch. Sounds tricky, but with practice, it becomes second nature!
• Automatics: Many modern CMVs have automatic or automated manual transmissions, which simplify shifting, but you still need to understand how they work and when to use manual modes for hills or heavy loads.

Steering and Turning

CMVs are long and wide, which means turns require extra planning and space.

• Wide Turns: You've probably seen a big truck "swing out" to make a turn. This isn't because the driver is bad; it's necessary! Trucks need more space to turn without hitting curbs, poles, or other vehicles. For right turns, you often need to swing slightly left before turning right (but avoid swinging so wide that a car can sneak up your right side!). For left turns, you'll usually need more space on the inside.
• Mirror Use: Your mirrors are your best friends! Constantly check them to monitor your trailer and clearance around the vehicle.

Backing Safely

Backing up a CMV, especially with a trailer, is one of the trickiest maneuvers. It's where most accidents happen in yards and docks.

• Get Out And Look (GOAL): Before backing, always get out of your truck and walk around to check for obstacles, overhead clearances, and people. No surprises!
• Use a Spotter: If possible, have someone guide you. Make sure you agree on clear hand signals and can see them at all times.
• Know Your Blind Spots: CMVs have massive blind spots. Be aware of them and use your mirrors effectively.
• Practice: The more you practice, the better you'll get. Remember that backing a trailer means turning the steering wheel in the opposite direction you want the trailer to go initially.
• Back Slowly: Take your time. Small steering adjustments are better than big ones.

Braking

Understanding how to brake a CMV is vital. Stopping distances are much longer than for cars, especially when fully loaded.

• Controlled Braking: Apply firm, steady pressure, then ease off as you slow down.
• Stab Braking: For emergencies, apply brakes fully until wheels almost lock, release to regain control, then reapply.
• Using Engine Brakes: For long downgrades, use lower gears to help slow the vehicle. This saves your service brakes from overheating and failing.