Merce Cunningham followed in the footsteps of pioneering modern dance choreographers like Martha Graham and Isadora Duncan, pushing the boundaries of movement and form. One of his particular contributions was by constantly producing work by collaborating with various other artists. His most famous and long lasting partnership was with the avant-garde composer John Cage.

Alvin Ailey was significant in the history of dance as being one of the first prominent African-American choreographers to lead his own dance company. Ailey significantly contributed to dance by fusing the then-current forms of Modern dance in the 1950s with African-American vernacular dancing. The Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater gained the nickname "The Cultural Ambassador to the World."