Understanding Speciation - Biology

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A certain type of flower used to grow on both sides of the Amazon River. However, over time, the salinity of the soil on the north side grew significantly, while the salinity on the south side stayed the same. Over time, the flowers on one side became unable to reproduce with the flowers growing along the opposite bank because their offspring could not survive in the saline conditions; however, these plants were formerly of the same species.

What type of speciation is described?

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Answer

Parapatric speciation is a type of speciation that occurs when an extreme change in habitat occurs and separates a species from members of its groups. This does not have to do with geographic barriers, but a difference in climates or conditions. In this case, the salinity of the soil on one side separated the flowers from mating with their own species, thus delineating them.

Allopatric speciation is a separation of species due to geographic location. For example, the speciation of Darwin's finches is allopatric speciation—the finches eventually lost the ability to interbreed due to being on separate islands.

Sympatric speciation is when a species is still in the same geographic location, but becomes reproductively isolated. This usually happens through a mutation during reproduction when the offspring recieves twice the number of normal chromosomes. This individual possesses a quality called tetraploidy, and cannot reproduce with other diploids.

Peripatric is similar to allopatric speciation in that the individuals are separated by geographic barriers. However, the main difference is that the group that is broken off is much smaller and may possess a certain quality or trait that, due to the small group, is made a more predominant quality or trait.

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