Model Matter and Energy Cycling - Biology
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What form of energy is captured by photosynthesis to build glucose?
What form of energy is captured by photosynthesis to build glucose?
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Light (radiant) energy from the Sun. Solar energy provides the power to drive photosynthetic reactions.
Light (radiant) energy from the Sun. Solar energy provides the power to drive photosynthetic reactions.
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Which gas is consumed during photosynthesis and often reduces atmospheric $CO_2$?
Which gas is consumed during photosynthesis and often reduces atmospheric $CO_2$?
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$CO_2$. Plants absorb this gas from air to build glucose molecules.
$CO_2$. Plants absorb this gas from air to build glucose molecules.
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What is the overall balanced chemical equation for aerobic cellular respiration (using glucose)?
What is the overall balanced chemical equation for aerobic cellular respiration (using glucose)?
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$C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + \text{ATP}$. Breaks down glucose with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide, water, and ATP.
$C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + \text{ATP}$. Breaks down glucose with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide, water, and ATP.
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Which process is occurring if a cell consumes $O_2$ and releases $CO_2$ while making ATP?
Which process is occurring if a cell consumes $O_2$ and releases $CO_2$ while making ATP?
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Aerobic cellular respiration. These are the characteristic inputs and outputs of cellular respiration.
Aerobic cellular respiration. These are the characteristic inputs and outputs of cellular respiration.
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Identify the process: $C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + \text{ATP}$.
Identify the process: $C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + \text{ATP}$.
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Aerobic cellular respiration. This equation shows glucose being oxidized to release energy as ATP.
Aerobic cellular respiration. This equation shows glucose being oxidized to release energy as ATP.
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Identify the process: $6CO_2 + 6H_2O + \text{light} \rightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2$.
Identify the process: $6CO_2 + 6H_2O + \text{light} \rightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2$.
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Photosynthesis. This equation shows light energy converting $CO_2$ and water into glucose.
Photosynthesis. This equation shows light energy converting $CO_2$ and water into glucose.
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Find the missing coefficient: $C_6H_{12}O_6 + _O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O$.
Find the missing coefficient: $C_6H_{12}O_6 + _O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O$.
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$6$. Balance requires 6 oxygen molecules to produce 6 $CO_2$ molecules.
$6$. Balance requires 6 oxygen molecules to produce 6 $CO_2$ molecules.
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Find the missing coefficient: $_CO_2 + 6H_2O \rightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2$.
Find the missing coefficient: $_CO_2 + 6H_2O \rightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2$.
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$6$. Balance requires 6 carbon atoms on each side of the equation.
$6$. Balance requires 6 carbon atoms on each side of the equation.
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Identify the correct matching: chloroplast function or mitochondrion function?
Identify the correct matching: chloroplast function or mitochondrion function?
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Chloroplast: makes sugars; mitochondrion: makes ATP from sugars. Each organelle has a distinct role in energy conversion processes.
Chloroplast: makes sugars; mitochondrion: makes ATP from sugars. Each organelle has a distinct role in energy conversion processes.
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Which process builds glucose from smaller molecules: photosynthesis or respiration?
Which process builds glucose from smaller molecules: photosynthesis or respiration?
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Photosynthesis. This process uses energy to assemble glucose from carbon dioxide.
Photosynthesis. This process uses energy to assemble glucose from carbon dioxide.
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Which process breaks down glucose to release energy: photosynthesis or respiration?
Which process breaks down glucose to release energy: photosynthesis or respiration?
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Cellular respiration. This process breaks chemical bonds to release stored energy.
Cellular respiration. This process breaks chemical bonds to release stored energy.
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Identify whether aerobic cellular respiration is endergonic or exergonic overall.
Identify whether aerobic cellular respiration is endergonic or exergonic overall.
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Exergonic (releases energy). This process releases energy by breaking down glucose molecules.
Exergonic (releases energy). This process releases energy by breaking down glucose molecules.
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Identify whether photosynthesis is endergonic or exergonic overall.
Identify whether photosynthesis is endergonic or exergonic overall.
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Endergonic (requires energy input). This process requires energy input to build glucose from smaller molecules.
Endergonic (requires energy input). This process requires energy input to build glucose from smaller molecules.
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What is the main carbon-containing product exported from the Calvin cycle (simplified for HS biology)?
What is the main carbon-containing product exported from the Calvin cycle (simplified for HS biology)?
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Sugar (ultimately glucose, $C_6H_{12}O_6$). The Calvin cycle produces this organic molecule from $CO_2$ fixation.
Sugar (ultimately glucose, $C_6H_{12}O_6$). The Calvin cycle produces this organic molecule from $CO_2$ fixation.
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What is the immediate energy product of light-dependent reactions used to power sugar synthesis?
What is the immediate energy product of light-dependent reactions used to power sugar synthesis?
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ATP and NADPH. These energy carriers power the Calvin cycle reactions.
ATP and NADPH. These energy carriers power the Calvin cycle reactions.
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Choose the correct direction of carbon dioxide cycling between the two processes.
Choose the correct direction of carbon dioxide cycling between the two processes.
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Respiration produces $CO_2$; photosynthesis consumes $CO_2$. These processes cycle carbon dioxide in opposite directions.
Respiration produces $CO_2$; photosynthesis consumes $CO_2$. These processes cycle carbon dioxide in opposite directions.
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Choose the correct direction of oxygen cycling between the two processes.
Choose the correct direction of oxygen cycling between the two processes.
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Photosynthesis produces $O_2$; respiration consumes $O_2$. These processes cycle oxygen in opposite directions between organisms and atmosphere.
Photosynthesis produces $O_2$; respiration consumes $O_2$. These processes cycle oxygen in opposite directions between organisms and atmosphere.
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Which statement best describes energy flow in ecosystems involving these processes?
Which statement best describes energy flow in ecosystems involving these processes?
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Energy enters as light and leaves as heat; it does not cycle. Energy flows one-way through ecosystems and is ultimately lost as heat.
Energy enters as light and leaves as heat; it does not cycle. Energy flows one-way through ecosystems and is ultimately lost as heat.
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Which statement best describes matter cycling between photosynthesis and respiration?
Which statement best describes matter cycling between photosynthesis and respiration?
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Atoms in $CO_2$, $H_2O$, glucose, and $O_2$ are rearranged and reused. Matter is conserved and recycled between these complementary processes.
Atoms in $CO_2$, $H_2O$, glucose, and $O_2$ are rearranged and reused. Matter is conserved and recycled between these complementary processes.
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Which process returns carbon from glucose to atmospheric $CO_2$?
Which process returns carbon from glucose to atmospheric $CO_2$?
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Cellular respiration. This process releases carbon from organic molecules back to the atmosphere.
Cellular respiration. This process releases carbon from organic molecules back to the atmosphere.
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Which process directly cycles carbon from atmospheric $CO_2$ into organic molecules?
Which process directly cycles carbon from atmospheric $CO_2$ into organic molecules?
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Photosynthesis (carbon fixation in the Calvin cycle). This process incorporates atmospheric carbon into organic compounds.
Photosynthesis (carbon fixation in the Calvin cycle). This process incorporates atmospheric carbon into organic compounds.
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What is the source of the $O_2$ released during photosynthesis: $CO_2$ or $H_2O$?
What is the source of the $O_2$ released during photosynthesis: $CO_2$ or $H_2O$?
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$H_2O$. Water molecules are split to provide electrons, releasing oxygen gas.
$H_2O$. Water molecules are split to provide electrons, releasing oxygen gas.
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Identify the waste product formed when $O_2$ accepts electrons and $H^+$ in aerobic respiration.
Identify the waste product formed when $O_2$ accepts electrons and $H^+$ in aerobic respiration.
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$H_2O$. Oxygen combines with electrons and protons to form this molecule.
$H_2O$. Oxygen combines with electrons and protons to form this molecule.
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Identify the molecule that is the final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration.
Identify the molecule that is the final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration.
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$O_2$. This molecule receives electrons at the end of the transport chain.
$O_2$. This molecule receives electrons at the end of the transport chain.
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Where is the electron transport chain located in mitochondria?
Where is the electron transport chain located in mitochondria?
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Inner mitochondrial membrane. This membrane contains the protein complexes that transport electrons.
Inner mitochondrial membrane. This membrane contains the protein complexes that transport electrons.
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What is the name of the respiration stage that uses a proton gradient to make most ATP?
What is the name of the respiration stage that uses a proton gradient to make most ATP?
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Oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport chain + chemiosmosis). This process uses electron flow to pump protons and synthesize ATP.
Oxidative phosphorylation (electron transport chain + chemiosmosis). This process uses electron flow to pump protons and synthesize ATP.
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Where does the Krebs cycle occur in eukaryotic cells?
Where does the Krebs cycle occur in eukaryotic cells?
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Mitochondrial matrix. This inner compartment houses the enzymes for the citric acid cycle.
Mitochondrial matrix. This inner compartment houses the enzymes for the citric acid cycle.
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What is the name of the cycle in mitochondria that releases $CO_2$ from acetyl-CoA?
What is the name of the cycle in mitochondria that releases $CO_2$ from acetyl-CoA?
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Krebs cycle (citric acid cycle). This cyclical pathway completely oxidizes acetyl groups to $CO_2$.
Krebs cycle (citric acid cycle). This cyclical pathway completely oxidizes acetyl groups to $CO_2$.
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Where in a eukaryotic cell does glycolysis occur?
Where in a eukaryotic cell does glycolysis occur?
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Cytoplasm (cytosol). This cellular compartment is where glucose is initially broken down.
Cytoplasm (cytosol). This cellular compartment is where glucose is initially broken down.
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What is the name of the first major stage of cellular respiration that splits glucose?
What is the name of the first major stage of cellular respiration that splits glucose?
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Glycolysis. This pathway breaks glucose into two pyruvate molecules.
Glycolysis. This pathway breaks glucose into two pyruvate molecules.
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