Biology Flashcards: Identify Cellular Respiration Components

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This deck focuses on Identify Cellular Respiration Components, giving you a quick way to review the definitions, rules, and examples that matter most for Biology.

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Flashcard 1: Which two substances are the main reactants of aerobic cellular respiration?

Answer: Glucose and oxygen ($\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6}$ and $\mathrm{O_2}$). Glucose provides carbon and energy; oxygen serves as the final electron acceptor.

Flashcard 2: Which three outputs are the main products of aerobic cellular respiration?

Answer: Carbon dioxide, water, and ATP ($\mathrm{CO_2}$, $\mathrm{H_2O}$, ATP). Carbon dioxide and water are waste products; ATP stores captured energy.

Flashcard 3: Identify the product formed when oxygen accepts electrons and hydrogen ions at the end.

Answer: Water ($\mathrm{H_2O}$). Forms when oxygen accepts electrons and combines with hydrogen ions.

Flashcard 4: In aerobic respiration, which molecule is the final product of energy capture for cell work?

Answer: ATP. ATP stores energy in phosphate bonds for cellular work.

Flashcard 5: Which reactant is required for aerobic respiration but not required for fermentation?

Answer: Oxygen ($\mathrm{O_2}$). Aerobic respiration requires oxygen; fermentation occurs without oxygen.

Flashcard 6: Identify the total number of $\mathrm{H_2O}$ molecules formed per glucose in the overall equation.

Answer: $6\ \mathrm{H_2O}$ per glucose. Water molecules form when oxygen accepts electrons and hydrogen ions.

Flashcard 7: Identify the total number of $\mathrm{CO_2}$ produced per glucose in aerobic respiration.

Answer: $6\ \mathrm{CO_2}$ per glucose. All 6 glucose carbons are eventually released as $\mathrm{CO_2}$ molecules.

Flashcard 8: Identify the stage that produces the most $\mathrm{CO_2}$ per glucose molecule.

Answer: Citric acid cycle ($4\ \mathrm{CO_2}$ per glucose). The citric acid cycle produces most $\mathrm{CO_2}$ per glucose molecule.

Flashcard 9: Identify the stage that produces acetyl-CoA as its key product.

Answer: Pyruvate oxidation (link reaction). Pyruvate is converted to acetyl-CoA during the link reaction.

Flashcard 10: Identify the stage that produces pyruvate as its main carbon product.

Answer: Glycolysis. Glycolysis breaks glucose into two 3-carbon pyruvate molecules.

Flashcard 11: Identify the stage that uses oxygen directly as a reactant.

Answer: Electron transport chain (oxidative phosphorylation). Oxygen serves as the final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration.

Flashcard 12: In aerobic respiration, which molecule is the final product of energy capture for cell work?

Answer: ATP. ATP stores energy in phosphate bonds for cellular work.

Flashcard 13: What is the product released as gas during pyruvate oxidation per pyruvate?

Answer: $1\ \mathrm{CO_2}$. One carbon is removed from each 3-carbon pyruvate as $\mathrm{CO_2}$.

Flashcard 14: Identify the two products of alcoholic fermentation from pyruvate (overall end products).

Answer: Ethanol and $\mathrm{CO_2}$ (and NAD$^+$ regenerated). Pyruvate loses $\mathrm{CO_2}$ then is reduced to ethanol by NADH.

Flashcard 15: Which molecule is regenerated as a product of fermentation to allow glycolysis to continue?

Answer: NAD$^+$. NAD$^+$ regeneration allows glycolysis to continue producing ATP.

Flashcard 16: Identify the two products of lactic acid fermentation from pyruvate reduction.

Answer: Lactate and NAD$^+$. Pyruvate is reduced to lactate while NADH is oxidized to NAD$^+$.

Flashcard 17: What is the net NADH product of glycolysis per glucose?

Answer: $2$ NADH. Two NADH molecules are formed during glucose oxidation in glycolysis.

Flashcard 18: Identify the reactant that serves as the final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration.

Answer: Oxygen ($\mathrm{O_2}$). Oxygen accepts electrons at the end of the electron transport chain.

Flashcard 19: Identify the product that contains the carbon atoms originally found in glucose.

Answer: Carbon dioxide ($\mathrm{CO_2}$). Glucose carbons are oxidized and released as $\mathrm{CO_2}$ waste.

Flashcard 20: What is the overall balanced equation for aerobic cellular respiration (using formulas)?

Answer: $\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + ATP}$. Shows glucose and oxygen converted to carbon dioxide, water, and energy (ATP).

Flashcard 21: Which stage directly produces water as a product: electron transport chain or glycolysis?

Answer: Electron transport chain (oxidative phosphorylation). Water forms when oxygen accepts electrons at the transport chain end.

Flashcard 22: Which process produces $\mathrm{CO_2}$ as a waste product: glycolysis or citric acid cycle?

Answer: Citric acid cycle. The citric acid cycle releases carbon atoms as $\mathrm{CO_2}$ waste.

Flashcard 23: Identify the molecule that is a product in respiration but a reactant in photosynthesis.

Answer: Carbon dioxide ($\mathrm{CO_2}$). These processes have opposite reactants and products for $\mathrm{CO_2}$.

Flashcard 24: Identify the molecule that is a reactant in respiration but a product in photosynthesis.

Answer: Glucose ($\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6}$). These processes have opposite reactants and products for glucose.

Flashcard 25: Identify the coefficient of water in $\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O}$.

Answer: $6$. The coefficient shows 6 water molecules are formed per glucose.

Flashcard 26: Identify the coefficient of carbon dioxide in $\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O}$.

Answer: $6$. The coefficient shows 6 carbon dioxide molecules are produced.

Flashcard 27: Which molecule is the immediate reactant reduced to lactate during lactic acid fermentation?

Answer: Pyruvate. Pyruvate accepts electrons from NADH to become lactate.

Flashcard 28: Identify the reactant that provides most of the carbon atoms in cellular respiration.

Answer: Glucose ($\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6}$). Glucose's 6 carbon atoms are released as $\mathrm{CO_2}$ during respiration.

Flashcard 29: Identify the coefficient of oxygen in $\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O}$.

Answer: $6$. The coefficient shows 6 oxygen molecules are needed per glucose.

Flashcard 30: In $\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O}$, identify the product gases.

Answer: Carbon dioxide ($6\ \mathrm{CO_2}$). Carbon dioxide gas is produced as waste during respiration.