Identify Cellular Respiration Components - Biology
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Which two substances are the main reactants of aerobic cellular respiration?
Which two substances are the main reactants of aerobic cellular respiration?
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Glucose and oxygen ($\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6}$ and $\mathrm{O_2}$). Glucose provides carbon and energy; oxygen serves as the final electron acceptor.
Glucose and oxygen ($\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6}$ and $\mathrm{O_2}$). Glucose provides carbon and energy; oxygen serves as the final electron acceptor.
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Which three outputs are the main products of aerobic cellular respiration?
Which three outputs are the main products of aerobic cellular respiration?
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Carbon dioxide, water, and ATP ($\mathrm{CO_2}$, $\mathrm{H_2O}$, ATP). Carbon dioxide and water are waste products; ATP stores captured energy.
Carbon dioxide, water, and ATP ($\mathrm{CO_2}$, $\mathrm{H_2O}$, ATP). Carbon dioxide and water are waste products; ATP stores captured energy.
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Identify the product formed when oxygen accepts electrons and hydrogen ions at the end.
Identify the product formed when oxygen accepts electrons and hydrogen ions at the end.
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Water ($\mathrm{H_2O}$). Forms when oxygen accepts electrons and combines with hydrogen ions.
Water ($\mathrm{H_2O}$). Forms when oxygen accepts electrons and combines with hydrogen ions.
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In aerobic respiration, which molecule is the final product of energy capture for cell work?
In aerobic respiration, which molecule is the final product of energy capture for cell work?
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ATP. ATP stores energy in phosphate bonds for cellular work.
ATP. ATP stores energy in phosphate bonds for cellular work.
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Which reactant is required for aerobic respiration but not required for fermentation?
Which reactant is required for aerobic respiration but not required for fermentation?
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Oxygen ($\mathrm{O_2}$). Aerobic respiration requires oxygen; fermentation occurs without oxygen.
Oxygen ($\mathrm{O_2}$). Aerobic respiration requires oxygen; fermentation occurs without oxygen.
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Identify the total number of $\mathrm{H_2O}$ molecules formed per glucose in the overall equation.
Identify the total number of $\mathrm{H_2O}$ molecules formed per glucose in the overall equation.
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$6\ \mathrm{H_2O}$ per glucose. Water molecules form when oxygen accepts electrons and hydrogen ions.
$6\ \mathrm{H_2O}$ per glucose. Water molecules form when oxygen accepts electrons and hydrogen ions.
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Identify the total number of $\mathrm{CO_2}$ produced per glucose in aerobic respiration.
Identify the total number of $\mathrm{CO_2}$ produced per glucose in aerobic respiration.
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$6\ \mathrm{CO_2}$ per glucose. All 6 glucose carbons are eventually released as $\mathrm{CO_2}$ molecules.
$6\ \mathrm{CO_2}$ per glucose. All 6 glucose carbons are eventually released as $\mathrm{CO_2}$ molecules.
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Identify the stage that produces the most $\mathrm{CO_2}$ per glucose molecule.
Identify the stage that produces the most $\mathrm{CO_2}$ per glucose molecule.
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Citric acid cycle ($4\ \mathrm{CO_2}$ per glucose). The citric acid cycle produces most $\mathrm{CO_2}$ per glucose molecule.
Citric acid cycle ($4\ \mathrm{CO_2}$ per glucose). The citric acid cycle produces most $\mathrm{CO_2}$ per glucose molecule.
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Identify the stage that produces acetyl-CoA as its key product.
Identify the stage that produces acetyl-CoA as its key product.
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Pyruvate oxidation (link reaction). Pyruvate is converted to acetyl-CoA during the link reaction.
Pyruvate oxidation (link reaction). Pyruvate is converted to acetyl-CoA during the link reaction.
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Identify the stage that produces pyruvate as its main carbon product.
Identify the stage that produces pyruvate as its main carbon product.
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Glycolysis. Glycolysis breaks glucose into two 3-carbon pyruvate molecules.
Glycolysis. Glycolysis breaks glucose into two 3-carbon pyruvate molecules.
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Identify the stage that uses oxygen directly as a reactant.
Identify the stage that uses oxygen directly as a reactant.
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Electron transport chain (oxidative phosphorylation). Oxygen serves as the final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration.
Electron transport chain (oxidative phosphorylation). Oxygen serves as the final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration.
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In aerobic respiration, which molecule is the final product of energy capture for cell work?
In aerobic respiration, which molecule is the final product of energy capture for cell work?
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ATP. ATP stores energy in phosphate bonds for cellular work.
ATP. ATP stores energy in phosphate bonds for cellular work.
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What is the product released as gas during pyruvate oxidation per pyruvate?
What is the product released as gas during pyruvate oxidation per pyruvate?
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$1\ \mathrm{CO_2}$. One carbon is removed from each 3-carbon pyruvate as $\mathrm{CO_2}$.
$1\ \mathrm{CO_2}$. One carbon is removed from each 3-carbon pyruvate as $\mathrm{CO_2}$.
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Identify the two products of alcoholic fermentation from pyruvate (overall end products).
Identify the two products of alcoholic fermentation from pyruvate (overall end products).
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Ethanol and $\mathrm{CO_2}$ (and NAD$^+$ regenerated). Pyruvate loses $\mathrm{CO_2}$ then is reduced to ethanol by NADH.
Ethanol and $\mathrm{CO_2}$ (and NAD$^+$ regenerated). Pyruvate loses $\mathrm{CO_2}$ then is reduced to ethanol by NADH.
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Which molecule is regenerated as a product of fermentation to allow glycolysis to continue?
Which molecule is regenerated as a product of fermentation to allow glycolysis to continue?
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NAD$^+$. NAD$^+$ regeneration allows glycolysis to continue producing ATP.
NAD$^+$. NAD$^+$ regeneration allows glycolysis to continue producing ATP.
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Identify the two products of lactic acid fermentation from pyruvate reduction.
Identify the two products of lactic acid fermentation from pyruvate reduction.
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Lactate and NAD$^+$. Pyruvate is reduced to lactate while NADH is oxidized to NAD$^+$.
Lactate and NAD$^+$. Pyruvate is reduced to lactate while NADH is oxidized to NAD$^+$.
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What is the net NADH product of glycolysis per glucose?
What is the net NADH product of glycolysis per glucose?
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$2$ NADH. Two NADH molecules are formed during glucose oxidation in glycolysis.
$2$ NADH. Two NADH molecules are formed during glucose oxidation in glycolysis.
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Identify the reactant that serves as the final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration.
Identify the reactant that serves as the final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration.
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Oxygen ($\mathrm{O_2}$). Oxygen accepts electrons at the end of the electron transport chain.
Oxygen ($\mathrm{O_2}$). Oxygen accepts electrons at the end of the electron transport chain.
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Identify the product that contains the carbon atoms originally found in glucose.
Identify the product that contains the carbon atoms originally found in glucose.
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Carbon dioxide ($\mathrm{CO_2}$). Glucose carbons are oxidized and released as $\mathrm{CO_2}$ waste.
Carbon dioxide ($\mathrm{CO_2}$). Glucose carbons are oxidized and released as $\mathrm{CO_2}$ waste.
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What is the overall balanced equation for aerobic cellular respiration (using formulas)?
What is the overall balanced equation for aerobic cellular respiration (using formulas)?
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$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + ATP}$. Shows glucose and oxygen converted to carbon dioxide, water, and energy (ATP).
$\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + ATP}$. Shows glucose and oxygen converted to carbon dioxide, water, and energy (ATP).
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Which stage directly produces water as a product: electron transport chain or glycolysis?
Which stage directly produces water as a product: electron transport chain or glycolysis?
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Electron transport chain (oxidative phosphorylation). Water forms when oxygen accepts electrons at the transport chain end.
Electron transport chain (oxidative phosphorylation). Water forms when oxygen accepts electrons at the transport chain end.
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Which process produces $\mathrm{CO_2}$ as a waste product: glycolysis or citric acid cycle?
Which process produces $\mathrm{CO_2}$ as a waste product: glycolysis or citric acid cycle?
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Citric acid cycle. The citric acid cycle releases carbon atoms as $\mathrm{CO_2}$ waste.
Citric acid cycle. The citric acid cycle releases carbon atoms as $\mathrm{CO_2}$ waste.
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Identify the molecule that is a product in respiration but a reactant in photosynthesis.
Identify the molecule that is a product in respiration but a reactant in photosynthesis.
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Carbon dioxide ($\mathrm{CO_2}$). These processes have opposite reactants and products for $\mathrm{CO_2}$.
Carbon dioxide ($\mathrm{CO_2}$). These processes have opposite reactants and products for $\mathrm{CO_2}$.
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Identify the molecule that is a reactant in respiration but a product in photosynthesis.
Identify the molecule that is a reactant in respiration but a product in photosynthesis.
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Glucose ($\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6}$). These processes have opposite reactants and products for glucose.
Glucose ($\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6}$). These processes have opposite reactants and products for glucose.
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Identify the coefficient of water in $\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O}$.
Identify the coefficient of water in $\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O}$.
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$6$. The coefficient shows 6 water molecules are formed per glucose.
$6$. The coefficient shows 6 water molecules are formed per glucose.
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Identify the coefficient of carbon dioxide in $\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O}$.
Identify the coefficient of carbon dioxide in $\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O}$.
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$6$. The coefficient shows 6 carbon dioxide molecules are produced.
$6$. The coefficient shows 6 carbon dioxide molecules are produced.
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Which molecule is the immediate reactant reduced to lactate during lactic acid fermentation?
Which molecule is the immediate reactant reduced to lactate during lactic acid fermentation?
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Pyruvate. Pyruvate accepts electrons from NADH to become lactate.
Pyruvate. Pyruvate accepts electrons from NADH to become lactate.
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Identify the reactant that provides most of the carbon atoms in cellular respiration.
Identify the reactant that provides most of the carbon atoms in cellular respiration.
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Glucose ($\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6}$). Glucose's 6 carbon atoms are released as $\mathrm{CO_2}$ during respiration.
Glucose ($\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6}$). Glucose's 6 carbon atoms are released as $\mathrm{CO_2}$ during respiration.
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Identify the coefficient of oxygen in $\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O}$.
Identify the coefficient of oxygen in $\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O}$.
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$6$. The coefficient shows 6 oxygen molecules are needed per glucose.
$6$. The coefficient shows 6 oxygen molecules are needed per glucose.
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In $\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O}$, identify the product gases.
In $\mathrm{C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O}$, identify the product gases.
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Carbon dioxide ($6\ \mathrm{CO_2}$). Carbon dioxide gas is produced as waste during respiration.
Carbon dioxide ($6\ \mathrm{CO_2}$). Carbon dioxide gas is produced as waste during respiration.
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