Explain Meiosis and Genetic Diversity - Biology
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Choose the word that completes the statement: Meiosis produces cells that are ____.
Choose the word that completes the statement: Meiosis produces cells that are ____.
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Haploid. Meiosis reduces chromosome number by half.
Haploid. Meiosis reduces chromosome number by half.
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What is the minimum number of genetically distinct gamete types from independent assortment for $n=10$?
What is the minimum number of genetically distinct gamete types from independent assortment for $n=10$?
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$2^{10} = 1024$. Ten chromosome pairs create many possible combinations.
$2^{10} = 1024$. Ten chromosome pairs create many possible combinations.
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Which process directly creates recombinant chromosomes: independent assortment or crossing over?
Which process directly creates recombinant chromosomes: independent assortment or crossing over?
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Crossing over. Physical exchange creates new chromosome combinations.
Crossing over. Physical exchange creates new chromosome combinations.
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What is mitosis?
What is mitosis?
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A one-division process producing two genetically identical cells. Maintains chromosome number for growth and tissue repair.
A one-division process producing two genetically identical cells. Maintains chromosome number for growth and tissue repair.
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What does diploid mean in terms of chromosome sets?
What does diploid mean in terms of chromosome sets?
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Two sets of chromosomes ($2n$). Contains chromosomes from both parents in body cells.
Two sets of chromosomes ($2n$). Contains chromosomes from both parents in body cells.
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Which process directly creates recombinant chromosomes: independent assortment or crossing over?
Which process directly creates recombinant chromosomes: independent assortment or crossing over?
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Crossing over. Physical exchange creates new chromosome combinations.
Crossing over. Physical exchange creates new chromosome combinations.
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Which process includes two nuclear divisions: mitosis or meiosis?
Which process includes two nuclear divisions: mitosis or meiosis?
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Meiosis. Two sequential divisions create four cells.
Meiosis. Two sequential divisions create four cells.
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Identify the phase when homologous pairs line up at the cell equator in meiosis.
Identify the phase when homologous pairs line up at the cell equator in meiosis.
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Metaphase I. Homologous pairs align rather than single chromosomes.
Metaphase I. Homologous pairs align rather than single chromosomes.
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What is a chiasma (plural chiasmata)?
What is a chiasma (plural chiasmata)?
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The visible site where crossing over occurs. Physical evidence of genetic material exchange.
The visible site where crossing over occurs. Physical evidence of genetic material exchange.
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In which meiosis phase does crossing over occur?
In which meiosis phase does crossing over occur?
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Prophase I. When homologs are paired and can exchange segments.
Prophase I. When homologs are paired and can exchange segments.
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What is the chromosome number change in mitosis from start to finish?
What is the chromosome number change in mitosis from start to finish?
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Chromosome number stays the same. Diploid parent produces diploid daughter cells.
Chromosome number stays the same. Diploid parent produces diploid daughter cells.
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What is meiosis?
What is meiosis?
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A two-division process producing four haploid gametes. This reduction division creates sex cells for reproduction.
A two-division process producing four haploid gametes. This reduction division creates sex cells for reproduction.
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What is mitosis?
What is mitosis?
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A one-division process producing two genetically identical cells. Maintains chromosome number for growth and tissue repair.
A one-division process producing two genetically identical cells. Maintains chromosome number for growth and tissue repair.
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Which type of cell division produces gametes in animals: mitosis or meiosis?
Which type of cell division produces gametes in animals: mitosis or meiosis?
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Meiosis. Only meiosis reduces chromosome number to create sex cells.
Meiosis. Only meiosis reduces chromosome number to create sex cells.
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Which type of cell division is primarily used for growth and repair: mitosis or meiosis?
Which type of cell division is primarily used for growth and repair: mitosis or meiosis?
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Mitosis. Maintains diploid chromosome number for body cell replacement.
Mitosis. Maintains diploid chromosome number for body cell replacement.
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What is the chromosome number change in meiosis from start to finish?
What is the chromosome number change in meiosis from start to finish?
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Diploid to haploid (reduction division). Meiosis halves chromosome number from parent to gamete.
Diploid to haploid (reduction division). Meiosis halves chromosome number from parent to gamete.
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What does diploid mean in terms of chromosome sets?
What does diploid mean in terms of chromosome sets?
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Two sets of chromosomes ($2n$). Contains chromosomes from both parents in body cells.
Two sets of chromosomes ($2n$). Contains chromosomes from both parents in body cells.
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What does haploid mean in terms of chromosome sets?
What does haploid mean in terms of chromosome sets?
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One set of chromosomes ($n$). Found in gametes with half the chromosome number.
One set of chromosomes ($n$). Found in gametes with half the chromosome number.
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What are homologous chromosomes?
What are homologous chromosomes?
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A maternal and paternal pair with the same genes. Carry the same genes but may have different alleles.
A maternal and paternal pair with the same genes. Carry the same genes but may have different alleles.
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What are sister chromatids?
What are sister chromatids?
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Identical copies of one chromosome joined at a centromere. Result from DNA replication before cell division.
Identical copies of one chromosome joined at a centromere. Result from DNA replication before cell division.
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What is a tetrad (bivalent) in meiosis?
What is a tetrad (bivalent) in meiosis?
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Paired homologous chromosomes with four chromatids total. Forms when homologs pair during prophase I.
Paired homologous chromosomes with four chromatids total. Forms when homologs pair during prophase I.
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What is synapsis in meiosis?
What is synapsis in meiosis?
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Pairing of homologous chromosomes during prophase I. Essential for crossing over and genetic recombination.
Pairing of homologous chromosomes during prophase I. Essential for crossing over and genetic recombination.
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What is crossing over?
What is crossing over?
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Exchange of DNA between non-sister chromatids of homologs. Creates new allele combinations on chromosomes.
Exchange of DNA between non-sister chromatids of homologs. Creates new allele combinations on chromosomes.
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Which meiosis division separates homologous chromosomes: meiosis I or meiosis II?
Which meiosis division separates homologous chromosomes: meiosis I or meiosis II?
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Meiosis I. Reduces chromosome number by half in first division.
Meiosis I. Reduces chromosome number by half in first division.
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Which meiosis division separates sister chromatids: meiosis I or meiosis II?
Which meiosis division separates sister chromatids: meiosis I or meiosis II?
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Meiosis II. Similar to mitosis, separating duplicated chromosomes.
Meiosis II. Similar to mitosis, separating duplicated chromosomes.
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What is the main purpose of meiosis I?
What is the main purpose of meiosis I?
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Reduce chromosome number by separating homologs. The reductional division creating haploid cells.
Reduce chromosome number by separating homologs. The reductional division creating haploid cells.
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What is the main purpose of meiosis II?
What is the main purpose of meiosis II?
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Separate sister chromatids to form haploid cells. The equational division like mitosis.
Separate sister chromatids to form haploid cells. The equational division like mitosis.
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What is independent assortment?
What is independent assortment?
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Random orientation of homologous pairs in metaphase I. Each pair aligns independently at the cell center.
Random orientation of homologous pairs in metaphase I. Each pair aligns independently at the cell center.
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In which meiosis phase does independent assortment occur?
In which meiosis phase does independent assortment occur?
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Metaphase I. When chromosome pairs randomly orient before separation.
Metaphase I. When chromosome pairs randomly orient before separation.
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What is the genetic result of crossing over?
What is the genetic result of crossing over?
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Recombinant chromatids with new allele combinations. New gene combinations increase genetic variation.
Recombinant chromatids with new allele combinations. New gene combinations increase genetic variation.
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