Explain Atom Rearrangement in Synthesis - Biology
Card 1 of 30
What covalent bond forms in the sugar-phosphate backbone of nucleic acids?
What covalent bond forms in the sugar-phosphate backbone of nucleic acids?
Tap to reveal answer
Phosphodiester bond. Connects phosphate to sugar creating the DNA/RNA backbone.
Phosphodiester bond. Connects phosphate to sugar creating the DNA/RNA backbone.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
Identify the correct statement about bonds in macromolecules: covalent or ionic?
Identify the correct statement about bonds in macromolecules: covalent or ionic?
Tap to reveal answer
Monomers in polymers are primarily linked by covalent bonds. Covalent bonds provide stability to polymer structure.
Monomers in polymers are primarily linked by covalent bonds. Covalent bonds provide stability to polymer structure.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
What is a polymer in the context of biological macromolecules?
What is a polymer in the context of biological macromolecules?
Tap to reveal answer
A large molecule made of many covalently linked monomers. Formed when many monomers link via covalent bonds.
A large molecule made of many covalently linked monomers. Formed when many monomers link via covalent bonds.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
Find the correct term: Breaking starch into glucose units during digestion is what process?
Find the correct term: Breaking starch into glucose units during digestion is what process?
Tap to reveal answer
Hydrolysis. Breaks glycosidic bonds to release glucose units.
Hydrolysis. Breaks glycosidic bonds to release glucose units.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
Which reaction type is commonly used in biosynthesis of polymers from monomers?
Which reaction type is commonly used in biosynthesis of polymers from monomers?
Tap to reveal answer
Dehydration synthesis. Builds larger molecules from smaller subunits.
Dehydration synthesis. Builds larger molecules from smaller subunits.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
Identify the polymer formed when many glucose monomers are linked by glycosidic bonds in plants.
Identify the polymer formed when many glucose monomers are linked by glycosidic bonds in plants.
Tap to reveal answer
Starch (a polysaccharide). Plant energy storage polymer made from glucose.
Starch (a polysaccharide). Plant energy storage polymer made from glucose.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
Identify the polymer formed when many glucose monomers are linked for energy storage in animals.
Identify the polymer formed when many glucose monomers are linked for energy storage in animals.
Tap to reveal answer
Glycogen (a polysaccharide). Animal energy storage polymer with branched structure.
Glycogen (a polysaccharide). Animal energy storage polymer with branched structure.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
Identify the structural polysaccharide formed from glucose monomers in plant cell walls.
Identify the structural polysaccharide formed from glucose monomers in plant cell walls.
Tap to reveal answer
Cellulose. Provides rigid structure to plant cell walls.
Cellulose. Provides rigid structure to plant cell walls.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
What is the polymer called when amino acids are linked into a chain?
What is the polymer called when amino acids are linked into a chain?
Tap to reveal answer
Polypeptide (protein when folded and functional). Amino acid chain that folds into functional protein.
Polypeptide (protein when folded and functional). Amino acid chain that folds into functional protein.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
What is the polymer called when nucleotides are linked into a chain?
What is the polymer called when nucleotides are linked into a chain?
Tap to reveal answer
Polynucleotide (nucleic acid strand). Chain of nucleotides forming DNA or RNA.
Polynucleotide (nucleic acid strand). Chain of nucleotides forming DNA or RNA.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
Which directionality describes a nucleic acid strand based on its sugar-phosphate backbone?
Which directionality describes a nucleic acid strand based on its sugar-phosphate backbone?
Tap to reveal answer
$5'$ to $3'$ directionality. Direction based on carbon numbering in sugar ring.
$5'$ to $3'$ directionality. Direction based on carbon numbering in sugar ring.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
Which parts of an amino acid remain after peptide bond formation to form the polypeptide backbone?
Which parts of an amino acid remain after peptide bond formation to form the polypeptide backbone?
Tap to reveal answer
The repeating $N$–$C$ backbone (amino and carboxyl groups). Forms the repeating structural framework of proteins.
The repeating $N$–$C$ backbone (amino and carboxyl groups). Forms the repeating structural framework of proteins.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
Which part of an amino acid varies and gives proteins different chemical properties?
Which part of an amino acid varies and gives proteins different chemical properties?
Tap to reveal answer
The side chain (R group). Determines protein function and chemical properties.
The side chain (R group). Determines protein function and chemical properties.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
What is the immediate product when glycerol bonds with three fatty acids via dehydration synthesis?
What is the immediate product when glycerol bonds with three fatty acids via dehydration synthesis?
Tap to reveal answer
A triglyceride (triacylglycerol). Three ester bonds link glycerol to fatty acids.
A triglyceride (triacylglycerol). Three ester bonds link glycerol to fatty acids.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
What is the main structural difference between triglycerides and phospholipids?
What is the main structural difference between triglycerides and phospholipids?
Tap to reveal answer
Phospholipids have a phosphate group replacing one fatty acid. Creates amphipathic molecules for membranes.
Phospholipids have a phosphate group replacing one fatty acid. Creates amphipathic molecules for membranes.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
Which reaction forms a disaccharide from two monosaccharides?
Which reaction forms a disaccharide from two monosaccharides?
Tap to reveal answer
Dehydration synthesis forming a glycosidic bond. Links two sugar molecules removing water.
Dehydration synthesis forming a glycosidic bond. Links two sugar molecules removing water.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
Which reaction breaks a disaccharide into two monosaccharides?
Which reaction breaks a disaccharide into two monosaccharides?
Tap to reveal answer
Hydrolysis breaking a glycosidic bond. Adds water to separate the sugar molecules.
Hydrolysis breaking a glycosidic bond. Adds water to separate the sugar molecules.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
Identify the correct statement about bonds in macromolecules: covalent or ionic?
Identify the correct statement about bonds in macromolecules: covalent or ionic?
Tap to reveal answer
Monomers in polymers are primarily linked by covalent bonds. Covalent bonds provide stability to polymer structure.
Monomers in polymers are primarily linked by covalent bonds. Covalent bonds provide stability to polymer structure.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
Which statement best describes what happens to electrons when covalent bonds form in polymers?
Which statement best describes what happens to electrons when covalent bonds form in polymers?
Tap to reveal answer
Atoms share electrons to create stable covalent bonds. Electron sharing creates stable molecular bonds.
Atoms share electrons to create stable covalent bonds. Electron sharing creates stable molecular bonds.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
Choose the word that completes the statement: Hydrolysis is the ______ of dehydration synthesis.
Choose the word that completes the statement: Hydrolysis is the ______ of dehydration synthesis.
Tap to reveal answer
Reverse. Opposite processes that build and break polymers.
Reverse. Opposite processes that build and break polymers.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
Identify the correct reactants and products: monomer + monomer → polymer link + ?
Identify the correct reactants and products: monomer + monomer → polymer link + ?
Tap to reveal answer
Water ($H_2O$) is produced. Dehydration synthesis removes water during polymer formation.
Water ($H_2O$) is produced. Dehydration synthesis removes water during polymer formation.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
What molecule is consumed when a covalent bond in a polymer is broken by hydrolysis?
What molecule is consumed when a covalent bond in a polymer is broken by hydrolysis?
Tap to reveal answer
Water ($H_2O$). Water splits to provide $H$ and $OH$ to break the bond.
Water ($H_2O$). Water splits to provide $H$ and $OH$ to break the bond.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
What molecule is released when two monomers join during dehydration synthesis?
What molecule is released when two monomers join during dehydration synthesis?
Tap to reveal answer
Water ($H_2O$). Formed when $H$ from one monomer joins $OH$ from another.
Water ($H_2O$). Formed when $H$ from one monomer joins $OH$ from another.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
Identify the correct reactants and products: polymer link + $H_2O$ → ?
Identify the correct reactants and products: polymer link + $H_2O$ → ?
Tap to reveal answer
Two smaller molecules (monomers) are produced. Hydrolysis breaks polymer bonds using water.
Two smaller molecules (monomers) are produced. Hydrolysis breaks polymer bonds using water.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
Which bond is broken when a polypeptide is digested into amino acids?
Which bond is broken when a polypeptide is digested into amino acids?
Tap to reveal answer
Peptide bond. Hydrolysis breaks the bonds linking amino acids.
Peptide bond. Hydrolysis breaks the bonds linking amino acids.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
Which bond is broken when a polysaccharide is digested into monosaccharides?
Which bond is broken when a polysaccharide is digested into monosaccharides?
Tap to reveal answer
Glycosidic bond. Hydrolysis breaks sugar linkages in carbohydrates.
Glycosidic bond. Hydrolysis breaks sugar linkages in carbohydrates.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
What is the name of the reaction that breaks a polymer into monomers by adding water?
What is the name of the reaction that breaks a polymer into monomers by adding water?
Tap to reveal answer
Hydrolysis. Adds $H_2O$ to break bonds between monomers.
Hydrolysis. Adds $H_2O$ to break bonds between monomers.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
Which type of chemical reaction links monomers by removing water to build a macromolecule?
Which type of chemical reaction links monomers by removing water to build a macromolecule?
Tap to reveal answer
Dehydration synthesis (condensation reaction). Removes $H_2O$ between monomers to form covalent bonds.
Dehydration synthesis (condensation reaction). Removes $H_2O$ between monomers to form covalent bonds.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
Which bond is broken when DNA is hydrolyzed into nucleotides along the backbone?
Which bond is broken when DNA is hydrolyzed into nucleotides along the backbone?
Tap to reveal answer
Phosphodiester bond. Breaks the sugar-phosphate backbone connections.
Phosphodiester bond. Breaks the sugar-phosphate backbone connections.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
Find the correct term: Building a protein from amino acids is an example of what process?
Find the correct term: Building a protein from amino acids is an example of what process?
Tap to reveal answer
Dehydration synthesis (polymerization). Links monomers through dehydration synthesis reactions.
Dehydration synthesis (polymerization). Links monomers through dehydration synthesis reactions.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →