All flashcards
Flashcard 1: Which type of reproduction is generally faster at producing many offspring in a stable environment?
Answer: Asexual reproduction. No mate-finding time required.
Flashcard 2: What is vegetative propagation in plants?
Answer: Asexual reproduction from stems, roots, or leaves. Uses existing plant structures.
Flashcard 3: Which plant structure is most directly associated with sexual reproduction: flower or tuber?
Answer: Flower. Contains reproductive organs for gametes.
Flashcard 4: Which plant structure is most directly associated with asexual reproduction: runner or seed?
Answer: Runner. Produces new plants without gametes.
Flashcard 5: What is parthenogenesis?
Answer: Development of an embryo from an unfertilized egg. No sperm fertilization required.
Flashcard 6: Which process in meiosis creates genetic variation by exchanging DNA between homologous chromosomes?
Answer: Crossing over. Exchanges DNA segments between chromosomes.
Flashcard 7: Which concept in meiosis increases variation by random separation of homologous chromosomes?
Answer: Independent assortment. Chromosomes separate randomly into gametes.
Flashcard 8: Which event creates additional genetic variation by combining alleles from two parents?
Answer: Random fertilization. Any sperm can fertilize any egg.
Flashcard 9: Identify the key genetic difference between sexual and asexual offspring.
Answer: Sexual: genetically varied; asexual: genetically identical (clones). Key distinction in reproductive outcomes.
Flashcard 10: Which term best matches sexual reproduction in animals: gametes or spores?
Answer: Gametes. Specialized cells for sexual reproduction.
Flashcard 11: What is binary fission?
Answer: Asexual division of one cell into two genetically identical cells. Simple cell division into two parts.
Flashcard 12: What is parthenogenesis?
Answer: Development of an embryo from an unfertilized egg. No sperm fertilization required.
Flashcard 13: Which type of reproduction typically produces genetically varied offspring?
Answer: Sexual reproduction. Genetic recombination creates diversity.
Flashcard 14: What is a zygote?
Answer: A fertilized egg cell formed by gamete fusion. Contains diploid chromosome set.
Flashcard 15: Which type of reproduction is typically more advantageous when environments change rapidly?
Answer: Sexual reproduction. Genetic diversity aids survival.
Flashcard 16: What is binary fission?
Answer: Asexual division of one cell into two genetically identical cells. Simple cell division into two parts.
Flashcard 17: Which type of organism most commonly reproduces by binary fission: bacteria or mammals?
Answer: Bacteria. Prokaryotes lack sexual reproduction mechanisms.
Flashcard 18: What is budding as a form of reproduction?
Answer: Asexual growth of a new individual from an outgrowth of the parent. New individual forms while attached.
Flashcard 19: Which reproduction method involves offspring growing from a fragment of the parent organism?
Answer: Fragmentation (asexual reproduction). Each fragment can regenerate completely.
Flashcard 20: Which option indicates asexual reproduction: fertilization or budding?
Answer: Budding. Budding requires no gamete fusion.
Flashcard 21: Which process produces gametes: mitosis or meiosis?
Answer: Meiosis. Reduces chromosome number by half.
Flashcard 22: Which term describes offspring produced by asexual reproduction: clone or hybrid?
Answer: Clone. Genetically identical to the parent.
Flashcard 23: Which type of reproduction requires specialized sex cells (gametes)?
Answer: Sexual reproduction. Gametes provide genetic material.
Flashcard 24: Which category best describes parthenogenesis in most curricula: sexual or asexual reproduction?
Answer: Asexual reproduction. No gamete fusion occurs.
Flashcard 25: Which type of reproduction involves recombination of genetic material?
Answer: Sexual reproduction. Crossing over and independent assortment occur.
Flashcard 26: Which type of reproduction does not involve recombination in the typical case?
Answer: Asexual reproduction. Direct copying without genetic mixing.
Flashcard 27: Which type of reproduction can occur without finding a mate in many species?
Answer: Asexual reproduction. Only requires one organism.
Flashcard 28: Which option best describes the parent number in asexual reproduction: one or two?
Answer: One. Single parent produces offspring.
Flashcard 29: What is the primary evolutionary disadvantage of asexual reproduction in changing environments?
Answer: Low genetic variation among offspring. All offspring have similar vulnerabilities.
Flashcard 30: What is the primary evolutionary advantage of asexual reproduction in stable environments?
Answer: Rapid reproduction without needing a mate. No time spent finding mates.