Biology Flashcards: Compare Respiration And Photosynthesis Models

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This deck focuses on Compare Respiration And Photosynthesis Models, giving you a quick way to review the definitions, rules, and examples that matter most for Biology.

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Work through these flashcards in short sessions. Try to answer each prompt before flipping the card, then revisit any cards you miss until the explanation feels automatic.

Flashcard 1: Which organelle is the primary site of aerobic cellular respiration in eukaryotic cells?

Answer: Mitochondrion. Contains cristae and matrix where respiration reactions occur.

Flashcard 2: Which molecules are products of photosynthesis (as modeled in the overall equation)?

Answer: Glucose ($C_6H_{12}O_6$) and $O_2$. These molecules are synthesized and released during photosynthesis.

Flashcard 3: Identify the correct classification: photosynthesis is anabolic or catabolic?

Answer: Anabolic. Photosynthesis builds complex molecules from simple precursors.

Flashcard 4: Which process is best described as releasing energy from chemical bonds to make ATP?

Answer: Cellular respiration. Breaks down molecules to harvest energy for ATP production.

Flashcard 5: Which process is endergonic overall (requires net energy input)?

Answer: Photosynthesis. Requires continuous energy input from light to proceed.

Flashcard 6: Which process occurs in both autotrophs and heterotrophs to supply ATP?

Answer: Cellular respiration. All living organisms require ATP for cellular activities.

Flashcard 7: Which process is best described as storing energy in chemical bonds?

Answer: Photosynthesis. Builds complex molecules by storing energy in chemical bonds.

Flashcard 8: Which gas is released as a byproduct when carbon is oxidized in respiration?

Answer: Carbon dioxide ($CO_2$). Breaking carbon-carbon bonds releases $CO_2$ during oxidation.

Flashcard 9: Which gas is released as a byproduct of splitting water in photosynthesis?

Answer: Oxygen ($O_2$). Splitting water molecules releases oxygen as a waste product.

Flashcard 10: Which molecule is the main electron donor that is split during light reactions?

Answer: Water ($H_2O$). Water molecules are split to provide electrons for photosynthesis.

Flashcard 11: Identify the correct classification: cellular respiration is anabolic or catabolic?

Answer: Catabolic. Respiration breaks down complex molecules into simpler products.

Flashcard 12: Which organisms typically perform photosynthesis: autotrophs or heterotrophs?

Answer: Autotrophs (plants, algae, some bacteria). These organisms can synthesize glucose from inorganic carbon.

Flashcard 13: Which model component captures light energy in photosynthesis: chlorophyll or ATP synthase?

Answer: Chlorophyll (in photosystems). Chlorophyll molecules absorb photons to initiate electron transport.

Flashcard 14: Which pigment-containing structures in thylakoids initiate electron transport in photosynthesis?

Answer: Photosystems (PSII and PSI). These complexes contain chlorophyll and drive light reactions.

Flashcard 15: Identify the correct classification: photosynthesis is anabolic or catabolic?

Answer: Anabolic. Photosynthesis builds complex molecules from simple precursors.

Flashcard 16: Which molecules are reactants in aerobic cellular respiration (overall model)?

Answer: Glucose ($C_6H_{12}O_6$) and $O_2$. These starting materials are consumed during aerobic respiration.

Flashcard 17: Which molecules are products of aerobic cellular respiration (overall model)?

Answer: $CO_2$, $H_2O$, and ATP. These waste products and energy currency are made during respiration.

Flashcard 18: Which organelle is the primary site of photosynthesis in eukaryotic cells?

Answer: Chloroplast. Contains thylakoids and stroma where photosynthesis reactions occur.

Flashcard 19: Which photosynthesis stage occurs in thylakoid membranes and requires light?

Answer: Light-dependent reactions. Captures light energy and splits water to generate electrons.

Flashcard 20: Which photosynthesis stage occurs in the stroma and fixes carbon into sugars?

Answer: Calvin cycle (light-independent reactions). Uses ATP and NADPH to reduce $CO_2$ into sugar.

Flashcard 21: Which respiration stage occurs in the cytoplasm and splits glucose into pyruvate?

Answer: Glycolysis. Breaks glucose into two pyruvate molecules with net ATP gain.

Flashcard 22: Which respiration stage occurs in the mitochondrial matrix and releases $CO_2$?

Answer: Citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle). Oxidizes acetyl-CoA completely, releasing $CO_2$ and electron carriers.

Flashcard 23: Which respiration stage uses the inner mitochondrial membrane to make most ATP?

Answer: Electron transport chain and chemiosmosis (oxidative phosphorylation). Uses electron flow to pump protons and drive ATP synthesis.

Flashcard 24: Which molecule is the final electron acceptor in aerobic cellular respiration?

Answer: Oxygen ($O_2$). Receives electrons at the end of the transport chain.

Flashcard 25: Which molecule is reduced to form water at the end of aerobic respiration?

Answer: Oxygen ($O_2$) is reduced to $H_2O$. Oxygen accepts electrons and combines with protons to form water.

Flashcard 26: What type of energy conversion is modeled by photosynthesis in plants?

Answer: Light energy is converted to chemical energy in glucose. Photosynthesis converts radiant energy into stored chemical bonds.

Flashcard 27: What type of energy conversion is modeled by cellular respiration in cells?

Answer: Chemical energy in glucose is converted to ATP. Respiration breaks glucose bonds to synthesize ATP for cellular work.

Flashcard 28: What is the balanced overall equation for photosynthesis?

Answer: $6CO_2 + 6H_2O + light \rightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2$. Six $CO_2$ and water plus light yield glucose and oxygen.

Flashcard 29: Which molecules are products of photosynthesis (as modeled in the overall equation)?

Answer: Glucose ($C_6H_{12}O_6$) and $O_2$. These molecules are synthesized and released during photosynthesis.

Flashcard 30: Which option correctly pairs process with location: Calvin cycle or citric acid cycle?

Answer: Calvin: stroma; citric acid: mitochondrial matrix. Each cycle occurs in its organelle's specific compartment.