The Cell Cycle - Biology
Card 0 of 136
Most cells spend the vast majority of their time in .
Most cells spend the vast majority of their time in .
Tap to see back →
Most cells spend about 90% of their time in interphase. Note that mitosis and meiosis comprise only about 10% of the cell cycle.
Most cells spend about 90% of their time in interphase. Note that mitosis and meiosis comprise only about 10% of the cell cycle.
Out of all phases in the cell cycle, most cells spend the majority of their life in .
Out of all phases in the cell cycle, most cells spend the majority of their life in .
Tap to see back →
Cell division, or mitosis, is a rather small portion of a cell's life and includes prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase. The majority of a cell's life is spent in interphase.
Cell division, or mitosis, is a rather small portion of a cell's life and includes prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase. The majority of a cell's life is spent in interphase.
DNA replication occurs during which of the following phases of the cell cycle?
DNA replication occurs during which of the following phases of the cell cycle?
Tap to see back →
DNA is synthesized in the S phase only. The G phases are stages of cellular growth while the M phase consists of mitotic cellular division.
DNA is synthesized in the S phase only. The G phases are stages of cellular growth while the M phase consists of mitotic cellular division.
During the cell cycle, there are several checkpoints to ensure proper cell growth and division. Which checkpoint ensures that each duplicated chromatid is appropriately attached to cellular machinery in order to segregate properly?
During the cell cycle, there are several checkpoints to ensure proper cell growth and division. Which checkpoint ensures that each duplicated chromatid is appropriately attached to cellular machinery in order to segregate properly?
Tap to see back →
During mitosis, the metaphase checkpoint ensures that each duplicated chromatid is attached to the spindle apparatus. If the metaphase checkpoint is not satisfied, the cell will not enter anaphase. This checkpoint is essential for preventing aneuploidy, a condition in which there are an abnormal number of chromosomes in a cell.
The G1 checkpoint determines if the cell will enter the S phase to replicate DNA and prepare for cell division. Quiescent cells, cells that do not frequently divide, are often stopped at the G1 checkpoint for long periods. The G2 checkpoint is used to prevent the cell from entering mitosis if there were errors in the replication of DNA during the S phase. Failure to pass the G2 checkpoint can result in apoptosis. There is no G0 checkpoint.
During mitosis, the metaphase checkpoint ensures that each duplicated chromatid is attached to the spindle apparatus. If the metaphase checkpoint is not satisfied, the cell will not enter anaphase. This checkpoint is essential for preventing aneuploidy, a condition in which there are an abnormal number of chromosomes in a cell.
The G1 checkpoint determines if the cell will enter the S phase to replicate DNA and prepare for cell division. Quiescent cells, cells that do not frequently divide, are often stopped at the G1 checkpoint for long periods. The G2 checkpoint is used to prevent the cell from entering mitosis if there were errors in the replication of DNA during the S phase. Failure to pass the G2 checkpoint can result in apoptosis. There is no G0 checkpoint.
Which of the following best describes the two primary purposes of Active S cyclin-CDK phosphorylation in the cell cycle?
Which of the following best describes the two primary purposes of Active S cyclin-CDK phosphorylation in the cell cycle?
Tap to see back →
Active S cyclin-CDK phosphorylation in the cell cycle is primarily intended to ensure that each portion of the cell's genome is copied once and only once. Daughter cells that do not copy a complete genome will likely die; however, carrying extra copies of certain genes will also negatively affect daughter cells, and phosphorylation of proteins that make up pre-replication complexes safeguards against this.
Active S cyclin-CDK phosphorylation in the cell cycle is primarily intended to ensure that each portion of the cell's genome is copied once and only once. Daughter cells that do not copy a complete genome will likely die; however, carrying extra copies of certain genes will also negatively affect daughter cells, and phosphorylation of proteins that make up pre-replication complexes safeguards against this.
During the G1 phase of the cell cycle, in which form will Eukaryotic DNA be found?
During the G1 phase of the cell cycle, in which form will Eukaryotic DNA be found?
Tap to see back →
Chromosomes and Chromatid are both incorrect because eukaryotic DNA is condensed into these tightly packed chromosomal structures during M phase of mitosis. Plasmids are not found in eukaryotes and an unfolded continuous strand of DNA would be too long to fit within a nucleus. Thus, Chromatin is the correct answer choice; chromatin is a protein-DNA complex in a loosely packed form which allows for gene transcription which is necessary during the G1 phase of the cell cycle.
Chromosomes and Chromatid are both incorrect because eukaryotic DNA is condensed into these tightly packed chromosomal structures during M phase of mitosis. Plasmids are not found in eukaryotes and an unfolded continuous strand of DNA would be too long to fit within a nucleus. Thus, Chromatin is the correct answer choice; chromatin is a protein-DNA complex in a loosely packed form which allows for gene transcription which is necessary during the G1 phase of the cell cycle.
What is the initial checkpoint in a mammalian cell cycle whose major function is to allow or disallow a cell to mitotically divide?
What is the initial checkpoint in a mammalian cell cycle whose major function is to allow or disallow a cell to mitotically divide?
Tap to see back →
The G1 Checkpoint is the correct answer, because if a cell gets a signal at this checkpoint then the cell goes on to complete the S, G2, and M phases and will end up dividing. If this signal is not received at the G1 checkpoint then the cell enters the non-dividing G0 phase.
The G1 Checkpoint is the correct answer, because if a cell gets a signal at this checkpoint then the cell goes on to complete the S, G2, and M phases and will end up dividing. If this signal is not received at the G1 checkpoint then the cell enters the non-dividing G0 phase.
There are several checkpoints during the cell cycle to ensure proper growth and division. Which checkpoint of the cell cycle is considered the "point of no return?"
There are several checkpoints during the cell cycle to ensure proper growth and division. Which checkpoint of the cell cycle is considered the "point of no return?"
Tap to see back →
Once the cell passes the G1 checkpoint, the cell becomes committed to the cell cycle and enters the S phase where DNA is replicated. The checkpoint is to ensure the cell has grown enough and has enough resources to begin DNA replication. The next checkpoint is the G2 checkpoint, where the cell checks and makes sure the DNA replicated correctly before beginning mitosis. If the cell does not pass this checkpoint, it commences apoptosis and dies.
Once the cell passes the G1 checkpoint, the cell becomes committed to the cell cycle and enters the S phase where DNA is replicated. The checkpoint is to ensure the cell has grown enough and has enough resources to begin DNA replication. The next checkpoint is the G2 checkpoint, where the cell checks and makes sure the DNA replicated correctly before beginning mitosis. If the cell does not pass this checkpoint, it commences apoptosis and dies.
During which stage of the cell cycle is DNA replicated?
During which stage of the cell cycle is DNA replicated?
Tap to see back →
The S phase (or synthesis phase) is a period of the cell cycle during which DNA is replicated (or synthesized). G1 and G2 are both growth phases, during which cellular organelles are replicated and the cell grows in size. The M phase refers to mitosis, or cell division.
The S phase (or synthesis phase) is a period of the cell cycle during which DNA is replicated (or synthesized). G1 and G2 are both growth phases, during which cellular organelles are replicated and the cell grows in size. The M phase refers to mitosis, or cell division.
What stage of the cell cycle results in a duplication of the genetic material in the cell?
What stage of the cell cycle results in a duplication of the genetic material in the cell?
Tap to see back →
During the S phase, the cell dedicates its time to replicating its DNA. The S phase is named for the synthesis of DNA.
The G phases are needed for increasing proteins and cellular organelles, and are known for cellular growth. The M phase is also known as mitosis.
During the S phase, the cell dedicates its time to replicating its DNA. The S phase is named for the synthesis of DNA.
The G phases are needed for increasing proteins and cellular organelles, and are known for cellular growth. The M phase is also known as mitosis.
What step in the cell cycle precedes mitosis, and is characterized by organelle replication?
What step in the cell cycle precedes mitosis, and is characterized by organelle replication?
Tap to see back →
There are two stages in the cell cycle marked by the replication of organelles and protein synthesis: G1 and G2. G1 follows mitosis and allows the cell to grow. G2 occurs just before mitosis, and ensures that both daughter cells will have adequate organelles. It also allows proteins necessary for mitosis to be translated.
The overall order of the cell cycle is: G1, S, G2, M. G1 is a growth period. S marks the replication of DNA, resulting in the production of identical sister chromatids. G2 is responsible for organelle synthesis. The M phase is mitosis, or cell division.
There are two stages in the cell cycle marked by the replication of organelles and protein synthesis: G1 and G2. G1 follows mitosis and allows the cell to grow. G2 occurs just before mitosis, and ensures that both daughter cells will have adequate organelles. It also allows proteins necessary for mitosis to be translated.
The overall order of the cell cycle is: G1, S, G2, M. G1 is a growth period. S marks the replication of DNA, resulting in the production of identical sister chromatids. G2 is responsible for organelle synthesis. The M phase is mitosis, or cell division.
During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA synthesized?
During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA synthesized?
Tap to see back →
The cell cycle consists of four major phases: G1, S, G2, and M.
The G1 phase stands for gap 1 and is when organelles replicate and the cell grows.
The S phase stands for synthesis and is when DNA is replicated.
The G2 phase stands for gap 2 and is when DNA is proofread and DNA damage is repaired.
The M phase is mitosis, which is further broken down into prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, and cytokinesis. Prophase is when the chromosomes condense. Metaphase is when the chromosomes line up at the metaphase plate in the center of the cell. Anaphase is when the sister chromatids are pulled to opposite sides of the cell. Telophase is when the cell begins to split and the nuclear membrane reassembles. Cytokinesis is when the cytoplasm pinches off and two daughter cells are formed.
G0 is a separate phase, in which the cell cycle is stopped. Cells in the G0 phase are known as quiescent cells, and do not divide.
The cell cycle consists of four major phases: G1, S, G2, and M.
The G1 phase stands for gap 1 and is when organelles replicate and the cell grows.
The S phase stands for synthesis and is when DNA is replicated.
The G2 phase stands for gap 2 and is when DNA is proofread and DNA damage is repaired.
The M phase is mitosis, which is further broken down into prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, and cytokinesis. Prophase is when the chromosomes condense. Metaphase is when the chromosomes line up at the metaphase plate in the center of the cell. Anaphase is when the sister chromatids are pulled to opposite sides of the cell. Telophase is when the cell begins to split and the nuclear membrane reassembles. Cytokinesis is when the cytoplasm pinches off and two daughter cells are formed.
G0 is a separate phase, in which the cell cycle is stopped. Cells in the G0 phase are known as quiescent cells, and do not divide.
During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA proofread and repaired?
During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA proofread and repaired?
Tap to see back →
The cell cycle consists of four major phases: G1, S, G2, and M.
The G1 phase stands for gap 1 and is when organelles replicate and the cell grows.
The S phase stands for synthesis and is when DNA is replicated.
The G2 phase stands for gap 2 and is when DNA is proofread and DNA damage is repaired.
The M phase is mitosis, which is further broken down into prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, and cytokinesis. Prophase is when the chromosomes condense. Metaphase is when the chromosomes line up at the metaphase plate in the center of the cell. Anaphase is when the sister chromatids are pulled to opposite sides of the cell. Telophase is when the cell begins to split and the nuclear membrane reassembles. Cytokinesis is when the cytoplasm pinches off and two daughter cells are formed.
G0 is a separate phase, in which the cell cycle is stopped. Cells in the G0 phase are known as quiescent cells, and do not divide.
The cell cycle consists of four major phases: G1, S, G2, and M.
The G1 phase stands for gap 1 and is when organelles replicate and the cell grows.
The S phase stands for synthesis and is when DNA is replicated.
The G2 phase stands for gap 2 and is when DNA is proofread and DNA damage is repaired.
The M phase is mitosis, which is further broken down into prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, and cytokinesis. Prophase is when the chromosomes condense. Metaphase is when the chromosomes line up at the metaphase plate in the center of the cell. Anaphase is when the sister chromatids are pulled to opposite sides of the cell. Telophase is when the cell begins to split and the nuclear membrane reassembles. Cytokinesis is when the cytoplasm pinches off and two daughter cells are formed.
G0 is a separate phase, in which the cell cycle is stopped. Cells in the G0 phase are known as quiescent cells, and do not divide.
During which phase of the cell cycle does the cell grow and make organelles?
During which phase of the cell cycle does the cell grow and make organelles?
Tap to see back →
The cell cycle consists of four major phases: G1, S, G2, and M.
The G1 phase stands for gap 1 and is when organelles replicate and the cell grows.
The S phase stands for synthesis and is when DNA is replicated.
The G2 phase stands for gap 2 and is when DNA is proofread and DNA damage is repaired.
The M phase is mitosis, which is further broken down into prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, and cytokinesis. Prophase is when the chromosomes condense. Metaphase is when the chromosomes line up at the metaphase plate in the center of the cell. Anaphase is when the sister chromatids are pulled to opposite sides of the cell. Telophase is when the cell begins to split and the nuclear membrane reassembles. Cytokinesis is when the cytoplasm pinches off and two daughter cells are formed.
G0 is a separate phase, in which the cell cycle is stopped. Cells in the G0 phase are known as quiescent cells, and do not divide.
The cell cycle consists of four major phases: G1, S, G2, and M.
The G1 phase stands for gap 1 and is when organelles replicate and the cell grows.
The S phase stands for synthesis and is when DNA is replicated.
The G2 phase stands for gap 2 and is when DNA is proofread and DNA damage is repaired.
The M phase is mitosis, which is further broken down into prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, and cytokinesis. Prophase is when the chromosomes condense. Metaphase is when the chromosomes line up at the metaphase plate in the center of the cell. Anaphase is when the sister chromatids are pulled to opposite sides of the cell. Telophase is when the cell begins to split and the nuclear membrane reassembles. Cytokinesis is when the cytoplasm pinches off and two daughter cells are formed.
G0 is a separate phase, in which the cell cycle is stopped. Cells in the G0 phase are known as quiescent cells, and do not divide.
During which phase of the cell cycle does the parent cell split into two daughter cells?
During which phase of the cell cycle does the parent cell split into two daughter cells?
Tap to see back →
The cell cycle consists of four major phases: G1, S, G2, and M.
The G1 phase stands for gap 1 and is when organelles replicate and the cell grows.
The S phase stands for synthesis and is when DNA is replicated.
The G2 phase stands for gap 2 and is when DNA is proofread and DNA damage is repaired.
The M phase is mitosis, which is further broken down into prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, and cytokinesis. Prophase is when the chromosomes condense. Metaphase is when the chromosomes line up at the metaphase plate in the center of the cell. Anaphase is when the sister chromatids are pulled to opposite sides of the cell. Telophase is when the cell begins to split and the nuclear membrane reassembles. Cytokinesis is when the cytoplasm pinches off and two daughter cells are formed.
G0 is a separate phase, in which the cell cycle is stopped. Cells in the G0 phase are known as quiescent cells, and do not divide.
The cell cycle consists of four major phases: G1, S, G2, and M.
The G1 phase stands for gap 1 and is when organelles replicate and the cell grows.
The S phase stands for synthesis and is when DNA is replicated.
The G2 phase stands for gap 2 and is when DNA is proofread and DNA damage is repaired.
The M phase is mitosis, which is further broken down into prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, and cytokinesis. Prophase is when the chromosomes condense. Metaphase is when the chromosomes line up at the metaphase plate in the center of the cell. Anaphase is when the sister chromatids are pulled to opposite sides of the cell. Telophase is when the cell begins to split and the nuclear membrane reassembles. Cytokinesis is when the cytoplasm pinches off and two daughter cells are formed.
G0 is a separate phase, in which the cell cycle is stopped. Cells in the G0 phase are known as quiescent cells, and do not divide.
During which phase of mitosis does the DNA condense into chromosomes?
During which phase of mitosis does the DNA condense into chromosomes?
Tap to see back →
The cell cycle consists of four major phases: G1, S, G2, and M.
The M phase is mitosis, which is further broken down into prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, and cytokinesis.
Prophase is when the nuclear envelope dissolves and chromosomes condense. Metaphase is when the chromosomes line up at the metaphase plate in the center of the cell. Anaphase is when the sister chromatids are pulled to opposite sides of the cell by spindle fibers. Telophase is when the cell begins to split and the nuclear membrane reassembles. Cytokinesis is when the cytoplasm pinches off and two daughter cells are formed.
The S phase of the cell cycle is the period during which DNA is replicated.
The cell cycle consists of four major phases: G1, S, G2, and M.
The M phase is mitosis, which is further broken down into prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, and cytokinesis.
Prophase is when the nuclear envelope dissolves and chromosomes condense. Metaphase is when the chromosomes line up at the metaphase plate in the center of the cell. Anaphase is when the sister chromatids are pulled to opposite sides of the cell by spindle fibers. Telophase is when the cell begins to split and the nuclear membrane reassembles. Cytokinesis is when the cytoplasm pinches off and two daughter cells are formed.
The S phase of the cell cycle is the period during which DNA is replicated.
During what phase of mitosis does the cell physically split into two daughter cells?
During what phase of mitosis does the cell physically split into two daughter cells?
Tap to see back →
The cell cycle consists of four major phases: G1, S, G2, and M.
The M phase is mitosis, which is further broken down into prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, and cytokinesis.
Prophase is when the nuclear envelope dissolves and chromosomes condense. Metaphase is when the chromosomes line up at the metaphase plate in the center of the cell. Anaphase is when the sister chromatids are pulled to opposite sides of the cell by spindle fibers. Telophase is when the cell begins to split and the nuclear membrane reassembles. Cytokinesis is when the cytoplasm pinches off and two daughter cells are formed.
It is important to note that the cell generates two daughter nuclei during telophase, but the cytoplasm does not divide until cytokinesis. As such, there is a short period during which the cell has two, identical, fully formed nuclei.
The S phase of the cell cycle is the period during which DNA is replicated.
The cell cycle consists of four major phases: G1, S, G2, and M.
The M phase is mitosis, which is further broken down into prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, and cytokinesis.
Prophase is when the nuclear envelope dissolves and chromosomes condense. Metaphase is when the chromosomes line up at the metaphase plate in the center of the cell. Anaphase is when the sister chromatids are pulled to opposite sides of the cell by spindle fibers. Telophase is when the cell begins to split and the nuclear membrane reassembles. Cytokinesis is when the cytoplasm pinches off and two daughter cells are formed.
It is important to note that the cell generates two daughter nuclei during telophase, but the cytoplasm does not divide until cytokinesis. As such, there is a short period during which the cell has two, identical, fully formed nuclei.
The S phase of the cell cycle is the period during which DNA is replicated.
The G0 phase of the cell cycle is characterized by which of the following?
The G0 phase of the cell cycle is characterized by which of the following?
Tap to see back →
The G0 phase, sometimes called the resting or quiescent phase, is a phase of the cell cycle during which the cell remains in an inactive or dormant state. The G0 phase is often seen as an extension of the first growth phase (G1), during which the cell is not undergoing division or getting ready to undergo division, or it may be seen as a phase that happens separate from the cell cycle completely. Certain types of cells, such as nerve cells, enter into the G0 phase once they are mature, even though they continue to perform their designated functions. Cells enter this inactive stage from a checkpoint present in the G1 phase. Entrance into the G0 phase typically occurs in response to a deficiency of key nutrients and growth factors. The cell will remain in the this stage until these growth factors and nutrients are sufficient enough for the cell to continue through the cell cycle. The G0 phase is not always a component of the normal cell cycle.
The G0 phase, sometimes called the resting or quiescent phase, is a phase of the cell cycle during which the cell remains in an inactive or dormant state. The G0 phase is often seen as an extension of the first growth phase (G1), during which the cell is not undergoing division or getting ready to undergo division, or it may be seen as a phase that happens separate from the cell cycle completely. Certain types of cells, such as nerve cells, enter into the G0 phase once they are mature, even though they continue to perform their designated functions. Cells enter this inactive stage from a checkpoint present in the G1 phase. Entrance into the G0 phase typically occurs in response to a deficiency of key nutrients and growth factors. The cell will remain in the this stage until these growth factors and nutrients are sufficient enough for the cell to continue through the cell cycle. The G0 phase is not always a component of the normal cell cycle.
Which phases of the cell cycle contain checkpoints to regulate cell maturity and division?
Which phases of the cell cycle contain checkpoints to regulate cell maturity and division?
Tap to see back →
There are various checkpoints throughout the cell cycle that regulate whether a cell will continue to divide. During the G1 phase there is a chemical checkpoint that determines whether a cell has the proper nutrients and growth factors to continue through the cell cycle, or whether it will enter the resting phase also known as the G0 phase. After DNA replication in the S (synthesis) phase, the cell enters the second growth phase, G2. In G2 there is the second checkpoint that will determine if the cell DNA replication was carried out successfully to further the division of the cell. If DNA replication is carried out properly the cell will enter the M (mitotic) phase of the cell cycle. Here, the cell will go through a series of phases that ultimately result in the separation of chromosomes. The success of mitosis is assessed at another checkpoint during metaphase (a sub-phase of the M phase). If everything is carried out properly, the cell will then undergo cytokinesis and result in two daughter cells. These will then enter the G1 phase to begin the cell cycle again.
There are various checkpoints throughout the cell cycle that regulate whether a cell will continue to divide. During the G1 phase there is a chemical checkpoint that determines whether a cell has the proper nutrients and growth factors to continue through the cell cycle, or whether it will enter the resting phase also known as the G0 phase. After DNA replication in the S (synthesis) phase, the cell enters the second growth phase, G2. In G2 there is the second checkpoint that will determine if the cell DNA replication was carried out successfully to further the division of the cell. If DNA replication is carried out properly the cell will enter the M (mitotic) phase of the cell cycle. Here, the cell will go through a series of phases that ultimately result in the separation of chromosomes. The success of mitosis is assessed at another checkpoint during metaphase (a sub-phase of the M phase). If everything is carried out properly, the cell will then undergo cytokinesis and result in two daughter cells. These will then enter the G1 phase to begin the cell cycle again.
The success of DNA replication is assessed during which phase of the cell cycle?
The success of DNA replication is assessed during which phase of the cell cycle?
Tap to see back →
There are various checkpoints throughout the cell cycle that regulate whether a cell will continue to divide. During the G1 phase there is a chemical checkpoint that determines whether a cell has the proper nutrients and growth factors to continue through the cell cycle, or whether it will enter the resting phase also known as the G0 phase. After DNA replication in the S (synthesis) phase, the cell enters the second growth phase, G2. In G2 there is the second checkpoint that will determine if the cell DNA replication was carried out successfully to further the division of the cell. If DNA replication is carried out properly, the cell will enter the M (mitotic) phase of the cell cycle. Here, the cell will go through a series of phases that ultimately result in the separation of chromosomes. The success of mitosis is assessed at another checkpoint during metaphase (a subdivision of the M phase). If everything is carried out properly, the cell will then undergo cytokinesis and resulting in two daughter cells.
There are various checkpoints throughout the cell cycle that regulate whether a cell will continue to divide. During the G1 phase there is a chemical checkpoint that determines whether a cell has the proper nutrients and growth factors to continue through the cell cycle, or whether it will enter the resting phase also known as the G0 phase. After DNA replication in the S (synthesis) phase, the cell enters the second growth phase, G2. In G2 there is the second checkpoint that will determine if the cell DNA replication was carried out successfully to further the division of the cell. If DNA replication is carried out properly, the cell will enter the M (mitotic) phase of the cell cycle. Here, the cell will go through a series of phases that ultimately result in the separation of chromosomes. The success of mitosis is assessed at another checkpoint during metaphase (a subdivision of the M phase). If everything is carried out properly, the cell will then undergo cytokinesis and resulting in two daughter cells.