Biology Flashcards: Analyze Feedback And Stability Examples

What this deck covers

This deck focuses on Analyze Feedback And Stability Examples, giving you a quick way to review the definitions, rules, and examples that matter most for Biology.

How to use these flashcards

Work through these flashcards in short sessions. Try to answer each prompt before flipping the card, then revisit any cards you miss until the explanation feels automatic.

Flashcard 1: Identify the feedback type: blood $CO_2$ rises, breathing rate increases, blood $CO_2$ falls.

Answer: Negative feedback. Breathing increases to remove excess $CO_2$.

Flashcard 2: Identify the effector: glucagon signals a tissue to break down glycogen to glucose.

Answer: Liver cells. Primary glucose release site for glucagon.

Flashcard 3: What is the main effect of glucagon on blood glucose?

Answer: Raises blood glucose by promoting glycogen breakdown in liver. Stimulates glucose release from storage.

Flashcard 4: Identify the effector in thermoregulation when you shiver to warm up.

Answer: Skeletal muscles. Contract to generate heat through movement.

Flashcard 5: Identify the effector in thermoregulation when you sweat to cool down.

Answer: Sweat glands. Produces sweat to cool the body.

Flashcard 6: Identify the feedback type: body temperature drops, shivering increases, temperature rises.

Answer: Negative feedback. Shivering counteracts falling temperature.

Flashcard 7: Identify the feedback type: body temperature rises, sweating increases, temperature falls.

Answer: Negative feedback. Sweating counteracts rising temperature.

Flashcard 8: Which option best identifies the sequence in a homeostatic loop?

Answer: Stimulus → receptor → control center → effector → response. The standard homeostatic pathway.

Flashcard 9: What is the effector’s role in a feedback loop?

Answer: Carries out the response that changes the variable. Executes the corrective action.

Flashcard 10: What is the control center’s role in a feedback loop?

Answer: Compares to set point and sends commands to effectors. Processes information and directs response.

Flashcard 11: What is the receptor’s role in a feedback loop?

Answer: Detects a change and sends information to the control center. Monitors and communicates changes.

Flashcard 12: What term describes a change that pushes a system away from a set point?

Answer: Stimulus. A change that disrupts equilibrium.

Flashcard 13: What term describes the target value a homeostatic system maintains?

Answer: Set point. The ideal value maintained by homeostasis.

Flashcard 14: Which feedback type most commonly maintains internal stability: negative or positive?

Answer: Negative feedback. Counteracts changes for stability.

Flashcard 15: Identify the feedback type: rising thyroid hormone levels inhibit TRH and TSH release.

Answer: Negative feedback. Thyroid hormone inhibits its own production.

Flashcard 16: Which hormone primarily lowers blood calcium levels when they are high?

Answer: Calcitonin. Promotes calcium storage in bones.

Flashcard 17: Identify the effector: insulin signals a tissue to store glucose as glycogen.

Answer: Liver cells. Primary glucose storage site for insulin.

Flashcard 18: What is the general relationship between $CO_2$ and blood acidity?

Answer: Higher $CO_2$ increases acidity (lowers pH). $CO_2$ forms carbonic acid in blood.

Flashcard 19: Identify the feedback type: blood pH drops, breathing increases, pH returns toward normal.

Answer: Negative feedback. Breathing counteracts pH changes.

Flashcard 20: Which variable is directly regulated by ventilation to help control blood pH?

Answer: Blood $CO_2$ level. Ventilation controls $CO_2$ to maintain pH.

Flashcard 21: What receptors detect stretch changes in blood vessels for blood pressure regulation?

Answer: Baroreceptors. Detect pressure changes in vessel walls.

Flashcard 22: Identify the feedback type: blood pressure rises, baroreceptors signal, heart rate decreases.

Answer: Negative feedback. Heart rate decreases to counter high pressure.

Flashcard 23: What term describes a normal range around a set point in homeostasis?

Answer: Normal range. Acceptable variation around the set point.

Flashcard 24: Identify the feedback type: cold causes vasoconstriction, reducing heat loss and warming.

Answer: Negative feedback. Vasoconstriction counteracts cooling.

Flashcard 25: Identify the feedback type: overheating causes vasodilation, increasing heat loss and cooling.

Answer: Negative feedback. Vasodilation counteracts overheating.

Flashcard 26: Which option best indicates positive feedback from a graph trend after a disturbance?

Answer: The variable moves farther from the original level over time. Shows amplification away from baseline.

Flashcard 27: Which option best indicates negative feedback from a graph trend after a disturbance?

Answer: The variable returns toward the original level over time. Shows correction back toward baseline.

Flashcard 28: Identify the effector: glucagon signals a tissue to break down glycogen to glucose.

Answer: Liver cells. Primary glucose release site for glucagon.

Flashcard 29: What term describes keeping internal conditions within narrow limits despite external change?

Answer: Homeostasis. Maintaining stable internal environment.

Flashcard 30: Which hormone primarily raises blood calcium levels when they are low?

Answer: PTH (parathyroid hormone). Increases calcium release from bones and absorption.