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Biochemistry · Lessons

Biochemistry lessons

15 sections · 86 skills · work through the full outline skill by skill — read the long-form lesson or flip through the slide-style version.
Long-form lessonsSlide-style lessons

Biochemistry

Practice 86 skills across this outline.

Recommended next
Transamination and Amino Group Transfer (PLP)
Lipid and Amino Acid Metabolism
Long-form lesson
Weighting distribution
15 categories
Lipid and Amino Acid Metabolism
7%
Signal Transduction & Cell Communication
7%
Bioenergetics & Central Metabolism
7%
Chemical Foundations & Water
7%
Electron Transport, Oxidative Phosphorylation & Photosynthesis
7%
Amino Acids, Proteins & Structure
7%

Skills

The comprehensive taxonomy of biochemistry — drill into a card to work its skills.

Lipid and Amino Acid Metabolism

7 core skills7% total weight
0/7 completed
7 skills to mastery
1
Transamination and Amino Group Transfer (PLP)Recommended
Long-form
2
Cholesterol Biosynthesis and the Mevalonate PathwayAvailable
Long-form
3
Oxidation of Fatty Acids and RegulationAvailable
Long-form
4
Urea Cycle and Nitrogen ExcretionAvailable
Long-form
5
Ketone Bodies: Formation and UtilizationAvailable
Long-form
6
Amino Acid Catabolism and Nitrogen HandlingAvailable
Long-form
7
Fatty Acid Synthesis and RegulationAvailable
Long-form

Signal Transduction & Cell Communication

5 core skills7% total weight
0/5 completed
5 skills to mastery
1
Protein Kinases/Phosphatases and Phosphorylation CascadesAvailable
Long-form
2
G-Protein Coupled Receptors, Second MessengersAvailable
Long-form
3
RTKs and MAPK SignalingAvailable
Long-form
4
Signal Amplification, Desensitization, and FeedbackAvailable
Long-form
5
Receptors and Ligand Binding (Affinity, Kd)Available
Long-form

Bioenergetics & Central Metabolism

8 core skills7% total weight
0/8 completed
8 skills to mastery
1
Gluconeogenesis and Reciprocal Regulation with GlycolysisAvailable
Long-form
2
Pentose Phosphate PathwayAvailable
Long-form
3
Glycogen MetabolismAvailable
Long-form
4
Fermentation and Anaerobic MetabolismAvailable
Long-form
5
Citric Acid CycleAvailable
Long-form
6
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase and Acetyl-CoA FormationAvailable
Long-form
7
Glycolysis: Key Steps, Regulation, Energy YieldAvailable
Long-form
8
ATP, Phosphoryl Transfer, High-Energy CompoundsAvailable
Long-form

Chemical Foundations & Water

5 core skills7% total weight
0/5 completed
5 skills to mastery
1
Covalent Bonding, Functional Groups, and ReactivityAvailable
Long-form
2
Thermodynamics in BiochemistryAvailable
Long-form
3
Redox Chemistry and Biological Electron CarriersAvailable
Long-form
4
Water Structure, pH, and Buffer SystemsAvailable
Long-form
5
Noncovalent InteractionsAvailable
Long-form

Electron Transport, Oxidative Phosphorylation & Photosynthesis

6 core skills7% total weight
0/6 completed
6 skills to mastery
1
Reactive Oxygen Species and Antioxidant SystemsAvailable
Long-form
2
Uncouplers and Inhibitors of OxPhosAvailable
Long-form
3
Chemiosmotic Theory and Proton Motive ForceAvailable
Long-form
4
Electron Transport Chain ComponentsAvailable
Long-form
5
ATP Synthase and Oxidative PhosphorylationAvailable
Long-form
6
Photosynthesis: Light Reactions and Calvin CycleAvailable
Long-form

Amino Acids, Proteins & Structure

8 core skills7% total weight
0/8 completed
8 skills to mastery
1
Tertiary and Quaternary Structure; Domains/MotifsAvailable
Long-form
2
Protein Function: Binding Sites, Allostery, SpecificityAvailable
Long-form
3
Amino Acid Structure, Properties, pKa BehaviorAvailable
Long-form
4
Secondary StructureAvailable
Long-form
5
Protein Purification Concepts (Chromatography Overview)Available
Long-form
6
Disulfide Bonds and Post-Translational ModificationsAvailable
Long-form
7
Peptide Bonds and Primary StructureAvailable
Long-form
8
Protein Folding, Stability, and DenaturationAvailable
Long-form

Lipids, Membranes & Transport

6 core skills7% total weight
0/6 completed
6 skills to mastery
1
Transport Mechanisms: Diffusion, Facilitated, Active TransportAvailable
Long-form
2
Phospholipids, Sphingolipids, and CholesterolAvailable
Long-form
3
Fatty Acids, Triacylglycerols, and Energy DensityAvailable
Long-form
4
Membrane Structure and Fluid Mosaic ModelAvailable
Long-form
5
Lipoproteins and Lipid TransportAvailable
Long-form
6
Membrane Proteins: Channels, Transporters, ReceptorsAvailable
Long-form

Nucleotides, DNA/RNA & Information Flow

6 core skills7% total weight
0/6 completed
6 skills to mastery
1
RNA Structure and TypesAvailable
Long-form
2
DNA Structure, Replication Principles, and FidelityAvailable
Long-form
3
Translation and the Genetic CodeAvailable
Long-form
4
Mutations and Molecular ConsequencesAvailable
Long-form
5
Nucleotide Structure and Base PairingAvailable
Long-form
6
Transcription Principles and RegulationAvailable
Long-form

Clinical and Applied Biochemistry

4 core skills7% total weight
0/4 completed
4 skills to mastery
1
Drug–Target Interactions and Enzyme InhibitorsAvailable
Long-form
2
Metabolic Disorders and Pathway DefectsAvailable
Long-form
3
Hemoglobin/Oxygen BindingAvailable
Long-form
4
Nutrition and Macronutrient MetabolismAvailable
Long-form

Biochemical Techniques & Data Interpretation

9 core skills7% total weight
0/9 completed
9 skills to mastery
1
Basic Statistics for Biochem DataAvailable
Long-form
2
SDS-PAGE and Western BlotAvailable
Long-form
3
Interpreting Graphs and Multi-Panel FiguresAvailable
Long-form
4
Spectrophotometry and Beer–Lambert LawAvailable
Long-form
5
Enzyme Assay DataAvailable
Long-form
6
Chromatography MethodsAvailable
Long-form
7
Experimental Design: Controls, Replicates, and ConfoundsAvailable
Long-form
8
ELISA and ImmunodetectionAvailable
Long-form
9
PCR, Cloning, and DNA SequencingAvailable
Long-form

Carbohydrates & Glycobiology

5 core skills7% total weight
0/5 completed
5 skills to mastery
1
Carbohydrate Roles: Energy Storage, Cell RecognitionAvailable
Long-form
2
Glycosidic Bonds and Disaccharides/PolysaccharidesAvailable
Long-form
3
Monosaccharide Structure, Stereochemistry, and AnomersAvailable
Long-form
4
Reducing Sugars and Carbohydrate ReactivityAvailable
Long-form
5
Glycolipids and GlycoproteinsAvailable
Long-form

Amino Acids Proteins & Structure

1 core skills7% total weight
0/1 completed
1 skill to mastery
1
Ubiquitin-Proteasome Pathway and Protein DegradationAvailable
Long-form

Metabolic Integration & Regulation

5 core skills7% total weight
0/5 completed
5 skills to mastery
1
Metabolic Control Analysis, Rate-Limiting StepsAvailable
Long-form
2
Energetic Efficiency and FluxAvailable
Long-form
3
Hormonal Regulation of MetabolismAvailable
Long-form
4
Fasting vs Fed States: Metabolic AdaptationsAvailable
Long-form
5
Tissue-Specific Metabolism: Liver, Muscle, AdiposeAvailable
Long-form

Nucleotides DNA/RNA & Information Flow

3 core skills7% total weight
0/3 completed
3 skills to mastery
1
Nucleotide Biosynthesis: De Novo/Salvage PathwaysAvailable
Long-form
2
DNA Repair MechanismsAvailable
Long-form
3
mRNA Processing: Capping Splicing and PolyadenylationAvailable
Long-form

Enzymes & Kinetics

8 core skills7% total weight
0/8 completed
8 skills to mastery
1
Lineweaver–Burk and Alternative Linear PlotsAvailable
Long-form
2
Michaelis–Menten Kinetics: Vmax, Km, kcatAvailable
Long-form
3
Enzyme Function and Active Site ChemistryAvailable
Long-form
4
Enzyme Inhibition: Competitive, Noncompetitive, Uncompetitive, MixedAvailable
Long-form
5
Cofactors and CoenzymesAvailable
Long-form
6
pH, Temperature, and Enzyme ActivityAvailable
Long-form
7
Catalytic StrategiesAvailable
Long-form
8
Allosteric Regulation and Cooperative BindingAvailable
Long-form