Identifying Specific Carbohydrate Structures - Biochemistry
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The molecule sucrose is shown below
What is the full name for this molecule?
The molecule sucrose is shown below
What is the full name for this molecule?
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Sucrose is the molecule shown below(in Haworth projection).
We recognize that it's a disaccharide, and that the first molecule is 
-D-glucopyranose. The bond to the second monosaccharide (fructose) is tricky because the glycosidic bond is going to the anomeric carbon of fructose. Therefore, this is a 1-2 linkage. Finally, since the anomeric carbon of fructose is pointing in the same direction as the 6th carbon, this is a 
-D-fructopyranose.
Sucrose is the molecule shown below(in Haworth projection).
We recognize that it's a disaccharide, and that the first molecule is
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Which if the following statements about glucose is false?
Which if the following statements about glucose is false?
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Glucose and fructose have the same constituent atoms, so they have the same molecular mass (about 
). Glucose exists in aqueous solution in an equilibrium of open-chain and several cyclic isomer forms, the most common of which is pyranose, but also one of which is furanose. Upon forming a ring structure, glucose may take one of two anomers, alpha or beta. The relative proportion of the mutarotated beta form is increased versus the alpha form because the beta anomer is such that all non hydrogen substituents are in the equitorial position. Glucose can indeed be isomerized into fructose; this is part of glycolysis.
Glucose and fructose have the same constituent atoms, so they have the same molecular mass (about
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Glucose and galactose share a chemical formula and are known as epimers.
What is the difference between glucose and galactose?
Glucose and galactose share a chemical formula and are known as epimers.
What is the difference between glucose and galactose?
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As a pair of epimers, this means that both glucose and galactose are the same in configuration in all carbons except for one non-carbonyl carbon. To differ in the configuration of the carbonyl carbon makes an anomer not an epimer. Both glucose and galactose are aldoses.
As a pair of epimers, this means that both glucose and galactose are the same in configuration in all carbons except for one non-carbonyl carbon. To differ in the configuration of the carbonyl carbon makes an anomer not an epimer. Both glucose and galactose are aldoses.
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What is the difference between two carbohydrates that are epimers and two carbohydrates that are anomers?
What is the difference between two carbohydrates that are epimers and two carbohydrates that are anomers?
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A set of anomers will differ in the configurations of their carbonyl carbons only while a set of epimers will differ in configuration in only one carbon that is not the carbonyl carbon.
A set of anomers will differ in the configurations of their carbonyl carbons only while a set of epimers will differ in configuration in only one carbon that is not the carbonyl carbon.
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Which of the following sugars is lactose?
Which of the following sugars is lactose?
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Lactose is made by joining a 
galactose to a glucose via a 
carbon pathway. Both sugars are D-sugars.
Lactose is made by joining a
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Identify the given structure.
Identify the given structure.
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D-fructose is a ketohexos. Keto indicates the ketone present on carbon 2 and hexose indicates a six-carbon sugar. The D-isomer is determined by the orientation of the highest number asymmetric carbon, which has the hydroxyl group oriented to the right in the Fischer projection.
D-fructose is a ketohexos. Keto indicates the ketone present on carbon 2 and hexose indicates a six-carbon sugar. The D-isomer is determined by the orientation of the highest number asymmetric carbon, which has the hydroxyl group oriented to the right in the Fischer projection.
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Identify the given structure.
Identify the given structure.
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D-galactose is an aldohexose. Aldo indicates the aldehyde at the first carbon and hexose indicates a six-carbon sugar. The D-isomer is determined by the orientation of the highest number asymmetric carbon, which has a hydroxyl group pointin to the right in this Fischer projection.
D-galactose is an aldohexose. Aldo indicates the aldehyde at the first carbon and hexose indicates a six-carbon sugar. The D-isomer is determined by the orientation of the highest number asymmetric carbon, which has a hydroxyl group pointin to the right in this Fischer projection.
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Identify the given structure.
Identify the given structure.
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D-glucose is an aldohexose, one of the most important carbohydrates in biochemistry. Aldo indicates the aldehyde at the first carbon. Hexose indicates a six-carbon sugar. The D-isomer is determined by the orientation of the highest number asymmetric carbon, which has a hydroxyl group pointing to the right in the Fischer projection.
D-glucose is an aldohexose, one of the most important carbohydrates in biochemistry. Aldo indicates the aldehyde at the first carbon. Hexose indicates a six-carbon sugar. The D-isomer is determined by the orientation of the highest number asymmetric carbon, which has a hydroxyl group pointing to the right in the Fischer projection.
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Identify the given structure.
Identify the given structure.
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D-mannose is an aldohexose. Aldo indicates the aldehyde on the first carbon and the hexose indicates a six-carbon sugar. The D-isomer is determined by the orientation of the highest number asymmetric carbon, which has a hydroxyl group pointing to the right in the Fischer projection.
D-mannose is an aldohexose. Aldo indicates the aldehyde on the first carbon and the hexose indicates a six-carbon sugar. The D-isomer is determined by the orientation of the highest number asymmetric carbon, which has a hydroxyl group pointing to the right in the Fischer projection.
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Identify the given structure.
Identify the given structure.
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D-ribose is an aldopentose. Aldo indicates the aldehyde on the first carbon and the pentose indicates a five-carbon sugar. The D-isomer is determined by the orientation of the highest number asymmetric carbon, which has a hydroxyl group pointing to the right in the Fischer projection.
D-ribose is an aldopentose. Aldo indicates the aldehyde on the first carbon and the pentose indicates a five-carbon sugar. The D-isomer is determined by the orientation of the highest number asymmetric carbon, which has a hydroxyl group pointing to the right in the Fischer projection.
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Which of the following enzymes is correctly paired with its products and substrates?
Which of the following enzymes is correctly paired with its products and substrates?
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An easy way to distinguish the substrate and the product from the enzyme is that the enzyme will end in "ase". The following are the common substrates, enzymes and the associated products.
An easy way to distinguish the substrate and the product from the enzyme is that the enzyme will end in "ase". The following are the common substrates, enzymes and the associated products.
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Which of the following enzymes is correctly paired with its products and substrates?
Which of the following enzymes is correctly paired with its products and substrates?
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An easy way to distinguish the substrate nd the product from the enzyme is that the enzyme will end in "ase". The following are the common substrates, enzymes and the associated products.
An easy way to distinguish the substrate nd the product from the enzyme is that the enzyme will end in "ase". The following are the common substrates, enzymes and the associated products.
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Which of the following enzymes is correctly paired with its products and substrates?
Which of the following enzymes is correctly paired with its products and substrates?
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An easy way to distinguish the substrate and the product from the enzyme is that the enzyme will end in "ase". The following are the common substrates, enzymes and the associated products.
An easy way to distinguish the substrate and the product from the enzyme is that the enzyme will end in "ase". The following are the common substrates, enzymes and the associated products.
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The following are the common substrates, enzymes and the associated products.
Although cellulose provides the same carbohydrates as maltose, it cannot be broken down by humans. What type of linkage prevents humans from breaking down the polysaccharide?
The following are the common substrates, enzymes and the associated products.
Although cellulose provides the same carbohydrates as maltose, it cannot be broken down by humans. What type of linkage prevents humans from breaking down the polysaccharide?
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The beta-1,4 glycosidic bond is not a substrate for any human enzymes, and is thus left untreated.
The beta-1,4 glycosidic bond is not a substrate for any human enzymes, and is thus left untreated.
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Which of the following enzymes is correctly paired with its products and substrates?
Which of the following enzymes is correctly paired with its products and substrates?
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An easy way to distinguish the substrate and the product from the enzyme is that the enzyme will end in "ase". The following are the common substrates, enzymes and the associated products.
An easy way to distinguish the substrate and the product from the enzyme is that the enzyme will end in "ase". The following are the common substrates, enzymes and the associated products.
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Identify the given structure.
Identify the given structure.
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The pictured ketohexose is D-sorbose. Keto indicates the ketone present on carbon number two and hexose indicates a six-carbon sugar. The D-isomer is determined by the orientation of the highest number asymmetric carbon, which has a hydroxyl group pointing to the right in the Fischer projection.
The pictured ketohexose is D-sorbose. Keto indicates the ketone present on carbon number two and hexose indicates a six-carbon sugar. The D-isomer is determined by the orientation of the highest number asymmetric carbon, which has a hydroxyl group pointing to the right in the Fischer projection.
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Identify the carbohydrate class of the given molecule.
Identify the carbohydrate class of the given molecule.
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The structure is of a ketohexose. Keto- refers to the ketone at the second carbon and hexose refers to a carbohydrate with six carbons.
The structure is of a ketohexose. Keto- refers to the ketone at the second carbon and hexose refers to a carbohydrate with six carbons.
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Identify the carbohydrate class of the given molecule.
Identify the carbohydrate class of the given molecule.
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The structure is of an aldohexose. Aldo- refers to the aldehyde at the first carbon, and the hexose refers to a carbohydrate with six carbons.
The structure is of an aldohexose. Aldo- refers to the aldehyde at the first carbon, and the hexose refers to a carbohydrate with six carbons.
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Identify the carbohydrate class of the given molecule.
Identify the carbohydrate class of the given molecule.
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The structure is an aldopentose. Aldo- refers to the aldehyde at the first carbon and pentose refers to a carbohydrate with five carbons.
The structure is an aldopentose. Aldo- refers to the aldehyde at the first carbon and pentose refers to a carbohydrate with five carbons.
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Identify the carbohydrate class of the given molecule.
Identify the carbohydrate class of the given molecule.
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The structure is a ketopentose. Keto- refers to the ketone at the second carbon and pentose refers to a carbohydrate with five carbons.
The structure is a ketopentose. Keto- refers to the ketone at the second carbon and pentose refers to a carbohydrate with five carbons.
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