Social History
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AP World History: Modern › Social History
Although the Japanese samurai were a social class traditionally associated with swordsmanship, originally they were .
cavalry archers
infantry pikemen
infantry using tridents and nets
musketeers
naval officers
Explanation
The samurai were originally cavalry archers.
Although many samurai were proficient with spears and pikes, they were originally cavalry archers.
Although there may have been some individual exceptions, the samurai were not known to ever use nets and tridents.
Eventually the samurai became proficient with firearms like muskets, but only just before their extinction as a distinct social group.
Japan did have a maritime tradition, but the samurai were never a large part of that tradition.
Which social class, in both France and England, suffered the greatest deprivations during the course of the Hundred Years’ War?
The peasantry
The landed nobility
Small landowners
The clergy
Explanation
Although the Hundred Years’ War inflicted pain upon the entirety of both the French and English populations, in both countries, the peasantry was the most devastated of all social groups. This is largely due to the fact that prior to the war’s outbreak, the peasants were already the most vulnerable and troubled social class – their lowly status, coupled with their confinement to their masters’ lands, a lack of education, and chronic malnutrition, meant that any sufferings brought on by the war would already weaken them even further. Furthermore, the French and English governments compounded the peasants’ suffering by recruiting (either willingly or unwillingly) nearly every male of fighting age into the army – and the category of fighting age was set rather low. The national governments also raised taxes on the peasants and forced them to provide more services (such as food and raw materials) for either a reduced price or entirely for free, with the excuse of the necessity of the war effort as justification.
Which social class, in both France and England, suffered the greatest deprivations during the course of the Hundred Years’ War?
The peasantry
The landed nobility
Small landowners
The clergy
Explanation
Although the Hundred Years’ War inflicted pain upon the entirety of both the French and English populations, in both countries, the peasantry was the most devastated of all social groups. This is largely due to the fact that prior to the war’s outbreak, the peasants were already the most vulnerable and troubled social class – their lowly status, coupled with their confinement to their masters’ lands, a lack of education, and chronic malnutrition, meant that any sufferings brought on by the war would already weaken them even further. Furthermore, the French and English governments compounded the peasants’ suffering by recruiting (either willingly or unwillingly) nearly every male of fighting age into the army – and the category of fighting age was set rather low. The national governments also raised taxes on the peasants and forced them to provide more services (such as food and raw materials) for either a reduced price or entirely for free, with the excuse of the necessity of the war effort as justification.
Nationalism, as represented in nineteenth century Europe, is best described as the belief .
that all people linked by culture, religion, or language should make up one political state
in the superiority of people from Northern Europe over ethnicities and races
in the power of democracy to create the fairest and most just form of government
that citizens of a nation are best ruled by a monarch of their own choosing
that all people of the globe should be united under one form of government
Explanation
After the Napoleonic Wars at the start of the nineteenth century, many states were redrawn and reorganized. Additionally, the romantic and revolutionary movements of Europe in the early nineteenth century highlighted the shared histories of certain peoples. The desire for shared cultural, language, and religious heritages to be united in one state would both create modern Italy and Germany, while also spelling the destruction of multi-ethnic and multi-lingual nations like the Austro-Hungarian Empire by the end of World War I in 1918.
Primogeniture was the set of laws behind which medieval practice?
the inheritance of land, wealth, and title by male offspring
the burning of heretics at the stake
the crusading for reclaiming the holy land
the bicameral parliament structure of Lords and Commons
the writing of romantic ballads
Explanation
Primogeniture was the strict code of inheritance that passed all wealth land and titles down from father to eldest son. This practice severely limited the independence of women in society, and kept wealth from being distributed among lower classes.
Nationalism, as represented in nineteenth century Europe, is best described as the belief .
that all people linked by culture, religion, or language should make up one political state
in the superiority of people from Northern Europe over ethnicities and races
in the power of democracy to create the fairest and most just form of government
that citizens of a nation are best ruled by a monarch of their own choosing
that all people of the globe should be united under one form of government
Explanation
After the Napoleonic Wars at the start of the nineteenth century, many states were redrawn and reorganized. Additionally, the romantic and revolutionary movements of Europe in the early nineteenth century highlighted the shared histories of certain peoples. The desire for shared cultural, language, and religious heritages to be united in one state would both create modern Italy and Germany, while also spelling the destruction of multi-ethnic and multi-lingual nations like the Austro-Hungarian Empire by the end of World War I in 1918.
Which of these best describes the relationship between traditional elites and merchants during the early medieval period?
Elites generally viewed merchants with disdain and were reluctant to welcome them into the upper class.
Elites generally viewed merchants with disgust and believed that trade should be illegal.
Elites generally viewed merchants favorably and were eager to profit from the growth of trade.
Elites generally viewed merchants favorably and engaged in many trading ventures of their own.
None of these answers accurately describes the relationship between elites and merchants during the early medieval period.
Explanation
During the early medieval period, the upper classes of societies had generally already been established. The elites in society were the landowning classes. During this period, however, the growth of trade meant that some merchants grew immensely wealthy. The elites, in the vast majority of societies, viewed merchants disdainfully and were very reluctant to welcome merchants into the upper class.
Although the Japanese samurai were a social class traditionally associated with swordsmanship, originally they were .
cavalry archers
infantry pikemen
infantry using tridents and nets
musketeers
naval officers
Explanation
The samurai were originally cavalry archers.
Although many samurai were proficient with spears and pikes, they were originally cavalry archers.
Although there may have been some individual exceptions, the samurai were not known to ever use nets and tridents.
Eventually the samurai became proficient with firearms like muskets, but only just before their extinction as a distinct social group.
Japan did have a maritime tradition, but the samurai were never a large part of that tradition.
Which social class, in both France and England, suffered the greatest deprivations during the course of the Hundred Years’ War?
The peasantry
The landed nobility
Small landowners
The clergy
Explanation
Although the Hundred Years’ War inflicted pain upon the entirety of both the French and English populations, in both countries, the peasantry was the most devastated of all social groups. This is largely due to the fact that prior to the war’s outbreak, the peasants were already the most vulnerable and troubled social class – their lowly status, coupled with their confinement to their masters’ lands, a lack of education, and chronic malnutrition, meant that any sufferings brought on by the war would already weaken them even further. Furthermore, the French and English governments compounded the peasants’ suffering by recruiting (either willingly or unwillingly) nearly every male of fighting age into the army – and the category of fighting age was set rather low. The national governments also raised taxes on the peasants and forced them to provide more services (such as food and raw materials) for either a reduced price or entirely for free, with the excuse of the necessity of the war effort as justification.
Although the Japanese samurai were a social class traditionally associated with swordsmanship, originally they were .
cavalry archers
infantry pikemen
infantry using tridents and nets
musketeers
naval officers
Explanation
The samurai were originally cavalry archers.
Although many samurai were proficient with spears and pikes, they were originally cavalry archers.
Although there may have been some individual exceptions, the samurai were not known to ever use nets and tridents.
Eventually the samurai became proficient with firearms like muskets, but only just before their extinction as a distinct social group.
Japan did have a maritime tradition, but the samurai were never a large part of that tradition.