Regional and Global Groups and Organizations 600 CE to 1450 - AP World History: Modern

Tamil kingdoms arose in southern India at various times throughout the history of the subcontinent. They were particularly influential after the fall of the Gupta in the sixth century. They were an important part of the Indian Ocean trading network.

During the Middle Ages (before the emergence of the dominant Hapsburg family in the fifteenth century), the Holy Roman Emperor was elected by a committee of nobles from within the empire. This was in stark contrast to most other European states at this time where authority was hereditary.

During the High Middle Ages, the Catholic church was locked in an interminable battle with the various monarchs of Europe over who should have ultimate secular authority. The Catholic church argued that Europe was one Christian civilization and that the Pope should have supreme power over Christendom, and thus, all the monarchs of Europe. This, naturally, led to a great deal of conflict and squabbling between Europe’s monarchs and the Papacy.

During the Medieval period, Italy was a highly decentralized and urbanized part of Europe. People in that time period would not have recognized the concept of “Italy” and would instead have viewed themselves as members of independent city-states. The most influential during this period were Florence and Venice in the northeast, Milan in the northwest, and Naples in the south.

Excommunication was a potent political tool wielded by the Papacy during the medieval period. Through excommunication, the Papacy could exclude an individual, or a whole country, from the practice of Catholicism and the promise of eternal salvation. It was used throughout the Middle Ages and the Renaissance period to reinforce the authority of the Papacy and to manipulate the decisions of secular rulers.

The Zulu kingdom was a 19th-century state based in South Africa that fought a series of wars with expansionist Boer and British forces primarily during the 1860s. The label of pre-Columbia society is reserved for societies that existed in the Americas before colonial expansion and contact. The Zulu kingdom, while a society that existed prior to colonial European expansion, is excluded from this definition due to simple geography.

Tamil kingdoms arose in southern India at various times throughout the history of the subcontinent. They were particularly influential after the fall of the Gupta in the sixth century. They were an important part of the Indian Ocean trading network.

During the Middle Ages (before the emergence of the dominant Hapsburg family in the fifteenth century), the Holy Roman Emperor was elected by a committee of nobles from within the empire. This was in stark contrast to most other European states at this time where authority was hereditary.

During the High Middle Ages, the Catholic church was locked in an interminable battle with the various monarchs of Europe over who should have ultimate secular authority. The Catholic church argued that Europe was one Christian civilization and that the Pope should have supreme power over Christendom, and thus, all the monarchs of Europe. This, naturally, led to a great deal of conflict and squabbling between Europe’s monarchs and the Papacy.

During the Medieval period, Italy was a highly decentralized and urbanized part of Europe. People in that time period would not have recognized the concept of “Italy” and would instead have viewed themselves as members of independent city-states. The most influential during this period were Florence and Venice in the northeast, Milan in the northwest, and Naples in the south.

Excommunication was a potent political tool wielded by the Papacy during the medieval period. Through excommunication, the Papacy could exclude an individual, or a whole country, from the practice of Catholicism and the promise of eternal salvation. It was used throughout the Middle Ages and the Renaissance period to reinforce the authority of the Papacy and to manipulate the decisions of secular rulers.

The Zulu kingdom was a 19th-century state based in South Africa that fought a series of wars with expansionist Boer and British forces primarily during the 1860s. The label of pre-Columbia society is reserved for societies that existed in the Americas before colonial expansion and contact. The Zulu kingdom, while a society that existed prior to colonial European expansion, is excluded from this definition due to simple geography.

Tamil kingdoms arose in southern India at various times throughout the history of the subcontinent. They were particularly influential after the fall of the Gupta in the sixth century. They were an important part of the Indian Ocean trading network.

During the Middle Ages (before the emergence of the dominant Hapsburg family in the fifteenth century), the Holy Roman Emperor was elected by a committee of nobles from within the empire. This was in stark contrast to most other European states at this time where authority was hereditary.

During the High Middle Ages, the Catholic church was locked in an interminable battle with the various monarchs of Europe over who should have ultimate secular authority. The Catholic church argued that Europe was one Christian civilization and that the Pope should have supreme power over Christendom, and thus, all the monarchs of Europe. This, naturally, led to a great deal of conflict and squabbling between Europe’s monarchs and the Papacy.

During the Medieval period, Italy was a highly decentralized and urbanized part of Europe. People in that time period would not have recognized the concept of “Italy” and would instead have viewed themselves as members of independent city-states. The most influential during this period were Florence and Venice in the northeast, Milan in the northwest, and Naples in the south.

Excommunication was a potent political tool wielded by the Papacy during the medieval period. Through excommunication, the Papacy could exclude an individual, or a whole country, from the practice of Catholicism and the promise of eternal salvation. It was used throughout the Middle Ages and the Renaissance period to reinforce the authority of the Papacy and to manipulate the decisions of secular rulers.

The Zulu kingdom was a 19th-century state based in South Africa that fought a series of wars with expansionist Boer and British forces primarily during the 1860s. The label of pre-Columbia society is reserved for societies that existed in the Americas before colonial expansion and contact. The Zulu kingdom, while a society that existed prior to colonial European expansion, is excluded from this definition due to simple geography.

Tamil kingdoms arose in southern India at various times throughout the history of the subcontinent. They were particularly influential after the fall of the Gupta in the sixth century. They were an important part of the Indian Ocean trading network.