Practice Test 12

Self-efficacy alone, because belief by itself causes achievement, while environment and behavior do not meaningfully affect outcomes.

Trait theory: math ability is a fixed trait, so practice and classroom support cannot change performance meaningfully.

Reciprocal determinism, as beliefs, increased practice behavior, and a changing classroom environment mutually reinforce each other.

Internal locus of control, because attributing outcomes to effort explains why classmates become supportive without any interaction effects.