Social Psychology

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AP Psychology › Social Psychology

Questions 1 - 10
1

Which of the following is included in Mary K. Rothbart's dimension of effortful control?

All of these

Control of attention

Inhibitory control

Perceptual sensitivity

Low threshold for pleasure

Explanation

Effortful control is the third dimension of Mary K. Rothbart's model of temperament. According to Rothbart, effortful control is the highest indicator of what will predict long-term happiness. It includes a low threshold for pleasure and ability to be in control of one's desires. People who have a high effortful control will often make committed decisions and work hard.

2

Research has indicated that physical attractiveness has an effect on which of the following?

All of these

Job interviews

Romantic relationships

Perception of intelligence

Average salary

Explanation

Physical attractiveness has an affect in nearly every part of life. Due to psychological phenomena like the halo effect (e.g. when one character trait of a person leads others to assume other traits about them), physical attractiveness can lead individuals to believe that someone seems more intelligent, likeable, or competent. In terms of job interviews and average salary, studies have shown that conventionally attractive people tend to get jobs more easily and make more money. And, of course, physical attractiveness is one criterion that people consider important with regard to dating and relationships.

3

Research has indicated that physical attractiveness has an effect on which of the following?

All of these

Job interviews

Romantic relationships

Perception of intelligence

Average salary

Explanation

Physical attractiveness has an affect in nearly every part of life. Due to psychological phenomena like the halo effect (e.g. when one character trait of a person leads others to assume other traits about them), physical attractiveness can lead individuals to believe that someone seems more intelligent, likeable, or competent. In terms of job interviews and average salary, studies have shown that conventionally attractive people tend to get jobs more easily and make more money. And, of course, physical attractiveness is one criterion that people consider important with regard to dating and relationships.

4

Which of the following is included in Mary K. Rothbart's dimension of effortful control?

All of these

Control of attention

Inhibitory control

Perceptual sensitivity

Low threshold for pleasure

Explanation

Effortful control is the third dimension of Mary K. Rothbart's model of temperament. According to Rothbart, effortful control is the highest indicator of what will predict long-term happiness. It includes a low threshold for pleasure and ability to be in control of one's desires. People who have a high effortful control will often make committed decisions and work hard.

5

A toothpaste ad claiming to be "dentists' favorite brand" is utilizing which of Cialdini's principles of influence?

Authority/Expertise

Liking

Reciprocity

Scarcity

Social Proof/Consensus

Explanation

Because dentists are experts/authorities in the field of dental care, a toothpaste ad claiming their approval appeals to their authority to convince consumers to buy the product- basically, they're saying "if dentists think our toothpaste is good, you should think it's good too."

6

Which of the following concepts explains why Emily was more willing to say yes to Sue's smaller request after Emily already denied Sue's larger request?

Door in the face technique

Foot in the door technique

Heuristic persuasion

Cognitive dissonance

Norm of reciprocity

Explanation

The norm of reciprocity, the door in the face technique, the foot in the door technique, and heuristic persuasion are all methods of persuasion—or are clearly related to methods of persuasion.

The foot in the door technique is the idea that if you ask for something smaller than what you want and they agree, you can then ask for (and get) the bigger thing that you really want.

The norm of reciprocity is the idea that someone will tend to reciprocate favors with favors or hostility with hostility; in terms of persuasion, reminding someone that they owe you a favor can persuade them to do something for you. Heuristic persuasion is persuasion based on habit or emotion. Last, cognitive dissonance is not a persuasion technique; it describes the discomfort people face when they realize their own inconsistent beliefs.

7

Which of the following concepts explains why Emily was more willing to say yes to Sue's smaller request after Emily already denied Sue's larger request?

Door in the face technique

Foot in the door technique

Heuristic persuasion

Cognitive dissonance

Norm of reciprocity

Explanation

The norm of reciprocity, the door in the face technique, the foot in the door technique, and heuristic persuasion are all methods of persuasion—or are clearly related to methods of persuasion.

The foot in the door technique is the idea that if you ask for something smaller than what you want and they agree, you can then ask for (and get) the bigger thing that you really want.

The norm of reciprocity is the idea that someone will tend to reciprocate favors with favors or hostility with hostility; in terms of persuasion, reminding someone that they owe you a favor can persuade them to do something for you. Heuristic persuasion is persuasion based on habit or emotion. Last, cognitive dissonance is not a persuasion technique; it describes the discomfort people face when they realize their own inconsistent beliefs.

8

A toothpaste ad claiming to be "dentists' favorite brand" is utilizing which of Cialdini's principles of influence?

Authority/Expertise

Liking

Reciprocity

Scarcity

Social Proof/Consensus

Explanation

Because dentists are experts/authorities in the field of dental care, a toothpaste ad claiming their approval appeals to their authority to convince consumers to buy the product- basically, they're saying "if dentists think our toothpaste is good, you should think it's good too."

9

Which of the following is best described as a common defense mechanism employed by adolescents?

Denial of negative characteristics

Admittance of negative characteristics

Make lots of friends in fear of being alone

Isolation from all types of people

Explanation

Adolescents deny their negative characteristics in order to protect themselves while on their quest for self-understanding. They do not necessarily isolate themselves from all types of people, nor do all of them make many friends just because they are afraid to be alone.

10

Which of the following is best described as a common defense mechanism employed by adolescents?

Denial of negative characteristics

Admittance of negative characteristics

Make lots of friends in fear of being alone

Isolation from all types of people

Explanation

Adolescents deny their negative characteristics in order to protect themselves while on their quest for self-understanding. They do not necessarily isolate themselves from all types of people, nor do all of them make many friends just because they are afraid to be alone.

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