Intelligence and Achievement - AP Psychology

Robert Sternberg is known for the triarchic theory of intelligence. Sternberg proposed three distinct types of intellectual ability.

Analytical, creative, and practical intelligence. These three components work together in Sternberg's model.

Emotional intelligence is the ability to perceive, control, and evaluate emotions. EI focuses on understanding and managing emotions effectively.

Achievement tests measure knowledge and skills in specific areas. Achievement tests assess what has been learned or mastered.

Reliability refers to the consistency of a test's results. Reliable tests produce similar results when repeated.

Norm-referenced tests compare an individual's performance to a group. Scores are interpreted relative to a normative sample.

Criterion-referenced tests measure performance against a fixed set of criteria. Performance judged against absolute standards, not others.

Originality is a characteristic of creativity. Along with flexibility, fluency, and elaboration.

Internal consistency refers to how well test items measure the same construct. All items should correlate with the total score.

Alfred Binet created the first intelligence test. Binet developed it in 1905 to identify students needing help.

Achievement tests measure knowledge and skills in specific areas. Achievement tests assess what has been learned or mastered.

Using standardized procedures can improve test reliability. Consistent administration reduces measurement error.

Internal consistency refers to how well test items measure the same construct. All items should correlate with the total score.

The Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test (MSCEIT). MSCEIT uses ability-based assessment rather than self-report.

Reliability refers to the consistency of a test's results. Reliable tests produce similar results when repeated.

Mental age is determined by the level of performance on an intelligence test. Based on the difficulty level of problems solved correctly.

Verbal comprehension measures understanding and use of language. Key component of the WAIS verbal intelligence scale.

IQ = $\frac{\text{mental age}}{\text{chronological age}} \times 100$. Terman's original formula comparing mental to chronological age.

Validity is the extent to which a test measures what it claims to measure. Valid tests actually measure their intended construct.

Using standardized procedures can improve test reliability. Consistent administration reduces measurement error.

Content validity is the extent to which a test represents the subject matter. Content validity ensures comprehensive coverage of the domain.

Criterion-related validity is how well one measure predicts an outcome. This type includes predictive and concurrent validity.

Lewis Terman developed the Stanford-Binet test. Terman adapted Binet's test for American populations.

Standardization involves administering tests under consistent conditions. Ensures fair comparison across all test-takers.

Construct validity is the extent to which a test measures the intended concept. Assesses whether the test measures the theoretical construct.

To assess an individual's cognitive abilities and potential. Intelligence tests evaluate thinking skills and reasoning ability.

Cultural bias occurs when a test favors certain cultural groups over others. Unfair advantages for some cultural backgrounds over others.

Test-retest reliability is the consistency of scores over time. Same test given twice to assess temporal stability.

Using culturally neutral questions can reduce bias. Culture-fair items reduce unfair cultural advantages.