All flashcards
Flashcard 1: What is the Flynn Effect?
Answer: The Flynn Effect is the observed rise in average IQ scores over time. Named after James Flynn, who documented this generational trend.
Flashcard 2: Which psychologist is known for the triarchic theory of intelligence?
Answer: Robert Sternberg is known for the triarchic theory of intelligence. Sternberg proposed three distinct types of intellectual ability.
Flashcard 3: List the three components of Sternberg's triarchic theory.
Answer: Analytical, creative, and practical intelligence. These three components work together in Sternberg's model.
Flashcard 4: Define 'emotional intelligence'.
Answer: Emotional intelligence is the ability to perceive, control, and evaluate emotions. EI focuses on understanding and managing emotions effectively.
Flashcard 5: What is the primary focus of achievement tests?
Answer: Achievement tests measure knowledge and skills in specific areas. Achievement tests assess what has been learned or mastered.
Flashcard 6: How is reliability defined in testing?
Answer: Reliability refers to the consistency of a test's results. Reliable tests produce similar results when repeated.
Flashcard 7: What does 'norm-referenced' mean?
Answer: Norm-referenced tests compare an individual's performance to a group. Scores are interpreted relative to a normative sample.
Flashcard 8: What is 'criterion-referenced' testing?
Answer: Criterion-referenced tests measure performance against a fixed set of criteria. Performance judged against absolute standards, not others.
Flashcard 9: Identify a characteristic of creativity.
Answer: Originality is a characteristic of creativity. Along with flexibility, fluency, and elaboration.
Flashcard 10: What is 'internal consistency' in testing?
Answer: Internal consistency refers to how well test items measure the same construct. All items should correlate with the total score.
Flashcard 11: Identify the creator of the first intelligence test.
Answer: Alfred Binet created the first intelligence test. Binet developed it in 1905 to identify students needing help.
Flashcard 12: What is the primary focus of achievement tests?
Answer: Achievement tests measure knowledge and skills in specific areas. Achievement tests assess what has been learned or mastered.
Flashcard 13: Identify one method to improve test reliability.
Answer: Using standardized procedures can improve test reliability. Consistent administration reduces measurement error.
Flashcard 14: What is 'internal consistency' in testing?
Answer: Internal consistency refers to how well test items measure the same construct. All items should correlate with the total score.
Flashcard 15: Which test measures emotional intelligence?
Answer: The Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test (MSCEIT). MSCEIT uses ability-based assessment rather than self-report.
Flashcard 16: How is reliability defined in testing?
Answer: Reliability refers to the consistency of a test's results. Reliable tests produce similar results when repeated.
Flashcard 17: How is 'mental age' determined?
Answer: Mental age is determined by the level of performance on an intelligence test. Based on the difficulty level of problems solved correctly.
Flashcard 18: What is 'verbal comprehension' in intelligence testing?
Answer: Verbal comprehension measures understanding and use of language. Key component of the WAIS verbal intelligence scale.
Flashcard 19: State the formula for calculating IQ in children.
Answer: IQ = chronological agemental age×100. Terman's original formula comparing mental to chronological age.
Flashcard 20: What does 'validity' mean in the context of testing?
Answer: Validity is the extent to which a test measures what it claims to measure. Valid tests actually measure their intended construct.
Flashcard 21: Identify one method to improve test reliability.
Answer: Using standardized procedures can improve test reliability. Consistent administration reduces measurement error.
Flashcard 22: What is 'content validity'?
Answer: Content validity is the extent to which a test represents the subject matter. Content validity ensures comprehensive coverage of the domain.
Flashcard 23: What is 'criterion-related validity'?
Answer: Criterion-related validity is how well one measure predicts an outcome. This type includes predictive and concurrent validity.
Flashcard 24: Which psychologist developed the Stanford-Binet test?
Answer: Lewis Terman developed the Stanford-Binet test. Terman adapted Binet's test for American populations.
Flashcard 25: Define 'standardization' in the context of testing.
Answer: Standardization involves administering tests under consistent conditions. Ensures fair comparison across all test-takers.
Flashcard 26: What is 'construct validity'?
Answer: Construct validity is the extent to which a test measures the intended concept. Assesses whether the test measures the theoretical construct.
Flashcard 27: What is the primary goal of intelligence tests?
Answer: To assess an individual's cognitive abilities and potential. Intelligence tests evaluate thinking skills and reasoning ability.
Flashcard 28: What is 'cultural bias' in testing?
Answer: Cultural bias occurs when a test favors certain cultural groups over others. Unfair advantages for some cultural backgrounds over others.
Flashcard 29: What is 'test-retest reliability'?
Answer: Test-retest reliability is the consistency of scores over time. Same test given twice to assess temporal stability.
Flashcard 30: How can cultural bias in tests be reduced?
Answer: Using culturally neutral questions can reduce bias. Culture-fair items reduce unfair cultural advantages.