Study Rational Functions And End Behavior in AP Precalculus with focused flashcards that help you recognize the idea, recall the key rule, and apply it in practice-style prompts.
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Flashcard 1: State the vertical asymptotes for f(x)=x2−4x+41.
Answer: Vertical asymptote at x=2. Perfect square: (x−2)2=0 gives x=2.
Flashcard 2: What is the end behavior of f(x)=2x3+53x3 as x approaches infinity?
Answer: f(x) approaches 23 as x→∞. Same degree: divide leading coefficients 23.
Flashcard 3: State the vertical asymptotes for f(x)=x2−4x2−1.
Answer: Vertical asymptotes at x=2 and x=−2. Factor denominator: (x−2)(x+2)=0.
Flashcard 4: What is a removable discontinuity in rational functions?
Answer: A hole where p(x) and q(x) share a common factor. Common factors cancel, creating a hole.
Flashcard 5: What is the end behavior of f(x)=x3+12x2 as x→∞?
Answer: f(x) approaches 0 as x→∞. Numerator degree less than denominator degree.
Flashcard 6: State the horizontal asymptote of f(x)=x2−12x2+3.
Answer: Horizontal asymptote at y=2. Same degree polynomials: ratio of leading coefficients.
Flashcard 7: What is the horizontal asymptote of f(x)=x+43x?
Answer: Horizontal asymptote at y=3. Same degree: ratio of leading coefficients 13.
Flashcard 8: Determine the vertical asymptote of f(x)=x2−4x+3x2+1.
Answer: Vertical asymptotes at x=3 and x=1. Factor denominator: (x−3)(x−1)=0.
Flashcard 9: What is the horizontal asymptote for f(x)=x2+32x?
Answer: Horizontal asymptote at y=0. Numerator degree less than denominator degree.
Flashcard 10: What is the end behavior of f(x)=x2x2+2x+1 as x→∞?
Answer: f(x) approaches 1 as x→∞. Expand and simplify: x2x2+2x+1=1+x2+x21.
Flashcard 11: What is the end behavior of f(x)=x2+12x3 as x→−∞?
Answer: f(x) approaches −∞ as x→−∞. Numerator degree exceeds denominator, goes to −∞.
Flashcard 12: Find the vertical asymptote of f(x)=x−5x2+1.
Answer: Vertical asymptote at x=5. Set denominator equal to zero: x−5=0.
Flashcard 13: State the horizontal asymptote for f(x)=7x+84x+3.
Answer: Horizontal asymptote at y=74. Same degree: ratio of leading coefficients 74.
Flashcard 14: Determine the horizontal asymptote of f(x)=x2+3x+1x+2.
Answer: Horizontal asymptote at y=0. Numerator degree less than denominator degree.
Flashcard 15: What is the end behavior of f(x)=x2+13x4 as x→∞?
Answer: f(x) approaches ∞ as x→∞. Numerator degree exceeds denominator degree.
Flashcard 16: Determine the end behavior of f(x)=x3+1x2 as x→−∞.
Answer: f(x) approaches 0 as x→−∞. Degree of numerator less than denominator.
Flashcard 17: What is the vertical asymptote of f(x)=x2−92x2?
Answer: Vertical asymptotes at x=3 and x=−3. Factor denominator: (x−3)(x+3)=0.
Flashcard 18: State the vertical asymptotes for f(x)=x2−5x+6x2−4.
Answer: Vertical asymptotes at x=3 and x=2. Factor denominator: (x−3)(x−2)=0.
Flashcard 19: Identify the vertical asymptote for f(x)=x−3x+1.
Answer: Vertical asymptote at x=3. Set denominator equal to zero: x−3=0.
Flashcard 20: What does the end behavior of f(x)=x+1x3 as x→∞ approach?
Answer: f(x) approaches ∞ as x→∞. Numerator degree exceeds denominator degree.
Flashcard 21: State the vertical asymptotes for f(x)=x2−5x+6x2−4.
Answer: Vertical asymptotes at x=3 and x=2. Factor denominator: (x−3)(x−2)=0.
Flashcard 22: What is the horizontal asymptote for f(x)=2x−35x+1?
Answer: Horizontal asymptote at y=25. Same degree: ratio of leading coefficients 25.
Flashcard 23: What does the end behavior of f(x)=x+1x3 as x→∞ approach?
Answer: f(x) approaches ∞ as x→∞. Numerator degree exceeds denominator degree.
Flashcard 24: Find the vertical asymptote of f(x)=x−5x2+1.
Answer: Vertical asymptote at x=5. Set denominator equal to zero: x−5=0.
Flashcard 25: What is the end behavior of f(x)=x1 as x approaches ∞?
Answer: f(x) approaches 0 as x→∞. As denominator grows, fraction approaches zero.
Flashcard 26: State the vertical asymptotes for f(x)=x2−4x+41.
Answer: Vertical asymptote at x=2. Perfect square: (x−2)2=0 gives x=2.
Flashcard 27: Identify the horizontal asymptote for f(x)=3x3+15x3.
Answer: Horizontal asymptote at y=35. Same degree: ratio of leading coefficients 35.
Flashcard 28: Identify the removable discontinuity of f(x)=x2+xx2−1.
Answer: Removable discontinuity at x=−1. Factor: x(x+1)(x−1)(x+1) cancels (x+1).
Flashcard 29: What is the end behavior of f(x)=x2+12x3 as x→−∞?
Answer: f(x) approaches −∞ as x→−∞. Numerator degree exceeds denominator, goes to −∞.
Flashcard 30: What is the end behavior of f(x)=x2x2+2x+1 as x→∞?
Answer: f(x) approaches 1 as x→∞. Expand and simplify: x2x2+2x+1=1+x2+x21.
Flashcard 31: State the vertical asymptotes for f(x)=x2−4x2−1.
Answer: Vertical asymptotes at x=2 and x=−2. Factor denominator: (x−2)(x+2)=0.
Flashcard 32: Identify the removable discontinuity of f(x)=x2+xx2−1.
Answer: Removable discontinuity at x=−1. Factor: x(x+1)(x−1)(x+1) cancels (x+1).
Flashcard 33: Identify the removable discontinuity of f(x)=x−2(x−2)(x+3).
Answer: Removable discontinuity at x=2. Common factor (x−2) cancels out.
Flashcard 34: What is the horizontal asymptote of f(x)=2x2−3x+5x2+1?
Answer: Horizontal asymptote at y=21. Same degree: ratio of leading coefficients 21.
Flashcard 35: What is the vertical asymptote of f(x)=x2−92x2?
Answer: Vertical asymptotes at x=3 and x=−3. Factor denominator: (x−3)(x+3)=0.
Flashcard 36: What is a removable discontinuity in rational functions?
Answer: A hole where p(x) and q(x) share a common factor. Common factors cancel, creating a hole.
Flashcard 37: Identify the vertical asymptote for f(x)=x−3x+1.
Answer: Vertical asymptote at x=3. Set denominator equal to zero: x−3=0.
Flashcard 38: What is the end behavior of f(x)=x3+12x2 as x→∞?
Answer: f(x) approaches 0 as x→∞. Numerator degree less than denominator degree.
Flashcard 39: Determine the vertical asymptote of f(x)=x2−2x−3x.
Answer: Vertical asymptotes at x=3 and x=−1. Factor denominator: (x−3)(x+1)=0.
Flashcard 40: What is a rational function?
Answer: A function of the form f(x)=q(x)p(x) where p(x) and q(x) are polynomials. The numerator and denominator must be polynomials.
Flashcard 41: Determine the horizontal asymptote of f(x)=x2+3x+1x+2.
Answer: Horizontal asymptote at y=0. Numerator degree less than denominator degree.
Flashcard 42: What is the horizontal asymptote for f(x)=x2+32x?
Answer: Horizontal asymptote at y=0. Numerator degree less than denominator degree.
Flashcard 43: State the horizontal asymptote for f(x)=7x+84x+3.
Answer: Horizontal asymptote at y=74. Same degree: ratio of leading coefficients 74.
Flashcard 44: Determine the vertical asymptote of f(x)=x2−2x−3x.
Answer: Vertical asymptotes at x=3 and x=−1. Factor denominator: (x−3)(x+1)=0.
Flashcard 45: What is the domain of f(x)=x2−91?
Answer: All real numbers except x=3 and x=−3. Exclude values where x2−9=0.
Flashcard 46: What is the domain of f(x)=x2−45x?
Answer: All real numbers except x=2 and x=−2. Exclude values where x2−4=0.
Flashcard 47: Identify the horizontal asymptote for f(x)=x2+12x2.
Answer: Horizontal asymptote at y=2. Same degree: ratio of leading coefficients 12.
Flashcard 48: What is the domain of f(x)=x−42?
Answer: All real numbers except x=4. Exclude values where denominator equals zero.
Flashcard 49: What is the slant asymptote of f(x)=x−1x2+2x+3?
Answer: Slant asymptote is y=x+3. Numerator degree exceeds denominator by one.
Flashcard 50: What is the domain of f(x)=x2−45x?
Answer: All real numbers except x=2 and x=−2. Exclude values where x2−4=0.
Flashcard 51: What is a rational function?
Answer: A function of the form f(x)=q(x)p(x) where p(x) and q(x) are polynomials. The numerator and denominator must be polynomials.
Flashcard 52: What is the domain of f(x)=x2−91?
Answer: All real numbers except x=3 and x=−3. Exclude values where x2−9=0.
Flashcard 53: What is the end behavior of f(x)=x1 as x approaches ∞?
Answer: f(x) approaches 0 as x→∞. As denominator grows, fraction approaches zero.
Flashcard 54: Identify the horizontal asymptote for f(x)=x2+12x2.
Answer: Horizontal asymptote at y=2. Same degree: ratio of leading coefficients 12.
Flashcard 55: Identify the removable discontinuity of f(x)=x−2(x−2)(x+3).
Answer: Removable discontinuity at x=2. Common factor (x−2) cancels out.
Flashcard 56: Does f(x)=x2+4x2−4 have a horizontal asymptote?
Answer: Yes, y=1. Same degree polynomials have horizontal asymptote.
Flashcard 57: What is the horizontal asymptote for f(x)=2x−35x+1?
Answer: Horizontal asymptote at y=25. Same degree: ratio of leading coefficients 25.
Flashcard 58: Does f(x)=x2+4x2−4 have a horizontal asymptote?
Answer: Yes, y=1. Same degree polynomials have horizontal asymptote.
Flashcard 59: State the horizontal asymptote of f(x)=x2−12x2+3.
Answer: Horizontal asymptote at y=2. Same degree polynomials: ratio of leading coefficients.
Flashcard 60: What is the domain of f(x)=x2−4x2+3x−4?
Answer: All real numbers except x=2 and x=−2. Exclude values where x2−4=0.
Flashcard 61: What is the slant asymptote of f(x)=x−1x2+2x+3?
Answer: Slant asymptote is y=x+3. Numerator degree exceeds denominator by one.
Flashcard 62: What is the domain of f(x)=x2−4x2+3x−4?
Answer: All real numbers except x=2 and x=−2. Exclude values where x2−4=0.
Flashcard 63: Identify the horizontal asymptote for f(x)=3x3+15x3.
Answer: Horizontal asymptote at y=35. Same degree: ratio of leading coefficients 35.
Flashcard 64: Determine the vertical asymptote of f(x)=x2−4x+3x2+1.
Answer: Vertical asymptotes at x=3 and x=1. Factor denominator: (x−3)(x−1)=0.
Flashcard 65: What is the end behavior of f(x)=x2+13x4 as x→∞?
Answer: f(x) approaches ∞ as x→∞. Numerator degree exceeds denominator degree.
Flashcard 66: Determine the end behavior of f(x)=x3+1x2 as x→−∞.
Answer: f(x) approaches 0 as x→−∞. Degree of numerator less than denominator.
Flashcard 67: What is the end behavior of f(x)=2x3+53x3 as x approaches infinity?
Answer: f(x) approaches 23 as x→∞. Same degree: divide leading coefficients 23.
Flashcard 68: What is the horizontal asymptote of f(x)=2x2−3x+5x2+1?
Answer: Horizontal asymptote at y=21. Same degree: ratio of leading coefficients 21.
Flashcard 69: What is the horizontal asymptote of f(x)=x+43x?
Answer: Horizontal asymptote at y=3. Same degree: ratio of leading coefficients 13.