Understanding Conservation of Energy - AP Physics C: Electricity and Magnetism

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Question

A 0.8kg ball is dropped from rest from a cliff that is 150m high. Use conservation of energy to find the vertical velocity of the ball right before it hits the bottom of the cliff.

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Answer

The conservation of energy equation is .

The ball starts from rest so . It starts at a height of 150m, so . When the ball reaches the bottom, height is zero and thus, and $K_$2=\frac{1}{2}$mv^2$$ . The conservation of energy equation can be adjusted below.

Solve for v.

$v=$\sqrt{2gh}$$

$v=$\sqrt{2(9.8\ $\frac{m}{s^2$}$)(150\ m)}$

$v=54.2\ $\frac{m}{s}$$

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Question

Starting from rest, a skateboarder travels down a 25o incline that's 22m long. Using conservation of energy, calculate the skateboarder's speed when he reaches the bottom. Ignore friction.

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Answer

Conservation of energy states that .

The skateboarder starts from rest; thus, and . At the bottom of the incline, $K_$2=\frac{1}{2}$mv^2$$ and .

Solve for v.

$v=$\sqrt{2gh}$$

Using trigonometry, $h=22\sin(25)$ .

$v=$\sqrt{2(9.8\ $\frac{m}{s^2$}$)(22)(\sin(25))}$

$v=13.5\ $\frac{m}{s}$$

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Question

A $\small 5.0kg$ bowling ball is dropped from $\small 5.0m$ above the ground. What will its velocity be when it is $\small 1.0m$ above the ground?

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Answer

Relevant equations:

$K = $$\frac{1}{2}$mv^2$$

Determine initial kinetic and potential energies when the ball is dropped.

$U_i = $(5kg)(9.8$\frac{m}{s^2$}$)(5m)=245J$

Determine final kinetic and potential energies, when the ball has fallen to $\small 1.0m$ above the ground.

$K_f=\frac{1}{2}$(5kg)v_$f^2$$

$U_f = $(5kg)(9.8$\frac{m}{s^2$}$)(1m)=49J$

Use conservation of energy to equate initial and final energy sums.

$0 + 245J = $\frac{1}{2}$(5kg)v_$f^2$+49J$

Solve for the final velocity.

$0 + 245J = $\frac{1}{2}$(5kg)v_$f^2$+49J$

$v_$f^2$$=\frac{245J-49J}{\frac{1}${2}(5kg)}=78.4$\frac{m^2$$}{s^2$}$$

$v_f=8.85 $\frac{m}{s}$ \approx 8.9$\frac{m}{s}$$

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Question

A solid metal object with mass of is dropped from rest at the surface of a lake that is deep. The water exerts a drag force on the object as it sinks. If the total work done by the drag force is -, what is the speed of the object when it hits the sand at the bottom of the lake?

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Answer

This is a conservation of energy problem. First we have to find the work done by gravity. This can be found using:

$W= F\cdot d, F = mg \ W = 25:kg \cdot $9.8:m/s^2$ \cdot 20:m = 4900:J$

It is given to us that the work done by the drag force is which means that work is done in the opposite direction. We take the net work by adding the two works together we get, of net work done on the block.

Since this is a conservation of energy problem, we set the net work equal to the kinetic energy equation:

$W = $$\frac{1}{2}$mv^2$$

is the mass of the block and we are trying to solve for .

$v = $\sqrt{\frac{2 \cdot 1100}{25}$} = 9.38:m/s$

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Question

If a roller coaster car is traveling at when it is above the ground, how fast is it going when above the ground?

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Answer

This is a classic conservation of energy problem. We know that potential energy and kinetic energy both have to conserve. So we use the following equation:

$$\frac{1}{2}$mv_$o^2$+mgh_1 = $\frac{1}{2}$mv_$f^2$ + mgh_2$

What this equations says is, the sum of kinetic and potential energy is same at varying heights and velocities.

We can simplify this equation by cancelling out all the m terms.

$$\frac{1}{2}$v_$o^2$+gh_1 = $\frac{1}{2}$v_$f^2$ + gh_2$

We know all the terms except for , which is the final speed we are trying to solve for , which is , is and is .

If we plug in all the numbers and solve for , we get .

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Question

A 0.8kg ball is dropped from rest from a cliff that is 150m high. Use conservation of energy to find the vertical velocity of the ball right before it hits the bottom of the cliff.

Tap to reveal answer

Answer

The conservation of energy equation is .

The ball starts from rest so . It starts at a height of 150m, so . When the ball reaches the bottom, height is zero and thus, and $K_$2=\frac{1}{2}$mv^2$$ . The conservation of energy equation can be adjusted below.

Solve for v.

$v=$\sqrt{2gh}$$

$v=$\sqrt{2(9.8\ $\frac{m}{s^2$}$)(150\ m)}$

$v=54.2\ $\frac{m}{s}$$

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Question

Starting from rest, a skateboarder travels down a 25o incline that's 22m long. Using conservation of energy, calculate the skateboarder's speed when he reaches the bottom. Ignore friction.

Tap to reveal answer

Answer

Conservation of energy states that .

The skateboarder starts from rest; thus, and . At the bottom of the incline, $K_$2=\frac{1}{2}$mv^2$$ and .

Solve for v.

$v=$\sqrt{2gh}$$

Using trigonometry, $h=22\sin(25)$ .

$v=$\sqrt{2(9.8\ $\frac{m}{s^2$}$)(22)(\sin(25))}$

$v=13.5\ $\frac{m}{s}$$

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Question

A $\small 5.0kg$ bowling ball is dropped from $\small 5.0m$ above the ground. What will its velocity be when it is $\small 1.0m$ above the ground?

Tap to reveal answer

Answer

Relevant equations:

$K = $$\frac{1}{2}$mv^2$$

Determine initial kinetic and potential energies when the ball is dropped.

$U_i = $(5kg)(9.8$\frac{m}{s^2$}$)(5m)=245J$

Determine final kinetic and potential energies, when the ball has fallen to $\small 1.0m$ above the ground.

$K_f=\frac{1}{2}$(5kg)v_$f^2$$

$U_f = $(5kg)(9.8$\frac{m}{s^2$}$)(1m)=49J$

Use conservation of energy to equate initial and final energy sums.

$0 + 245J = $\frac{1}{2}$(5kg)v_$f^2$+49J$

Solve for the final velocity.

$0 + 245J = $\frac{1}{2}$(5kg)v_$f^2$+49J$

$v_$f^2$$=\frac{245J-49J}{\frac{1}${2}(5kg)}=78.4$\frac{m^2$$}{s^2$}$$

$v_f=8.85 $\frac{m}{s}$ \approx 8.9$\frac{m}{s}$$

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Question

A solid metal object with mass of is dropped from rest at the surface of a lake that is deep. The water exerts a drag force on the object as it sinks. If the total work done by the drag force is -, what is the speed of the object when it hits the sand at the bottom of the lake?

Tap to reveal answer

Answer

This is a conservation of energy problem. First we have to find the work done by gravity. This can be found using:

$W= F\cdot d, F = mg \ W = 25:kg \cdot $9.8:m/s^2$ \cdot 20:m = 4900:J$

It is given to us that the work done by the drag force is which means that work is done in the opposite direction. We take the net work by adding the two works together we get, of net work done on the block.

Since this is a conservation of energy problem, we set the net work equal to the kinetic energy equation:

$W = $$\frac{1}{2}$mv^2$$

is the mass of the block and we are trying to solve for .

$v = $\sqrt{\frac{2 \cdot 1100}{25}$} = 9.38:m/s$

← Didn't Know|Knew It →

Question

If a roller coaster car is traveling at when it is above the ground, how fast is it going when above the ground?

Tap to reveal answer

Answer

This is a classic conservation of energy problem. We know that potential energy and kinetic energy both have to conserve. So we use the following equation:

$$\frac{1}{2}$mv_$o^2$+mgh_1 = $\frac{1}{2}$mv_$f^2$ + mgh_2$

What this equations says is, the sum of kinetic and potential energy is same at varying heights and velocities.

We can simplify this equation by cancelling out all the m terms.

$$\frac{1}{2}$v_$o^2$+gh_1 = $\frac{1}{2}$v_$f^2$ + gh_2$

We know all the terms except for , which is the final speed we are trying to solve for , which is , is and is .

If we plug in all the numbers and solve for , we get .

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Question

A 0.8kg ball is dropped from rest from a cliff that is 150m high. Use conservation of energy to find the vertical velocity of the ball right before it hits the bottom of the cliff.

Tap to reveal answer

Answer

The conservation of energy equation is .

The ball starts from rest so . It starts at a height of 150m, so . When the ball reaches the bottom, height is zero and thus, and $K_$2=\frac{1}{2}$mv^2$$ . The conservation of energy equation can be adjusted below.

Solve for v.

$v=$\sqrt{2gh}$$

$v=$\sqrt{2(9.8\ $\frac{m}{s^2$}$)(150\ m)}$

$v=54.2\ $\frac{m}{s}$$

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Question

Starting from rest, a skateboarder travels down a 25o incline that's 22m long. Using conservation of energy, calculate the skateboarder's speed when he reaches the bottom. Ignore friction.

Tap to reveal answer

Answer

Conservation of energy states that .

The skateboarder starts from rest; thus, and . At the bottom of the incline, $K_$2=\frac{1}{2}$mv^2$$ and .

Solve for v.

$v=$\sqrt{2gh}$$

Using trigonometry, $h=22\sin(25)$ .

$v=$\sqrt{2(9.8\ $\frac{m}{s^2$}$)(22)(\sin(25))}$

$v=13.5\ $\frac{m}{s}$$

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Question

A $\small 5.0kg$ bowling ball is dropped from $\small 5.0m$ above the ground. What will its velocity be when it is $\small 1.0m$ above the ground?

Tap to reveal answer

Answer

Relevant equations:

$K = $$\frac{1}{2}$mv^2$$

Determine initial kinetic and potential energies when the ball is dropped.

$U_i = $(5kg)(9.8$\frac{m}{s^2$}$)(5m)=245J$

Determine final kinetic and potential energies, when the ball has fallen to $\small 1.0m$ above the ground.

$K_f=\frac{1}{2}$(5kg)v_$f^2$$

$U_f = $(5kg)(9.8$\frac{m}{s^2$}$)(1m)=49J$

Use conservation of energy to equate initial and final energy sums.

$0 + 245J = $\frac{1}{2}$(5kg)v_$f^2$+49J$

Solve for the final velocity.

$0 + 245J = $\frac{1}{2}$(5kg)v_$f^2$+49J$

$v_$f^2$$=\frac{245J-49J}{\frac{1}${2}(5kg)}=78.4$\frac{m^2$$}{s^2$}$$

$v_f=8.85 $\frac{m}{s}$ \approx 8.9$\frac{m}{s}$$

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Question

A solid metal object with mass of is dropped from rest at the surface of a lake that is deep. The water exerts a drag force on the object as it sinks. If the total work done by the drag force is -, what is the speed of the object when it hits the sand at the bottom of the lake?

Tap to reveal answer

Answer

This is a conservation of energy problem. First we have to find the work done by gravity. This can be found using:

$W= F\cdot d, F = mg \ W = 25:kg \cdot $9.8:m/s^2$ \cdot 20:m = 4900:J$

It is given to us that the work done by the drag force is which means that work is done in the opposite direction. We take the net work by adding the two works together we get, of net work done on the block.

Since this is a conservation of energy problem, we set the net work equal to the kinetic energy equation:

$W = $$\frac{1}{2}$mv^2$$

is the mass of the block and we are trying to solve for .

$v = $\sqrt{\frac{2 \cdot 1100}{25}$} = 9.38:m/s$

← Didn't Know|Knew It →

Question

If a roller coaster car is traveling at when it is above the ground, how fast is it going when above the ground?

Tap to reveal answer

Answer

This is a classic conservation of energy problem. We know that potential energy and kinetic energy both have to conserve. So we use the following equation:

$$\frac{1}{2}$mv_$o^2$+mgh_1 = $\frac{1}{2}$mv_$f^2$ + mgh_2$

What this equations says is, the sum of kinetic and potential energy is same at varying heights and velocities.

We can simplify this equation by cancelling out all the m terms.

$$\frac{1}{2}$v_$o^2$+gh_1 = $\frac{1}{2}$v_$f^2$ + gh_2$

We know all the terms except for , which is the final speed we are trying to solve for , which is , is and is .

If we plug in all the numbers and solve for , we get .

← Didn't Know|Knew It →

Question

A 0.8kg ball is dropped from rest from a cliff that is 150m high. Use conservation of energy to find the vertical velocity of the ball right before it hits the bottom of the cliff.

Tap to reveal answer

Answer

The conservation of energy equation is .

The ball starts from rest so . It starts at a height of 150m, so . When the ball reaches the bottom, height is zero and thus, and $K_$2=\frac{1}{2}$mv^2$$ . The conservation of energy equation can be adjusted below.

Solve for v.

$v=$\sqrt{2gh}$$

$v=$\sqrt{2(9.8\ $\frac{m}{s^2$}$)(150\ m)}$

$v=54.2\ $\frac{m}{s}$$

← Didn't Know|Knew It →

Question

Starting from rest, a skateboarder travels down a 25o incline that's 22m long. Using conservation of energy, calculate the skateboarder's speed when he reaches the bottom. Ignore friction.

Tap to reveal answer

Answer

Conservation of energy states that .

The skateboarder starts from rest; thus, and . At the bottom of the incline, $K_$2=\frac{1}{2}$mv^2$$ and .

Solve for v.

$v=$\sqrt{2gh}$$

Using trigonometry, $h=22\sin(25)$ .

$v=$\sqrt{2(9.8\ $\frac{m}{s^2$}$)(22)(\sin(25))}$

$v=13.5\ $\frac{m}{s}$$

← Didn't Know|Knew It →

Question

A $\small 5.0kg$ bowling ball is dropped from $\small 5.0m$ above the ground. What will its velocity be when it is $\small 1.0m$ above the ground?

Tap to reveal answer

Answer

Relevant equations:

$K = $$\frac{1}{2}$mv^2$$

Determine initial kinetic and potential energies when the ball is dropped.

$U_i = $(5kg)(9.8$\frac{m}{s^2$}$)(5m)=245J$

Determine final kinetic and potential energies, when the ball has fallen to $\small 1.0m$ above the ground.

$K_f=\frac{1}{2}$(5kg)v_$f^2$$

$U_f = $(5kg)(9.8$\frac{m}{s^2$}$)(1m)=49J$

Use conservation of energy to equate initial and final energy sums.

$0 + 245J = $\frac{1}{2}$(5kg)v_$f^2$+49J$

Solve for the final velocity.

$0 + 245J = $\frac{1}{2}$(5kg)v_$f^2$+49J$

$v_$f^2$$=\frac{245J-49J}{\frac{1}${2}(5kg)}=78.4$\frac{m^2$$}{s^2$}$$

$v_f=8.85 $\frac{m}{s}$ \approx 8.9$\frac{m}{s}$$

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Question

A solid metal object with mass of is dropped from rest at the surface of a lake that is deep. The water exerts a drag force on the object as it sinks. If the total work done by the drag force is -, what is the speed of the object when it hits the sand at the bottom of the lake?

Tap to reveal answer

Answer

This is a conservation of energy problem. First we have to find the work done by gravity. This can be found using:

$W= F\cdot d, F = mg \ W = 25:kg \cdot $9.8:m/s^2$ \cdot 20:m = 4900:J$

It is given to us that the work done by the drag force is which means that work is done in the opposite direction. We take the net work by adding the two works together we get, of net work done on the block.

Since this is a conservation of energy problem, we set the net work equal to the kinetic energy equation:

$W = $$\frac{1}{2}$mv^2$$

is the mass of the block and we are trying to solve for .

$v = $\sqrt{\frac{2 \cdot 1100}{25}$} = 9.38:m/s$

← Didn't Know|Knew It →

Question

If a roller coaster car is traveling at when it is above the ground, how fast is it going when above the ground?

Tap to reveal answer

Answer

This is a classic conservation of energy problem. We know that potential energy and kinetic energy both have to conserve. So we use the following equation:

$$\frac{1}{2}$mv_$o^2$+mgh_1 = $\frac{1}{2}$mv_$f^2$ + mgh_2$

What this equations says is, the sum of kinetic and potential energy is same at varying heights and velocities.

We can simplify this equation by cancelling out all the m terms.

$$\frac{1}{2}$v_$o^2$+gh_1 = $\frac{1}{2}$v_$f^2$ + gh_2$

We know all the terms except for , which is the final speed we are trying to solve for , which is , is and is .

If we plug in all the numbers and solve for , we get .

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