Fluids and Newton's Laws - AP Physics 1
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What is the SI unit for pressure?
What is the SI unit for pressure?
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Pascal (Pa). One Pascal equals one Newton per square meter.
Pascal (Pa). One Pascal equals one Newton per square meter.
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Identify the formula representing Hooke's Law.
Identify the formula representing Hooke's Law.
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$F = -kx$. Spring force proportional to displacement.
$F = -kx$. Spring force proportional to displacement.
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Identify the formula representing Hooke's Law.
Identify the formula representing Hooke's Law.
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$F = -kx$. Spring force proportional to displacement.
$F = -kx$. Spring force proportional to displacement.
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What property of a fluid is described by its resistance to flow?
What property of a fluid is described by its resistance to flow?
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Viscosity. Thick fluids have high viscosity.
Viscosity. Thick fluids have high viscosity.
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State the formula for the acceleration of an object.
State the formula for the acceleration of an object.
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Acceleration = $\frac{\Delta v}{\Delta t}$. Change in velocity over time.
Acceleration = $\frac{\Delta v}{\Delta t}$. Change in velocity over time.
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State the formula for pressure.
State the formula for pressure.
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Pressure = $\frac{F}{A}$. Force per unit area.
Pressure = $\frac{F}{A}$. Force per unit area.
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What is the formula for gravitational force?
What is the formula for gravitational force?
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$F = \frac{Gm_1m_2}{r^2}$. Newton's universal law of gravitation.
$F = \frac{Gm_1m_2}{r^2}$. Newton's universal law of gravitation.
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What is the term for the apparent loss of weight of an object immersed in a fluid?
What is the term for the apparent loss of weight of an object immersed in a fluid?
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Buoyancy. Upward force exerted by fluids on immersed objects.
Buoyancy. Upward force exerted by fluids on immersed objects.
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What is the term for the force that opposes the relative motion of two surfaces in contact?
What is the term for the force that opposes the relative motion of two surfaces in contact?
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Friction. Contact force that resists sliding motion.
Friction. Contact force that resists sliding motion.
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Define Pascal's Principle.
Define Pascal's Principle.
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A change in pressure applied to an enclosed fluid is transmitted undiminished throughout the fluid. Basis for hydraulic systems.
A change in pressure applied to an enclosed fluid is transmitted undiminished throughout the fluid. Basis for hydraulic systems.
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Determine the density of an object with mass 10 kg and volume 5 m³.
Determine the density of an object with mass 10 kg and volume 5 m³.
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Density = 2 kg/m³. Using $\rho = \frac{m}{V}$ where $m = 10$ kg and $V = 5$ m³.
Density = 2 kg/m³. Using $\rho = \frac{m}{V}$ where $m = 10$ kg and $V = 5$ m³.
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Find the net force acting on an object with mass 5 kg and acceleration 2 m/s².
Find the net force acting on an object with mass 5 kg and acceleration 2 m/s².
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Net Force = 10 N. Using $F = ma$ where $m = 5$ kg and $a = 2$ m/s².
Net Force = 10 N. Using $F = ma$ where $m = 5$ kg and $a = 2$ m/s².
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What is the term for the tendency of an object to resist changes in its state of motion?
What is the term for the tendency of an object to resist changes in its state of motion?
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Inertia. Described by Newton's First Law.
Inertia. Described by Newton's First Law.
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What is the effect of increasing fluid velocity on pressure according to Bernoulli's Principle?
What is the effect of increasing fluid velocity on pressure according to Bernoulli's Principle?
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Pressure decreases. Inverse relationship between speed and pressure.
Pressure decreases. Inverse relationship between speed and pressure.
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What is the formula for density?
What is the formula for density?
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Density = $\frac{m}{V}$. Mass divided by volume gives density.
Density = $\frac{m}{V}$. Mass divided by volume gives density.
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Calculate the work done by a 10 N force moving an object 5 m.
Calculate the work done by a 10 N force moving an object 5 m.
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Work = 50 J. Using $W = Fd$ where $F = 10$ N and $d = 5$ m.
Work = 50 J. Using $W = Fd$ where $F = 10$ N and $d = 5$ m.
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Identify the force that opposes the motion of objects through a fluid.
Identify the force that opposes the motion of objects through a fluid.
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Drag force. Opposes motion through air or water.
Drag force. Opposes motion through air or water.
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State the formula for the acceleration of an object.
State the formula for the acceleration of an object.
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Acceleration = $\frac{\Delta v}{\Delta t}$. Change in velocity over time.
Acceleration = $\frac{\Delta v}{\Delta t}$. Change in velocity over time.
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What is the acceleration of a 10 kg object under a 20 N net force?
What is the acceleration of a 10 kg object under a 20 N net force?
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Acceleration = 2 m/s². Using $a = \frac{F}{m}$ where $F = 20$ N and $m = 10$ kg.
Acceleration = 2 m/s². Using $a = \frac{F}{m}$ where $F = 20$ N and $m = 10$ kg.
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What is the formula for calculating work done by a force?
What is the formula for calculating work done by a force?
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Work = $F \cdot d \cdot \cos(\theta)$. Where $\theta$ is angle between force and displacement.
Work = $F \cdot d \cdot \cos(\theta)$. Where $\theta$ is angle between force and displacement.
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Identify the type of fluid flow characterized by smooth, constant motion.
Identify the type of fluid flow characterized by smooth, constant motion.
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Laminar flow. Opposite of turbulent flow.
Laminar flow. Opposite of turbulent flow.
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Calculate the kinetic energy of a 2 kg object moving at 3 m/s.
Calculate the kinetic energy of a 2 kg object moving at 3 m/s.
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Kinetic Energy = 9 J. Using $KE = \frac{1}{2}mv^2$ with $m = 2$ kg and $v = 3$ m/s.
Kinetic Energy = 9 J. Using $KE = \frac{1}{2}mv^2$ with $m = 2$ kg and $v = 3$ m/s.
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What is the continuity equation for fluid flow?
What is the continuity equation for fluid flow?
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$A_1v_1 = A_2v_2$. Conservation of mass in fluid flow.
$A_1v_1 = A_2v_2$. Conservation of mass in fluid flow.
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State Newton's Second Law of Motion.
State Newton's Second Law of Motion.
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$F = ma$. Force equals mass times acceleration.
$F = ma$. Force equals mass times acceleration.
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What does Newton's Third Law of Motion state?
What does Newton's Third Law of Motion state?
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For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. Forces always occur in pairs.
For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. Forces always occur in pairs.
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Identify the relationship described by Bernoulli's Principle.
Identify the relationship described by Bernoulli's Principle.
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As the speed of a fluid increases, its pressure decreases. Higher velocity means lower pressure in flowing fluids.
As the speed of a fluid increases, its pressure decreases. Higher velocity means lower pressure in flowing fluids.
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Identify the principle that explains why ships float.
Identify the principle that explains why ships float.
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Archimedes' Principle. States that buoyant force equals weight of displaced fluid.
Archimedes' Principle. States that buoyant force equals weight of displaced fluid.
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What is the equation for hydrostatic pressure?
What is the equation for hydrostatic pressure?
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Hydrostatic Pressure = $\rho gh$. Pressure increases with depth in a fluid.
Hydrostatic Pressure = $\rho gh$. Pressure increases with depth in a fluid.
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State Newton's First Law of Motion.
State Newton's First Law of Motion.
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An object at rest stays at rest, and an object in motion stays in motion unless acted upon by a net force. Known as the law of inertia.
An object at rest stays at rest, and an object in motion stays in motion unless acted upon by a net force. Known as the law of inertia.
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Determine the pressure at a depth of 10 m in water ($\rho = 1000 \text{ kg/m}^3$, $g = 9.8 \text{ m/s}^2$).
Determine the pressure at a depth of 10 m in water ($\rho = 1000 \text{ kg/m}^3$, $g = 9.8 \text{ m/s}^2$).
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Pressure = 98000 Pa. Using $P = \rho gh$ with given depth and constants.
Pressure = 98000 Pa. Using $P = \rho gh$ with given depth and constants.
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