Fluids and Conservation Laws - AP Physics 1
Card 1 of 30
State the relationship between fluid pressure and area.
State the relationship between fluid pressure and area.
Tap to reveal answer
Inversely proportional. Same force over larger area creates lower pressure.
Inversely proportional. Same force over larger area creates lower pressure.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
What is the effect of temperature on fluid viscosity?
What is the effect of temperature on fluid viscosity?
Tap to reveal answer
Viscosity decreases with temperature. Higher temperature reduces intermolecular forces and friction.
Viscosity decreases with temperature. Higher temperature reduces intermolecular forces and friction.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
State the relationship between fluid speed and pressure according to Bernoulli's principle.
State the relationship between fluid speed and pressure according to Bernoulli's principle.
Tap to reveal answer
Higher speed, lower pressure. Energy conservation: kinetic energy trades with pressure energy.
Higher speed, lower pressure. Energy conservation: kinetic energy trades with pressure energy.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
What is the formula for calculating the volume flow rate?
What is the formula for calculating the volume flow rate?
Tap to reveal answer
$Q = Av$. Volume per time equals area times velocity.
$Q = Av$. Volume per time equals area times velocity.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
State the relationship between fluid speed and pressure according to Bernoulli's principle.
State the relationship between fluid speed and pressure according to Bernoulli's principle.
Tap to reveal answer
Higher speed, lower pressure. Energy conservation: kinetic energy trades with pressure energy.
Higher speed, lower pressure. Energy conservation: kinetic energy trades with pressure energy.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
What is the Bernoulli effect?
What is the Bernoulli effect?
Tap to reveal answer
Pressure decreases as fluid speed increases. Application of energy conservation in moving fluids.
Pressure decreases as fluid speed increases. Application of energy conservation in moving fluids.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
What property of a fluid determines its buoyant force?
What property of a fluid determines its buoyant force?
Tap to reveal answer
Density of the fluid. Buoyancy depends on displaced fluid's weight per unit volume.
Density of the fluid. Buoyancy depends on displaced fluid's weight per unit volume.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
What is the formula for calculating the volume flow rate?
What is the formula for calculating the volume flow rate?
Tap to reveal answer
$Q = Av$. Volume per time equals area times velocity.
$Q = Av$. Volume per time equals area times velocity.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
What is the term for the resistance to flow in fluids?
What is the term for the resistance to flow in fluids?
Tap to reveal answer
Viscosity. Internal friction opposing relative motion in fluids.
Viscosity. Internal friction opposing relative motion in fluids.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
Identify the formula for the mass flow rate in a pipe.
Identify the formula for the mass flow rate in a pipe.
Tap to reveal answer
$\dot{m} = \rho A v$. Mass per time flowing through cross-sectional area.
$\dot{m} = \rho A v$. Mass per time flowing through cross-sectional area.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
State the equation for the continuity equation in fluid dynamics.
State the equation for the continuity equation in fluid dynamics.
Tap to reveal answer
$A_1 v_1 = A_2 v_2$. Conservation of mass: flow rate equals area times velocity.
$A_1 v_1 = A_2 v_2$. Conservation of mass: flow rate equals area times velocity.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
What is the primary cause of viscosity in fluids?
What is the primary cause of viscosity in fluids?
Tap to reveal answer
Internal friction. Molecular interactions resist relative motion between fluid layers.
Internal friction. Molecular interactions resist relative motion between fluid layers.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
State Bernoulli's equation.
State Bernoulli's equation.
Tap to reveal answer
$P + \frac{1}{2}\rho v^2 + \rho gh = \text{constant}$. Energy conservation: pressure, kinetic, and potential energy sum constant.
$P + \frac{1}{2}\rho v^2 + \rho gh = \text{constant}$. Energy conservation: pressure, kinetic, and potential energy sum constant.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
What is the formula for pressure in fluids?
What is the formula for pressure in fluids?
Tap to reveal answer
$P = \frac{F}{A}$. Force per unit area exerted by or on a fluid.
$P = \frac{F}{A}$. Force per unit area exerted by or on a fluid.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
Identify the term for fluids with zero viscosity.
Identify the term for fluids with zero viscosity.
Tap to reveal answer
Ideal fluids. Theoretical fluids with no internal friction or energy loss.
Ideal fluids. Theoretical fluids with no internal friction or energy loss.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
Calculate the volume flow rate for a pipe with $A = 0.1, \text{m}^2$ and $v = 3, \text{m/s}$.
Calculate the volume flow rate for a pipe with $A = 0.1, \text{m}^2$ and $v = 3, \text{m/s}$.
Tap to reveal answer
$Q = 0.3, \text{m}^3/\text{s}$. Using $Q = Av = 0.1 \times 3$.
$Q = 0.3, \text{m}^3/\text{s}$. Using $Q = Av = 0.1 \times 3$.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
What is the SI unit for density?
What is the SI unit for density?
Tap to reveal answer
Kilograms per cubic meter ($\text{kg/m}^3$). Mass divided by volume in base SI units.
Kilograms per cubic meter ($\text{kg/m}^3$). Mass divided by volume in base SI units.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
What is the principle of conservation of mass in fluid dynamics?
What is the principle of conservation of mass in fluid dynamics?
Tap to reveal answer
Mass flow rate is constant. Mass entering equals mass leaving any control volume.
Mass flow rate is constant. Mass entering equals mass leaving any control volume.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
Calculate the buoyant force on a $2, \text{m}^3$ object submerged in water ($\rho = 1000, \text{kg/m}^3$).
Calculate the buoyant force on a $2, \text{m}^3$ object submerged in water ($\rho = 1000, \text{kg/m}^3$).
Tap to reveal answer
$F_b = 19600, \text{N}$. Using $F_b = \rho Vg = 1000 \times 2 \times 9.8$.
$F_b = 19600, \text{N}$. Using $F_b = \rho Vg = 1000 \times 2 \times 9.8$.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
Calculate the density if mass $m = 500, \text{kg}$ and volume $V = 2, \text{m}^3$.
Calculate the density if mass $m = 500, \text{kg}$ and volume $V = 2, \text{m}^3$.
Tap to reveal answer
$\rho = 250, \text{kg/m}^3$. Using $\rho = \frac{m}{V} = \frac{500}{2}$.
$\rho = 250, \text{kg/m}^3$. Using $\rho = \frac{m}{V} = \frac{500}{2}$.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
What is the formula for hydrostatic pressure difference?
What is the formula for hydrostatic pressure difference?
Tap to reveal answer
$\Delta P = \rho g h$. Pressure change due to fluid column height and density.
$\Delta P = \rho g h$. Pressure change due to fluid column height and density.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
What happens to fluid pressure as depth increases?
What happens to fluid pressure as depth increases?
Tap to reveal answer
Pressure increases. Weight of fluid column above creates greater pressure.
Pressure increases. Weight of fluid column above creates greater pressure.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
Determine the force exerted by a fluid on a dam with $A = 100, \text{m}^2$ and $P = 5000, \text{Pa}$.
Determine the force exerted by a fluid on a dam with $A = 100, \text{m}^2$ and $P = 5000, \text{Pa}$.
Tap to reveal answer
$F = 500000, \text{N}$. Using $F = PA = 5000 \times 100$.
$F = 500000, \text{N}$. Using $F = PA = 5000 \times 100$.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
What is the density formula?
What is the density formula?
Tap to reveal answer
$\rho = \frac{m}{V}$. Mass divided by volume occupied.
$\rho = \frac{m}{V}$. Mass divided by volume occupied.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
State the relationship between flow speed and cross-sectional area in a pipe.
State the relationship between flow speed and cross-sectional area in a pipe.
Tap to reveal answer
Inversely proportional. Conservation of mass requires $Av$ constant in continuity equation.
Inversely proportional. Conservation of mass requires $Av$ constant in continuity equation.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
State the formula derived from Torricelli's theorem.
State the formula derived from Torricelli's theorem.
Tap to reveal answer
$v = \sqrt{2gh}$. Speed equals free-fall velocity from height $h$.
$v = \sqrt{2gh}$. Speed equals free-fall velocity from height $h$.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
What is Torricelli's theorem used for?
What is Torricelli's theorem used for?
Tap to reveal answer
Calculating fluid exit speed. Determines speed of fluid exiting containers under gravity.
Calculating fluid exit speed. Determines speed of fluid exiting containers under gravity.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
Find the pressure at a depth of $h$ in a fluid of density $\rho$.
Find the pressure at a depth of $h$ in a fluid of density $\rho$.
Tap to reveal answer
$P = P_0 + \rho gh$. Atmospheric pressure plus hydrostatic pressure from fluid column.
$P = P_0 + \rho gh$. Atmospheric pressure plus hydrostatic pressure from fluid column.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
Which law states that pressure applied to a confined fluid is transmitted undiminished?
Which law states that pressure applied to a confined fluid is transmitted undiminished?
Tap to reveal answer
Pascal's Law. Pressure changes propagate equally throughout confined fluids.
Pascal's Law. Pressure changes propagate equally throughout confined fluids.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →
Identify the principle that explains buoyant force.
Identify the principle that explains buoyant force.
Tap to reveal answer
Archimedes' Principle. Describes upward force on objects immersed in fluids.
Archimedes' Principle. Describes upward force on objects immersed in fluids.
← Didn't Know|Knew It →