Conservation of Linear Momentum - AP Physics 1
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What does the variable $p$ represent in the momentum formula?
What does the variable $p$ represent in the momentum formula?
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Momentum. Standard physics notation for momentum in equations.
Momentum. Standard physics notation for momentum in equations.
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Determine the momentum of a 2 kg object moving at -3 m/s.
Determine the momentum of a 2 kg object moving at -3 m/s.
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-6 kg·m/s. Negative velocity gives negative momentum: $2 × (-3)$.
-6 kg·m/s. Negative velocity gives negative momentum: $2 × (-3)$.
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Which law of motion is associated with momentum conservation?
Which law of motion is associated with momentum conservation?
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Newton's Third Law. Equal and opposite forces result in momentum conservation.
Newton's Third Law. Equal and opposite forces result in momentum conservation.
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What is the unit of momentum in the SI system?
What is the unit of momentum in the SI system?
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Kilogram meter per second (kg·m/s). Derived from mass (kg) times velocity (m/s).
Kilogram meter per second (kg·m/s). Derived from mass (kg) times velocity (m/s).
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In a closed system, what can be said about the momentum before and after a collision?
In a closed system, what can be said about the momentum before and after a collision?
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Momentum before equals momentum after. Conservation law requires momentum equality before and after.
Momentum before equals momentum after. Conservation law requires momentum equality before and after.
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Identify the variable representing mass in momentum equations.
Identify the variable representing mass in momentum equations.
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$m$. Standard symbol for mass in physics equations.
$m$. Standard symbol for mass in physics equations.
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What is the principle of conservation of linear momentum?
What is the principle of conservation of linear momentum?
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Total momentum remains constant in an isolated system. A fundamental law stating momentum is conserved without external forces.
Total momentum remains constant in an isolated system. A fundamental law stating momentum is conserved without external forces.
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What is the momentum of a 5 kg object moving at 10 m/s?
What is the momentum of a 5 kg object moving at 10 m/s?
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50 kg·m/s. Using $p = mv$: $5 × 10 = 50$ kg·m/s.
50 kg·m/s. Using $p = mv$: $5 × 10 = 50$ kg·m/s.
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For a perfectly inelastic collision, what happens to the objects?
For a perfectly inelastic collision, what happens to the objects?
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They stick together. Objects combine and move together with shared velocity.
They stick together. Objects combine and move together with shared velocity.
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Calculate the momentum of a 10 kg object at rest.
Calculate the momentum of a 10 kg object at rest.
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0 kg·m/s. At rest means velocity is zero, so momentum is zero.
0 kg·m/s. At rest means velocity is zero, so momentum is zero.
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When two objects collide, how is total momentum calculated?
When two objects collide, how is total momentum calculated?
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Sum of individual momenta before collision equals sum after. Conservation law: initial total momentum equals final total momentum.
Sum of individual momenta before collision equals sum after. Conservation law: initial total momentum equals final total momentum.
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In which type of collision is momentum conserved?
In which type of collision is momentum conserved?
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All types of collisions. Momentum conservation is universal for all collision types.
All types of collisions. Momentum conservation is universal for all collision types.
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What is the impulse on a 10 kg object with a velocity change from 0 to 5 m/s?
What is the impulse on a 10 kg object with a velocity change from 0 to 5 m/s?
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50 kg·m/s. Change in momentum: $10(5) - 10(0) = 50$ kg·m/s.
50 kg·m/s. Change in momentum: $10(5) - 10(0) = 50$ kg·m/s.
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What is the unit of momentum in the SI system?
What is the unit of momentum in the SI system?
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Kilogram meter per second (kg·m/s). Derived from mass (kg) times velocity (m/s).
Kilogram meter per second (kg·m/s). Derived from mass (kg) times velocity (m/s).
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How does doubling the mass of an object affect its momentum, assuming constant velocity?
How does doubling the mass of an object affect its momentum, assuming constant velocity?
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Momentum doubles. Momentum is proportional to mass at constant velocity.
Momentum doubles. Momentum is proportional to mass at constant velocity.
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What is the effect of an inelastic collision on the total kinetic energy?
What is the effect of an inelastic collision on the total kinetic energy?
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Total kinetic energy decreases. Some kinetic energy converts to other forms during collision.
Total kinetic energy decreases. Some kinetic energy converts to other forms during collision.
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What is the final velocity of two 5 kg objects colliding and sticking together if one moves at 4 m/s?
What is the final velocity of two 5 kg objects colliding and sticking together if one moves at 4 m/s?
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2 m/s. Using conservation: $(5)(4) + (5)(0) = (10)v$, so $v = 2$ m/s.
2 m/s. Using conservation: $(5)(4) + (5)(0) = (10)v$, so $v = 2$ m/s.
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How is impulse related to momentum?
How is impulse related to momentum?
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Impulse equals change in momentum. The impulse-momentum theorem connects these quantities.
Impulse equals change in momentum. The impulse-momentum theorem connects these quantities.
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What quantity is conserved in all types of collisions?
What quantity is conserved in all types of collisions?
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Momentum. Universal conservation law for all collision scenarios.
Momentum. Universal conservation law for all collision scenarios.
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Identify the variable representing velocity in momentum equations.
Identify the variable representing velocity in momentum equations.
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$v$. Standard symbol for velocity in physics equations.
$v$. Standard symbol for velocity in physics equations.
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What is the term for the rate of change of momentum?
What is the term for the rate of change of momentum?
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Force. Newton's second law: $F = dp/dt$.
Force. Newton's second law: $F = dp/dt$.
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What is the effect of external forces on a system's momentum?
What is the effect of external forces on a system's momentum?
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It can change the momentum. External forces can alter the system's total momentum.
It can change the momentum. External forces can alter the system's total momentum.
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Which law of motion is associated with momentum conservation?
Which law of motion is associated with momentum conservation?
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Newton's Third Law. Equal and opposite forces result in momentum conservation.
Newton's Third Law. Equal and opposite forces result in momentum conservation.
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What is the result of an elastic collision in terms of momentum?
What is the result of an elastic collision in terms of momentum?
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Momentum is conserved. Momentum conservation applies to all collision types.
Momentum is conserved. Momentum conservation applies to all collision types.
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Determine the momentum of a 2 kg object moving at -3 m/s.
Determine the momentum of a 2 kg object moving at -3 m/s.
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-6 kg·m/s. Negative velocity gives negative momentum: $2 × (-3)$.
-6 kg·m/s. Negative velocity gives negative momentum: $2 × (-3)$.
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How does momentum differ from kinetic energy?
How does momentum differ from kinetic energy?
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Momentum is a vector; kinetic energy is a scalar. Momentum has direction; kinetic energy is always positive.
Momentum is a vector; kinetic energy is a scalar. Momentum has direction; kinetic energy is always positive.
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If an object's velocity doubles, what happens to its momentum?
If an object's velocity doubles, what happens to its momentum?
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Momentum doubles. Momentum is proportional to velocity at constant mass.
Momentum doubles. Momentum is proportional to velocity at constant mass.
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Calculate the change in momentum for a 2 kg ball accelerating from 3 m/s to 7 m/s.
Calculate the change in momentum for a 2 kg ball accelerating from 3 m/s to 7 m/s.
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8 kg·m/s. Change: $2(7) - 2(3) = 14 - 6 = 8$ kg·m/s.
8 kg·m/s. Change: $2(7) - 2(3) = 14 - 6 = 8$ kg·m/s.
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What kind of system is required for momentum conservation?
What kind of system is required for momentum conservation?
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Isolated system. No external forces acting on the system are required.
Isolated system. No external forces acting on the system are required.
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Find the final velocity of a 3 kg object with 9 kg·m/s momentum.
Find the final velocity of a 3 kg object with 9 kg·m/s momentum.
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3 m/s. Using $v = p/m$: $9/3 = 3$ m/s.
3 m/s. Using $v = p/m$: $9/3 = 3$ m/s.
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