Change in Momentum and Impulse - AP Physics 1
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What is the impulse on a 10 kg object that comes to rest from 20 m/s?
What is the impulse on a 10 kg object that comes to rest from 20 m/s?
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-200 Ns. Change in momentum: $10(0-20) = -200$ kg·m/s = -200 Ns.
-200 Ns. Change in momentum: $10(0-20) = -200$ kg·m/s = -200 Ns.
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If the impulse is 25 Ns and time is 5 s, what is the average force exerted?
If the impulse is 25 Ns and time is 5 s, what is the average force exerted?
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5 N. Average force equals impulse divided by time: $\frac{25}{5} = 5$ N.
5 N. Average force equals impulse divided by time: $\frac{25}{5} = 5$ N.
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A force of 5 N acts on an object for 6 s. What is the impulse?
A force of 5 N acts on an object for 6 s. What is the impulse?
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30 Ns. Impulse equals force times time: $5 \times 6 = 30$ Ns.
30 Ns. Impulse equals force times time: $5 \times 6 = 30$ Ns.
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What does the area under a force-time graph represent?
What does the area under a force-time graph represent?
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Impulse. Area under force-time curve equals impulse.
Impulse. Area under force-time curve equals impulse.
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Calculate the change in momentum if a 25 kg object accelerates from 2 m/s to 6 m/s.
Calculate the change in momentum if a 25 kg object accelerates from 2 m/s to 6 m/s.
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100 kg·m/s. Change in momentum: $25(6-2) = 100$ kg·m/s.
100 kg·m/s. Change in momentum: $25(6-2) = 100$ kg·m/s.
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If a baseball experiences an impulse of 10 Ns, which physical quantity changes?
If a baseball experiences an impulse of 10 Ns, which physical quantity changes?
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Momentum. Impulse always changes momentum of objects.
Momentum. Impulse always changes momentum of objects.
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State Newton's second law in terms of momentum.
State Newton's second law in terms of momentum.
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$F = \frac{\triangle p}{\triangle t}$. Force equals rate of momentum change.
$F = \frac{\triangle p}{\triangle t}$. Force equals rate of momentum change.
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Describe the relationship between impulse and momentum.
Describe the relationship between impulse and momentum.
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Impulse equals change in momentum. Impulse-momentum theorem connects force and motion.
Impulse equals change in momentum. Impulse-momentum theorem connects force and motion.
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If a force acts for a very short time, what is this force often called?
If a force acts for a very short time, what is this force often called?
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Impulsive force. Large force acting briefly, like collision forces.
Impulsive force. Large force acting briefly, like collision forces.
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What is the unit of impulse in the SI system?
What is the unit of impulse in the SI system?
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Newton-second (Ns). Force in Newtons times time in seconds gives Newton-seconds.
Newton-second (Ns). Force in Newtons times time in seconds gives Newton-seconds.
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Calculate the change in momentum for a 5 kg object with an initial velocity of 2 m/s and final velocity of 5 m/s.
Calculate the change in momentum for a 5 kg object with an initial velocity of 2 m/s and final velocity of 5 m/s.
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15 kg·m/s. Change in momentum: $5(5-2) = 15$ kg·m/s.
15 kg·m/s. Change in momentum: $5(5-2) = 15$ kg·m/s.
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Find the impulse required to stop a 15 kg object moving at 8 m/s.
Find the impulse required to stop a 15 kg object moving at 8 m/s.
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-120 Ns. Change in momentum: $15(0-8) = -120$ kg·m/s = -120 Ns.
-120 Ns. Change in momentum: $15(0-8) = -120$ kg·m/s = -120 Ns.
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If a car's speed decreases from 30 m/s to 10 m/s, what is the change in momentum if mass is 1000 kg?
If a car's speed decreases from 30 m/s to 10 m/s, what is the change in momentum if mass is 1000 kg?
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-20000 kg·m/s. Change in momentum: $1000(10-30) = -20000$ kg·m/s.
-20000 kg·m/s. Change in momentum: $1000(10-30) = -20000$ kg·m/s.
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What is the change in velocity if a 30 Ns impulse is applied to a 5 kg object?
What is the change in velocity if a 30 Ns impulse is applied to a 5 kg object?
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6 m/s. Change in velocity: $\triangle v = \frac{J}{m} = \frac{30}{5} = 6$ m/s.
6 m/s. Change in velocity: $\triangle v = \frac{J}{m} = \frac{30}{5} = 6$ m/s.
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Calculate the final momentum of a 2 kg object moving at 5 m/s.
Calculate the final momentum of a 2 kg object moving at 5 m/s.
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10 kg·m/s. Final momentum equals mass times final velocity.
10 kg·m/s. Final momentum equals mass times final velocity.
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What is the momentum change of a 4 kg object that decelerates from 9 m/s to 3 m/s?
What is the momentum change of a 4 kg object that decelerates from 9 m/s to 3 m/s?
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-24 kg·m/s. Change in momentum: $4(3-9) = -24$ kg·m/s.
-24 kg·m/s. Change in momentum: $4(3-9) = -24$ kg·m/s.
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What is the effect of increasing the force applied on an object over a given time?
What is the effect of increasing the force applied on an object over a given time?
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Increase in impulse. Greater force produces larger impulse for same time.
Increase in impulse. Greater force produces larger impulse for same time.
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What is the effect of increasing the time over which a force acts on an object?
What is the effect of increasing the time over which a force acts on an object?
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Increase in impulse. Longer time allows greater impulse for same force.
Increase in impulse. Longer time allows greater impulse for same force.
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What does a larger impulse indicate in terms of force and time?
What does a larger impulse indicate in terms of force and time?
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A larger force or longer duration. Greater impulse means stronger or longer force application.
A larger force or longer duration. Greater impulse means stronger or longer force application.
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State the unit of momentum in the SI system.
State the unit of momentum in the SI system.
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Kilogram meter per second (kg·m/s). Mass in kg times velocity in m/s.
Kilogram meter per second (kg·m/s). Mass in kg times velocity in m/s.
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What is the final velocity of a 4 kg object after a 16 Ns impulse, starting from rest?
What is the final velocity of a 4 kg object after a 16 Ns impulse, starting from rest?
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4 m/s. Final velocity: $v = \frac{J}{m} = \frac{16}{4} = 4$ m/s.
4 m/s. Final velocity: $v = \frac{J}{m} = \frac{16}{4} = 4$ m/s.
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A 3 kg object accelerates from rest to 10 m/s. Calculate the impulse.
A 3 kg object accelerates from rest to 10 m/s. Calculate the impulse.
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30 Ns. Change in momentum: $3(10-0) = 30$ kg·m/s = 30 Ns.
30 Ns. Change in momentum: $3(10-0) = 30$ kg·m/s = 30 Ns.
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If an object is at rest, what is its initial momentum?
If an object is at rest, what is its initial momentum?
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0 kg·m/s. Stationary objects have zero momentum.
0 kg·m/s. Stationary objects have zero momentum.
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What is the effect of impulse on a moving object's velocity?
What is the effect of impulse on a moving object's velocity?
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Changes the velocity. Impulse changes momentum, which affects velocity.
Changes the velocity. Impulse changes momentum, which affects velocity.
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What is the impulse on a 50 kg object that changes velocity from 10 m/s to 0 m/s?
What is the impulse on a 50 kg object that changes velocity from 10 m/s to 0 m/s?
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-500 Ns. Change in momentum: $50(0-10) = -500$ kg·m/s = -500 Ns.
-500 Ns. Change in momentum: $50(0-10) = -500$ kg·m/s = -500 Ns.
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Calculate the final velocity of a 10 kg object after an impulse of 40 Ns is applied, starting from rest.
Calculate the final velocity of a 10 kg object after an impulse of 40 Ns is applied, starting from rest.
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4 m/s. Final velocity: $v = \frac{J}{m} = \frac{40}{10} = 4$ m/s.
4 m/s. Final velocity: $v = \frac{J}{m} = \frac{40}{10} = 4$ m/s.
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What is the initial momentum of a 20 kg object moving at 3 m/s?
What is the initial momentum of a 20 kg object moving at 3 m/s?
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60 kg·m/s. Momentum equals mass times velocity: $20 \times 3 = 60$ kg·m/s.
60 kg·m/s. Momentum equals mass times velocity: $20 \times 3 = 60$ kg·m/s.
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Calculate the force exerted if an impulse of 15 Ns is applied over 3 s.
Calculate the force exerted if an impulse of 15 Ns is applied over 3 s.
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5 N. Force equals impulse divided by time: $\frac{15}{3} = 5$ N.
5 N. Force equals impulse divided by time: $\frac{15}{3} = 5$ N.
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How does impulse relate to force when time is constant?
How does impulse relate to force when time is constant?
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Impulse is directly proportional to force. $J = F\triangle t$, so impulse increases with force.
Impulse is directly proportional to force. $J = F\triangle t$, so impulse increases with force.
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How does impulse relate to the change in velocity for a constant mass?
How does impulse relate to the change in velocity for a constant mass?
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Impulse equals mass times change in velocity. For constant mass, $J = m\triangle v$.
Impulse equals mass times change in velocity. For constant mass, $J = m\triangle v$.
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