AP Physics 1 Flashcards: Change In Momentum And Impulse

What this deck covers

This deck focuses on Change In Momentum And Impulse, giving you a quick way to review the definitions, rules, and examples that matter most for AP Physics 1.

How to use these flashcards

Work through these flashcards in short sessions. Try to answer each prompt before flipping the card, then revisit any cards you miss until the explanation feels automatic.

Flashcard 1: What is the impulse on a 10 kg object that comes to rest from 20 m/s?

Answer: -200 Ns. Change in momentum: $10(0-20) = -200$ kg·m/s = -200 Ns.

Flashcard 2: If the impulse is 25 Ns and time is 5 s, what is the average force exerted?

Answer: 5 N. Average force equals impulse divided by time: $\frac{25}{5} = 5$ N.

Flashcard 3: A force of 5 N acts on an object for 6 s. What is the impulse?

Answer: 30 Ns. Impulse equals force times time: $5 \times 6 = 30$ Ns.

Flashcard 4: What does the area under a force-time graph represent?

Answer: Impulse. Area under force-time curve equals impulse.

Flashcard 5: Calculate the change in momentum if a 25 kg object accelerates from 2 m/s to 6 m/s.

Answer: 100 kg·m/s. Change in momentum: $25(6-2) = 100$ kg·m/s.

Flashcard 6: If a baseball experiences an impulse of 10 Ns, which physical quantity changes?

Answer: Momentum. Impulse always changes momentum of objects.

Flashcard 7: State Newton's second law in terms of momentum.

Answer: $F = \frac{\triangle p}{\triangle t}$. Force equals rate of momentum change.

Flashcard 8: Describe the relationship between impulse and momentum.

Answer: Impulse equals change in momentum. Impulse-momentum theorem connects force and motion.

Flashcard 9: If a force acts for a very short time, what is this force often called?

Answer: Impulsive force. Large force acting briefly, like collision forces.

Flashcard 10: What is the unit of impulse in the SI system?

Answer: Newton-second (Ns). Force in Newtons times time in seconds gives Newton-seconds.

Flashcard 11: Calculate the change in momentum for a 5 kg object with an initial velocity of 2 m/s and final velocity of 5 m/s.

Answer: 15 kg·m/s. Change in momentum: $5(5-2) = 15$ kg·m/s.

Flashcard 12: Find the impulse required to stop a 15 kg object moving at 8 m/s.

Answer: -120 Ns. Change in momentum: $15(0-8) = -120$ kg·m/s = -120 Ns.

Flashcard 13: If a car's speed decreases from 30 m/s to 10 m/s, what is the change in momentum if mass is 1000 kg?

Answer: -20000 kg·m/s. Change in momentum: $1000(10-30) = -20000$ kg·m/s.

Flashcard 14: What is the change in velocity if a 30 Ns impulse is applied to a 5 kg object?

Answer: 6 m/s. Change in velocity: $\triangle v = \frac{J}{m} = \frac{30}{5} = 6$ m/s.

Flashcard 15: Calculate the final momentum of a 2 kg object moving at 5 m/s.

Answer: 10 kg·m/s. Final momentum equals mass times final velocity.

Flashcard 16: What is the momentum change of a 4 kg object that decelerates from 9 m/s to 3 m/s?

Answer: -24 kg·m/s. Change in momentum: $4(3-9) = -24$ kg·m/s.

Flashcard 17: What is the effect of increasing the force applied on an object over a given time?

Answer: Increase in impulse. Greater force produces larger impulse for same time.

Flashcard 18: What is the effect of increasing the time over which a force acts on an object?

Answer: Increase in impulse. Longer time allows greater impulse for same force.

Flashcard 19: What does a larger impulse indicate in terms of force and time?

Answer: A larger force or longer duration. Greater impulse means stronger or longer force application.

Flashcard 20: State the unit of momentum in the SI system.

Answer: Kilogram meter per second (kg·m/s). Mass in kg times velocity in m/s.

Flashcard 21: What is the final velocity of a 4 kg object after a 16 Ns impulse, starting from rest?

Answer: 4 m/s. Final velocity: $v = \frac{J}{m} = \frac{16}{4} = 4$ m/s.

Flashcard 22: A 3 kg object accelerates from rest to 10 m/s. Calculate the impulse.

Answer: 30 Ns. Change in momentum: $3(10-0) = 30$ kg·m/s = 30 Ns.

Flashcard 23: If an object is at rest, what is its initial momentum?

Answer: 0 kg·m/s. Stationary objects have zero momentum.

Flashcard 24: What is the effect of impulse on a moving object's velocity?

Answer: Changes the velocity. Impulse changes momentum, which affects velocity.

Flashcard 25: What is the impulse on a 50 kg object that changes velocity from 10 m/s to 0 m/s?

Answer: -500 Ns. Change in momentum: $50(0-10) = -500$ kg·m/s = -500 Ns.

Flashcard 26: Calculate the final velocity of a 10 kg object after an impulse of 40 Ns is applied, starting from rest.

Answer: 4 m/s. Final velocity: $v = \frac{J}{m} = \frac{40}{10} = 4$ m/s.

Flashcard 27: What is the initial momentum of a 20 kg object moving at 3 m/s?

Answer: 60 kg·m/s. Momentum equals mass times velocity: $20 \times 3 = 60$ kg·m/s.

Flashcard 28: Calculate the force exerted if an impulse of 15 Ns is applied over 3 s.

Answer: 5 N. Force equals impulse divided by time: $\frac{15}{3} = 5$ N.

Flashcard 29: How does impulse relate to force when time is constant?

Answer: Impulse is directly proportional to force. $J = F\triangle t$, so impulse increases with force.

Flashcard 30: How does impulse relate to the change in velocity for a constant mass?

Answer: Impulse equals mass times change in velocity. For constant mass, $J = m\triangle v$.