AP Latin › Poetic Syntax
Dignane, cui grates ageret, cui turis honorem
ferret, Adoni, fui? nec grates inmemor egit,
nec mihi tura dedit. subitam convertor in iram,
contemptuque dolens, ne sim spernenda futuris,
exemplo caveo meque ipsa exhortor in ambos: 5
templa, deum Matri quae quondam clarus Echion
fecerat ex voto, nemorosis abdita silvis,
transibant, et iter longum requiescere suasit;
illic concubitus intempestiva cupido
occupat Hippomenen a numine concita nostro. 10
luminis exigui fuerat prope templa recessus,
speluncae similis, nativo pumice tectus,
religione sacer prisca, quo multa sacerdos
lignea contulerat veterum simulacra deorum;
hunc init et vetito temerat sacraria probro. 15
The -ne at the end of "digna" in line 1 means __________.
indicates a question
nothing
or
not
The ending "-ne" is often added to the end of a word (usually the first or last word in a sentence) in order to indicate a question.
(Passage adapted from Ovid's Metamorphoses 10.681-696)
Consedere duces et vulgi stante corona
surgit ad hos clipei dominus septemplicis Aiax,
utque erat inpatiens irae, Sigeia torvo
litora respexit classemque in litore vultu
intendensque manus 'agimus, pro Iuppiter!' inquit 5
'ante rates causam, et mecum confertur Ulixes!
How should "consedere" in line 1 be translated?
They sat down
To sit
To stop
You are stopped
The word "consedere" comes from "consido, considere, consedi, concessus," which means to sit down together (to make a decision or hold a conference). "Consedere" is the syncopated form of "consederunt," which translates as they sat down. The syncopated form can be recognized because the infinitive-looking ending ("-ere") is on the end of the perfect stem (_"_consed-").
(Passage adapted from Ovid's Metamorphoses 8.1-6)
Ni te plus oculis meis amarem,
iucundissime Calve, munere isto
odissem te odio Vatiniano:
nam quid feci ego quidve sum locutus,
cur me tot male perderes poetis? 5
isti di mala multa dent clienti,
qui tantum tibi misit impiorum.
quod si, ut suspicor, hoc novum ac repertum
munus dat tibi Sulla litterator,
non est mi male, sed bene ac beate, 10
quod non dispereunt tui labores.
di magni, horribilem et sacrum libellum!
quem tu scilicet ad tuum Catullum
misti, continuo ut die periret,
Saturnalibus, optimo dierum! 15
non non hoc tibi, false, sic abibit.
nam si luxerit ad librariorum
curram scrinia, Caesios, Aquinos,
Suffenum, omnia colligam venena.
ac te his suppliciis remunerabor. 20
vos hinc interea valete abite
illuc, unde malum pedem attulistis,
saecli incommoda, pessimi poetae.
What type of use of the subjunctive is represented by "amarem" in line 1?
Potential
Jussive
Purpose
Causal
The verb "amarem"should be translated with the word "should" or "may."It is indicating the possibility of loving or not loving. This independent use of the subjunctive is called "potential" because it indicates the potential of something to happen or not happen.
(Passage adapted from "Catullus 14," ln.1-23)
Ni te plus oculis meis amarem,
iucundissime Calve, munere isto
odissem te odio Vatiniano:
nam quid feci ego quidve sum locutus,
cur me tot male perderes poetis? 5
isti di mala multa dent clienti,
qui tantum tibi misit impiorum.
quod si, ut suspicor, hoc novum ac repertum
munus dat tibi Sulla litterator,
non est mi male, sed bene ac beate, 10
quod non dispereunt tui labores.
di magni, horribilem et sacrum libellum!
quem tu scilicet ad tuum Catullum
misti, continuo ut die periret,
Saturnalibus, optimo dierum! 15
non non hoc tibi, false, sic abibit.
nam si luxerit ad librariorum
curram scrinia, Caesios, Aquinos,
Suffenum, omnia colligam venena.
ac te his suppliciis remunerabor. 20
vos hinc interea valete abite
illuc, unde malum pedem attulistis,
saecli incommoda, pessimi poetae.
How does "oculis meis" (line 1) translate?
Than my eyes
With my eyes
By my eyes
For my eyes
"Oculis meis"in line 1 is in the ablative case. The presence of the word "plus," a comparative adjective, indicates that something or things are being compared. When you have a comparative paired with the ablative case, you translate the ablative words with the word "than."The correct translation is "than my eyes."
(Passage adapted from "Catullus 14," ln.1-23)
Arma gravi numero violentaque bella parabam
edere, materia conveniente modis.
par erat inferior versus—risisse Cupido
dicitur atque unum surripuisse pedem.
'Quis tibi, saeve puer, dedit hoc in carmina iuris?
Pieridum vates, non tua turba sumus.
quid, si praeripiat flavae Venus arma Minervae,
ventilet accensas flava Minerva faces?
quis probet in silvis Cererem regnare iugosis,
lege pharetratae Virginis arva coli?
crinibus insignem quis acuta cuspide Phoebum
instruat, Aoniam Marte movente lyram?
sunt tibi magna, puer, nimiumque potentia regna;
cur opus adfectas, ambitiose, novum?
an, quod ubique, tuum est? tua sunt Heliconia tempe?
What is the role of the underlined word "arma"in line 1?
Direct object of "parabam" (line 1)
Subject of "parabam"(line 1)
Describes "bella"(line 1)
Ablative of instrument
The word "arma" comes from "armum,""armi," meaning that "arma"is the nominative or accusative plural form of this word. Since the verb does not take a plural subject, it must be in the accusative. In fact, it is the direct object of "parabam."
(Passage adapted from Amores by Ovid, I.1–15)
Occiderat Tatius, populisque aequata duobus,
Romule, iura dabas: posita cum casside Mavors
talibus adfatur divumque hominumque parentem:
'tempus adest, genitor, quoniam fundamine magno
res Romana valet nec praeside pendet ab uno, 5
praemia, (sunt promissa mihi dignoque nepoti)
solvere et ablatum terris inponere caelo.
tu mihi concilio quondam praesente deorum
(nam memoro memorique animo pia verba notavi)
"unus erit, quem tu tolles in caerula caeli" 10
dixisti: rata sit verborum summa tuorum!'
adnuit omnipotens et nubibus aera caecis
occuluit tonitruque et fulgure terruit orbem.
How is the word "iura" (line 2) being used?
Object of "dabas" (line 2)
Subject of "dabas" (line 2)
Main verb
Ablative of Accompaniment
The word "iura" as used here comes from "ius, iuris," a neuter, third declension noun meaning law. "Iura" is in the accusative case, acting as the direct object of "dabas."
(Passage adapted from Ovid's Metamorphoses, 9. 805-818)
At vos, o proceres, vigili date praemia vestro,
proque tot annorum cura, quibus anxius egi,
hunc titulum meritis pensandum reddite nostris:
iam labor in fine est; obstantia fata removi
altaque posse capi faciendo Pergama, cepi. 5
per spes nunc socias casuraque moenia Troum
perque deos oro, quos hosti nuper ademi,
per siquid superest, quod sit sapienter agendum,
siquid adhuc audax ex praecipitique petendum est,
\[si Troiae fatis aliquid restare putatis,\] 10
este mei memores! aut si mihi non datis arma,
huic date!' et ostendit signum fatale Minervae.
What is the use of "praemia" in line 1?
Object of "date" (line 1)
Subject of "date" (line 1)
Ablative, with "vestro" (line 1)
Ablative of Separation
The word "praemia" comes from "praemium, praemii," which means a reward. "Praemia"as used here is the accusative plural form ("praemium" is neuter), since it is acting as the object of the imperative verb date.
(Passage adapted from Ovid's Metamorphoses, 8. 370-382)
Dignane, cui grates ageret, cui turis honorem
ferret, Adoni, fui? nec grates inmemor egit,
nec mihi tura dedit. subitam convertor in iram,
contemptuque dolens, ne sim spernenda futuris,
exemplo caveo meque ipsa exhortor in ambos: 5
templa, deum Matri quae quondam clarus Echion
fecerat ex voto, nemorosis abdita silvis,
transibant, et iter longum requiescere suasit;
illic concubitus intempestiva cupido
occupat Hippomenen a numine concita nostro. 10
luminis exigui fuerat prope templa recessus,
speluncae similis, nativo pumice tectus,
religione sacer prisca, quo multa sacerdos
lignea contulerat veterum simulacra deorum;
hunc init et vetito temerat sacraria probro. 15
What is the case and number of "grates"in line 1?
Accusative Plural
Nominative Plural
Nominative Singular
Accusative Singular
All of the choices are possibilities for "grates," except for accusative singular. "Grates" comes from "grates, gratis,"which is a third declension feminine noun. Due to the context of the sentence; however, it is clear that "grates" is functioning as the direct object of "ageret," which means it has to be accusative plural. Compare with the common idiom "gratias agere;""grates" is being used in this exact phrase, with slightly different wording.
(Passage adapted from Ovid's Metamorphoses 10.681-696)
Cui dono lepidum novum libellum
arida modo pumice expolitum?
Corneli, tibi: namque tu solebas
meas esse aliquid putare nugas.
Iam tum, cum ausus es unus Italorum 5
omne aevum tribus explicare cartis . . .
Doctis, Iuppiter, et laboriosis!
Quare habe tibi quidquid hoc libelli—
qualecumque, quod, o patrona virgo,
plus uno maneat perenne saeclo! 10
What case is "Corneli"(line 3)?
Vocative
Nominative
Genitive
Ablative
"Corneli" is the vocative form of "Cornelius."When second declension words have an "i"before the ending, the ending simply drops off for the vocative form.
(Passage adapted from "Catullus 1," ln.1-10)
Hector adest secumque deos in proelia ducit,
quaque ruit, non tu tantum terreris, Ulixe,
sed fortes etiam: tantum trahit ille timoris.
hunc ego sanguineae successu caedis ovantem
eminus ingenti resupinum pondere fudi, 5
hunc ego poscentem, cum quo concurreret, unus
sustinui: sortemque meam vovistis, Achivi,
et vestrae valuere preces. si quaeritis huius
fortunam pugnae, non sum superatus ab illo.
ecce ferunt Troes ferrumque ignesque Iovemque 10
in Danaas classes: ubi nunc facundus Ulixes?
nempe ego mille meo protexi pectore puppes,
spem vestri reditus: date pro tot navibus arma.
What is the use of the word "proelia" in line 1?
Object of "in" (line 1)
Subject of "ducit"(line 1)
Modifies "deos" (line 1)
Object of "ducit" (line 1)
The word "proelia" comes from "proelium, proelii." In this sentence, proelia is in the accusative case because it is the object of the preposition "in,"to be translated as into the battles.
(Passage adapted from Ovid's Metamorphoses, 8. 82-95)