AP Government and Politics Flashcards: Social Movements And Equal Protection

What this deck covers

This deck focuses on Social Movements And Equal Protection, giving you a quick way to review the definitions, rules, and examples that matter most for AP Government and Politics.

How to use these flashcards

Work through these flashcards in short sessions. Try to answer each prompt before flipping the card, then revisit any cards you miss until the explanation feels automatic.

Flashcard 1: What was the significance of the Voting Rights Act of 1965?

Answer: It prohibited racial discrimination in voting. Eliminated literacy tests and other barriers that prevented Black voting.

Flashcard 2: Which act aimed to eliminate barriers to voting for African Americans?

Answer: The Voting Rights Act of 1965. Removed discriminatory practices like poll taxes and literacy tests.

Flashcard 3: What was the significance of the Voting Rights Act of 1965?

Answer: It prohibited racial discrimination in voting. Eliminated literacy tests and other barriers that prevented Black voting.

Flashcard 4: What did the Supreme Court rule in Loving v. Virginia?

Answer: It struck down laws banning interracial marriage. 1967 decision based on equal protection and due process rights.

Flashcard 5: Which amendment addresses due process and equal protection?

Answer: The 14th Amendment. Protects citizens from unfair state actions and ensures equal treatment.

Flashcard 6: Which social movement is linked to the Stonewall Riots of 1969?

Answer: The LGBTQ+ Rights Movement. Police raid sparked modern LGBTQ+ rights activism and pride movement.

Flashcard 7: What social movement focused on gender equality and led to Title IX legislation?

Answer: The Women's Rights Movement. Advocated for educational equality, leading to Title IX's ban on sex discrimination.

Flashcard 8: What is the main goal of the Black Lives Matter movement?

Answer: To combat systemic racism and violence against Black people. Modern movement addressing police brutality and racial justice issues.

Flashcard 9: Identify the act that prohibits discrimination in the sale, rental, and financing of housing.

Answer: The Fair Housing Act. 1968 law expanding civil rights protections to housing sector.

Flashcard 10: What is the purpose of the Civil Rights Act of 1964?

Answer: To outlaw discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. Landmark legislation ending segregation in public accommodations and employment.

Flashcard 11: Which amendment guarantees equal protection under the law?

Answer: The 14th Amendment. Reconstruction amendment preventing states from denying equal legal treatment.

Flashcard 12: What landmark case involved affirmative action in university admissions?

Answer: Regents of the University of California v. Bakke. 1978 case allowing race as one factor in admissions decisions.

Flashcard 13: What is the main goal of the Women's Rights Movement?

Answer: To achieve gender equality and women's rights. Seeks equal opportunities, pay, and treatment in all aspects of society.

Flashcard 14: What landmark case involved affirmative action in university admissions?

Answer: Regents of the University of California v. Bakke. 1978 case allowing race as one factor in admissions decisions.

Flashcard 15: Which Supreme Court case ruled that school segregation is unconstitutional?

Answer: Brown v. Board of Education. Unanimously overturned Plessy's 'separate but equal' doctrine in education.

Flashcard 16: What was the significance of the case Obergefell v. Hodges?

Answer: It legalized same-sex marriage nationwide. Extended marriage equality to all 50 states in 2015.

Flashcard 17: What was the significance of the case Obergefell v. Hodges?

Answer: It legalized same-sex marriage nationwide. Extended marriage equality to all 50 states in 2015.

Flashcard 18: What social movement focused on gender equality and led to Title IX legislation?

Answer: The Women's Rights Movement. Advocated for educational equality, leading to Title IX's ban on sex discrimination.

Flashcard 19: What legal doctrine was established by Plessy v. Ferguson?

Answer: 'Separate but equal.'. Allowed segregation provided separate facilities were theoretically equal in quality.

Flashcard 20: Identify the Supreme Court case that legalized same-sex marriage nationwide.

Answer: Obergefell v. Hodges. 2015 decision establishing marriage equality as a constitutional right.

Flashcard 21: Which social movement is associated with the March on Washington in 1963?

Answer: The Civil Rights Movement. Historic demonstration for jobs, freedom, and civil rights legislation.

Flashcard 22: What is the main focus of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)?

Answer: To prohibit discrimination against individuals with disabilities. 1990 law ensuring equal access and reasonable accommodations for disabled individuals.

Flashcard 23: What did the Supreme Court rule in Loving v. Virginia?

Answer: It struck down laws banning interracial marriage. 1967 decision based on equal protection and due process rights.

Flashcard 24: Which amendment granted women the right to vote in the United States?

Answer: The 19th Amendment. Ratified in 1920 after decades of suffrage movement advocacy.

Flashcard 25: Which Supreme Court case established the 'separate but equal' doctrine?

Answer: Plessy v. Ferguson. 1896 ruling that allowed racial segregation if facilities were theoretically equal.

Flashcard 26: What is the primary purpose of the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment?

Answer: To prevent states from denying any person equal protection under the law. Established post-Civil War to ensure states treat all citizens equally under law.

Flashcard 27: Which amendment guarantees equal protection under the law?

Answer: The 14th Amendment. Reconstruction amendment preventing states from denying equal legal treatment.

Flashcard 28: Identify the Supreme Court case that legalized same-sex marriage nationwide.

Answer: Obergefell v. Hodges. 2015 decision establishing marriage equality as a constitutional right.

Flashcard 29: Identify the social movement associated with the slogan 'Equal Pay for Equal Work.'

Answer: The Women's Rights Movement. Advocates for wage equality and workplace gender discrimination elimination.

Flashcard 30: What was the outcome of the Dred Scott v. Sandford case?

Answer: It ruled that African Americans could not be citizens. 1857 decision later overturned by 14th Amendment citizenship clause.

Flashcard 31: Which Supreme Court decision overturned 'separate but equal' in public education?

Answer: Brown v. Board of Education. 1954 landmark decision declaring segregated schools inherently unequal.

Flashcard 32: Which social movement sought to end racial segregation and discrimination in the US?

Answer: The Civil Rights Movement. 1950s-60s movement that challenged Jim Crow laws and racial inequality.

Flashcard 33: What is the purpose of the Civil Rights Act of 1964?

Answer: To outlaw discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. Landmark legislation ending segregation in public accommodations and employment.

Flashcard 34: Identify the social movement associated with the slogan 'Equal Pay for Equal Work.'

Answer: The Women's Rights Movement. Advocates for wage equality and workplace gender discrimination elimination.

Flashcard 35: Which social movement is linked to the Stonewall Riots of 1969?

Answer: The LGBTQ+ Rights Movement. Police raid sparked modern LGBTQ+ rights activism and pride movement.

Flashcard 36: Which social movement sought to end racial segregation and discrimination in the US?

Answer: The Civil Rights Movement. 1950s-60s movement that challenged Jim Crow laws and racial inequality.

Flashcard 37: Which Supreme Court case involved the right to privacy and contraceptive use?

Answer: Griswold v. Connecticut. 1965 case establishing privacy right in marital contraceptive decisions.

Flashcard 38: Identify the act that prohibits discrimination in the sale, rental, and financing of housing.

Answer: The Fair Housing Act. 1968 law expanding civil rights protections to housing sector.

Flashcard 39: Which Supreme Court case involved the right to privacy and contraceptive use?

Answer: Griswold v. Connecticut. 1965 case establishing privacy right in marital contraceptive decisions.

Flashcard 40: Which social movement is associated with the March on Washington in 1963?

Answer: The Civil Rights Movement. Historic demonstration for jobs, freedom, and civil rights legislation.

Flashcard 41: Identify a major social movement associated with the Civil Rights Act of 1964.

Answer: The Civil Rights Movement. Led to landmark legislation outlawing discrimination in public accommodations.

Flashcard 42: Which act aimed to eliminate barriers to voting for African Americans?

Answer: The Voting Rights Act of 1965. Removed discriminatory practices like poll taxes and literacy tests.

Flashcard 43: What was the outcome of the Dred Scott v. Sandford case?

Answer: It ruled that African Americans could not be citizens. 1857 decision later overturned by 14th Amendment citizenship clause.

Flashcard 44: What Supreme Court case established the standard of 'strict scrutiny' for racial classifications?

Answer: Korematsu v. United States. Actually upheld Japanese internment but established strict scrutiny standard.

Flashcard 45: Which constitutional amendment addresses citizenship rights and equal protection?

Answer: The 14th Amendment. Defines citizenship and protects individual rights from state interference.

Flashcard 46: Identify the act that aimed to prevent employment discrimination.

Answer: The Civil Rights Act of 1964. Prohibited workplace discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, origin.

Flashcard 47: What was the significance of the case Regents of the University of California v. Bakke?

Answer: It addressed affirmative action and racial quotas. Allowed race-conscious admissions while rejecting strict racial quotas.

Flashcard 48: What is the primary purpose of the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment?

Answer: To prevent states from denying any person equal protection under the law. Established post-Civil War to ensure states treat all citizens equally under law.

Flashcard 49: What is the main goal of the Black Lives Matter movement?

Answer: To combat systemic racism and violence against Black people. Modern movement addressing police brutality and racial justice issues.

Flashcard 50: Identify the amendment that abolished slavery in the United States.

Answer: The 13th Amendment. First of three Reconstruction amendments ending legal slavery nationwide.

Flashcard 51: What legal doctrine was established by Plessy v. Ferguson?

Answer: 'Separate but equal.'. Allowed segregation provided separate facilities were theoretically equal in quality.

Flashcard 52: Which constitutional amendment addresses citizenship rights and equal protection?

Answer: The 14th Amendment. Defines citizenship and protects individual rights from state interference.

Flashcard 53: What Supreme Court case established the standard of 'strict scrutiny' for racial classifications?

Answer: Korematsu v. United States. Actually upheld Japanese internment but established strict scrutiny standard.

Flashcard 54: Identify the amendment that extended voting rights to all citizens 18 years and older.

Answer: The 26th Amendment. Lowered voting age from 21 during Vietnam War era.

Flashcard 55: Identify the act that aimed to prevent employment discrimination.

Answer: The Civil Rights Act of 1964. Prohibited workplace discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, origin.

Flashcard 56: Which Supreme Court case ruled that school segregation is unconstitutional?

Answer: Brown v. Board of Education. Unanimously overturned Plessy's 'separate but equal' doctrine in education.

Flashcard 57: What is the main focus of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)?

Answer: To prohibit discrimination against individuals with disabilities. 1990 law ensuring equal access and reasonable accommodations for disabled individuals.

Flashcard 58: Identify the amendment that extended voting rights to all citizens 18 years and older.

Answer: The 26th Amendment. Lowered voting age from 21 during Vietnam War era.

Flashcard 59: What is the primary focus of the LGBTQ+ Rights Movement?

Answer: To achieve equality and rights for LGBTQ+ individuals. Fights discrimination and seeks full legal recognition and protection.

Flashcard 60: Identify the social movement that led to the passage of the Fair Housing Act.

Answer: The Civil Rights Movement. 1968 act prohibiting housing discrimination based on race and other factors.

Flashcard 61: Identify a major social movement associated with the Civil Rights Act of 1964.

Answer: The Civil Rights Movement. Led to landmark legislation outlawing discrimination in public accommodations.

Flashcard 62: What is the primary focus of the LGBTQ+ Rights Movement?

Answer: To achieve equality and rights for LGBTQ+ individuals. Fights discrimination and seeks full legal recognition and protection.

Flashcard 63: Which amendment addresses due process and equal protection?

Answer: The 14th Amendment. Protects citizens from unfair state actions and ensures equal treatment.

Flashcard 64: Identify the social movement that led to the passage of the Fair Housing Act.

Answer: The Civil Rights Movement. 1968 act prohibiting housing discrimination based on race and other factors.

Flashcard 65: What was the significance of the case Regents of the University of California v. Bakke?

Answer: It addressed affirmative action and racial quotas. Allowed race-conscious admissions while rejecting strict racial quotas.

Flashcard 66: Identify the social movement that focuses on rights for people with disabilities.

Answer: The Disability Rights Movement. Advocates for accessibility, inclusion, and equal treatment of disabled persons.

Flashcard 67: Which landmark decision legalized abortion in the United States?

Answer: Roe v. Wade. 1973 decision establishing constitutional right to abortion access.

Flashcard 68: Identify the social movement that focuses on rights for people with disabilities.

Answer: The Disability Rights Movement. Advocates for accessibility, inclusion, and equal treatment of disabled persons.

Flashcard 69: Identify the amendment that abolished slavery in the United States.

Answer: The 13th Amendment. First of three Reconstruction amendments ending legal slavery nationwide.

Flashcard 70: What is the main goal of the Women's Rights Movement?

Answer: To achieve gender equality and women's rights. Seeks equal opportunities, pay, and treatment in all aspects of society.

Flashcard 71: Which amendment granted women the right to vote in the United States?

Answer: The 19th Amendment. Ratified in 1920 after decades of suffrage movement advocacy.

Flashcard 72: Which Supreme Court decision overturned 'separate but equal' in public education?

Answer: Brown v. Board of Education. 1954 landmark decision declaring segregated schools inherently unequal.

Flashcard 73: Which landmark decision legalized abortion in the United States?

Answer: Roe v. Wade. 1973 decision establishing constitutional right to abortion access.

Flashcard 74: Which Supreme Court case established the 'separate but equal' doctrine?

Answer: Plessy v. Ferguson. 1896 ruling that allowed racial segregation if facilities were theoretically equal.