All flashcards
Flashcard 1: Which event is often seen as accelerating globalization in the late 20th century?
Answer: The fall of the Berlin Wall. This event symbolized the end of the Cold War and opened Eastern Europe to global markets.
Flashcard 2: Which event is often seen as accelerating globalization in the late 20th century?
Answer: The fall of the Berlin Wall. This event symbolized the end of the Cold War and opened Eastern Europe to global markets.
Flashcard 3: What did the Congress of Vienna (1815) aim to restore that shaped European global power?
Answer: Balance of power and conservative order after the Napoleonic Wars. Redrew Europe's map to prevent future revolutionary wars.
Flashcard 4: What was the Berlin Conference (1884ā1885)?
Answer: European meeting that set rules for African colonization and partition. No Africans invited; divided continent among European powers.
Flashcard 5: What is the demographic effect of Old World diseases in the Americas after 1492?
Answer: Catastrophic Indigenous population decline due to epidemic disease. Smallpox and other diseases killed 90% in some areas.
Flashcard 6: What is the plantation system in the Atlantic world?
Answer: Large export-oriented estates using coerced labor, especially enslaved labor. Sugar and cotton plantations drove Atlantic slave trade.
Flashcard 7: Which European innovation most improved long-distance navigation in the 1400s?
Answer: Caravel (with lateen sails and improved maneuverability). Portuguese design allowed sailing against wind and in shallow waters.
Flashcard 8: What is the Columbian Exchange?
Answer: Post-1492 transfer of goods, peoples, diseases, and crops across the Atlantic. Transformed both hemispheres through biological and cultural exchange.
Flashcard 9: What is globalization in AP European History terms?
Answer: Increasing worldwide integration of economies, cultures, and politics. Process accelerated by trade, technology, and cultural exchange.
Flashcard 10: Which option best describes a core feature of late-1900s globalization in Europe: A) autarky B) decolonization C) protectionism D) expanded trade blocs?
Answer: D) Expanded trade blocs. EU and similar organizations reduced trade barriers.
Flashcard 11: Which English/British chartered company became central in India?
Answer: British East India Company (EIC). Evolved from trading company to territorial ruler of India.
Flashcard 12: Which Dutch chartered company dominated Asian trade in the 1600s?
Answer: Dutch East India Company (VOC). World's first multinational corporation, controlled spice trade.
Flashcard 13: What is a chartered company in early modern European expansion?
Answer: State-backed corporation granted monopoly trading rights in a region. Combined private capital with state authority for colonial trade.
Flashcard 14: What was the Middle Passage?
Answer: Transatlantic voyage transporting enslaved Africans to the Americas. Horrific conditions killed millions during forced ocean crossing.
Flashcard 15: Identify the policy: high tariffs and navigation laws to protect national trade.
Answer: Mercantilism. Classic mercantilist tools to control colonial trade.
Flashcard 16: What was the triangular trade in the Atlantic world?
Answer: Trade linking Europe, Africa, and the Americas, including enslaved labor. Ships carried goods, enslaved people, and raw materials in a cycle.
Flashcard 17: What was the main goal of mercantilism for a state?
Answer: Accumulate bullion by maintaining a favorable balance of trade. Exports must exceed imports to increase national wealth.
Flashcard 18: What was the primary European economic doctrine of the 1500sā1700s tied to empire?
Answer: Mercantilism. State-controlled trade to maximize gold/silver reserves.
Flashcard 19: What is the term for racial mixing and cultural blending in colonial societies?
Answer: Mestizaje (racial and cultural mixing). Created new ethnic identities and hybrid cultures in colonies.
Flashcard 20: What was the Enlightenment-era critique of colonial slavery called?
Answer: Abolitionism (anti-slavery movement). Enlightenment ideals challenged slavery's moral legitimacy.
Flashcard 21: What is imperialism in the 1800s European context?
Answer: Domination of other regions through political control and economic exploitation. Industrial powers sought raw materials and markets globally.
Flashcard 22: What is globalization in AP European History (as a historical process)?
Answer: Increasing worldwide integration of economies, politics, cultures, and migration. Encompasses economic, political, and cultural interconnectedness.
Flashcard 23: What is the Columbian Exchange?
Answer: Post-1492 transfer of people, crops, animals, and diseases across the Atlantic. Transformed both hemispheres through biological and cultural exchange.
Flashcard 24: What is the single most important European maritime innovation enabling Atlantic expansion?
Answer: The caravel (ocean-going sailing ship suited to long voyages). Its lateen sails and sturdy design enabled oceanic exploration.
Flashcard 25: What was mercantilism as an early modern economic policy?
Answer: State-directed trade to maximize bullion and maintain a favorable balance of trade. Aimed to accumulate gold/silver and export more than import.
Flashcard 26: What was the triangular trade (as a common Atlantic trading pattern)?
Answer: Europe manufactured goods ā Africa enslaved people ā Americas raw materials. Connected three continents in a profitable but brutal system.
Flashcard 27: What was the Middle Passage?
Answer: The transatlantic voyage transporting enslaved Africans to the Americas. Horrific conditions killed millions during forced ocean crossing.
Flashcard 28: What were joint-stock companies in early modern European expansion?
Answer: Investor-owned firms that pooled capital and shared risk for overseas trade. Enabled large-scale ventures by spreading financial risk.
Flashcard 29: What was the Dutch East India Company (VOC) primarily designed to do?
Answer: Control and profit from Asian maritime trade, especially spices and textiles. Monopolized Dutch trade in Asia for massive profits.
Flashcard 30: What is the key difference between a colony and a protectorate?
Answer: Colony: direct rule; protectorate: local rulers retained under imperial control. Colonies had foreign administration; protectorates kept puppet rulers.