All flashcards
Flashcard 1: Who was the 'Sun King' of France?
Answer: Louis XIV. Epitome of absolute monarchy in 17th-century Europe.
Flashcard 2: What document limits the power of government in the Netherlands?
Answer: The Union of Utrecht. Created Dutch confederation with limited central authority.
Flashcard 3: Which absolute monarch built the Palace of Versailles?
Answer: Louis XIV. Created symbol of absolute royal power and authority.
Flashcard 4: What was the primary legislative body in France under Louis XIV?
Answer: The Estates-General. Representative assembly that Louis XIV rarely convened.
Flashcard 5: What did the Edict of Nantes grant before its revocation?
Answer: Religious freedom to Huguenots. Protestant rights revoked by Louis XIV in 1685.
Flashcard 6: Which political thinker argued for a 'social contract'?
Answer: John Locke. Theorized government by consent of the governed.
Flashcard 7: What did the Petition of Right (1628) demand from the monarchy?
Answer: No taxation without Parliament's consent. Required parliamentary approval for royal taxation.
Flashcard 8: What was a major consequence of the Treaty of Westphalia?
Answer: Recognition of state sovereignty. Established principle of non-interference in domestic affairs.
Flashcard 9: Which monarch's reign is known as the 'Restoration' in England?
Answer: Charles II. Returned monarchy after Cromwell's commonwealth period.
Flashcard 10: Identify one principle of the English Bill of Rights.
Answer: Prohibition of cruel and unusual punishment. Protected individual rights against government abuse.
Flashcard 11: What sparked the English Civil War?
Answer: Conflict between the monarchy and Parliament. Struggle between royal authority and parliamentary power.
Flashcard 12: What was the purpose of the Palace of Versailles?
Answer: To display the power and grandeur of the French monarchy. Symbol of absolute royal power and centralized authority.
Flashcard 13: What event signaled the rise of parliamentary power in England?
Answer: The Glorious Revolution. Bloodless coup establishing parliamentary supremacy over monarchy.
Flashcard 14: Which philosopher advocated for separation of powers?
Answer: Montesquieu. Promoted checks and balances in government structure.
Flashcard 15: What is one key feature of a constitutional monarchy?
Answer: Monarch acts as head of state within legal limits. Ceremonial ruler bound by constitutional constraints.
Flashcard 16: Who was the first monarch after the English Restoration?
Answer: Charles II. Restored monarchy after republican Interregnum ended.
Flashcard 17: Name the English document that limited the power of the monarchy in 1689.
Answer: The Bill of Rights. Established constitutional monarchy after Glorious Revolution.
Flashcard 18: Which monarch is a prominent example of absolutism in France?
Answer: Louis XIV. Known as the 'Sun King' who ruled France absolutely.
Flashcard 19: Identify a key characteristic of constitutionalism.
Answer: Limited government power by law or a constitution. Rules and laws restrict government authority.
Flashcard 20: What is absolutism in the context of European history?
Answer: A system where the monarch holds total power over the state. Monarch has unchecked authority over all state affairs.
Flashcard 21: What was the significance of the Habeas Corpus Act of 1679?
Answer: Ensured legal protection against unlawful imprisonment. Protected citizens from arbitrary detention by authorities.
Flashcard 22: Which form of government did Thomas Hobbes support?
Answer: Absolute monarchy. Believed strong monarchy necessary to prevent chaos.
Flashcard 23: What was a key cause of the English Civil War?
Answer: Disputes over authority between King and Parliament. Constitutional crisis over taxation and religious policies.
Flashcard 24: What was Oliver Cromwell's title during his rule?
Answer: Lord Protector. Military dictator during England's republican period.
Flashcard 25: Which document formally ended the rule of absolute monarchy in England?
Answer: The Bill of Rights (1689). Codified constitutional monarchy and parliamentary supremacy.
Flashcard 26: What event marked the beginning of the English Commonwealth?
Answer: Execution of Charles I. Ended monarchy and established republican government.
Flashcard 27: Who were the main opponents in the English Civil War?
Answer: Royalists vs. Parliamentarians. King's supporters versus Parliament's constitutional forces.
Flashcard 28: What was the name of the assembly called by Charles I in 1640?
Answer: The Long Parliament. Sat continuously challenging Charles I's authority.
Flashcard 29: Identify a significant effect of the Glorious Revolution.
Answer: Established a constitutional monarchy in England. Limited royal power through parliamentary supremacy.
Flashcard 30: What principle did the Peace of Westphalia establish?
Answer: The principle of national sovereignty. States control internal affairs without external interference.