All flashcards
Flashcard 1: How does Total Fertility Rate impact resource use?
Answer: Higher TFR can lead to increased resource demand. More children require more food, water, and energy resources.
Flashcard 2: What is the primary purpose of calculating Total Fertility Rate?
Answer: To estimate population growth potential. TFR helps predict future population size and structure changes.
Flashcard 3: How is Total Fertility Rate related to economic development?
Answer: TFR tends to decrease as economic development increases. Wealthier societies invest more in education and family planning.
Flashcard 4: Which region typically has the highest Total Fertility Rate?
Answer: Sub-Saharan Africa. Region has limited access to family planning and education.
Flashcard 5: Which educational factor can lower Total Fertility Rate?
Answer: Higher levels of female education. Educated women delay marriage and pursue careers before childbearing.
Flashcard 6: What demographic factor can influence Total Fertility Rate?
Answer: Age structure of the population. Younger populations tend to have higher fertility rates.
Flashcard 7: How does Total Fertility Rate impact resource use?
Answer: Higher TFR can lead to increased resource demand. More children require more food, water, and energy resources.
Flashcard 8: Find the TFR if there are 1500 births per 750 women.
Answer: TFR = 2.0. Basic calculation: 1500 ÷ 750 = 2.0 children per woman.
Flashcard 9: Identify a health factor influencing Total Fertility Rate.
Answer: Access to maternal healthcare. Better healthcare reduces need for large families as insurance.
Flashcard 10: What role does family planning play in Total Fertility Rate?
Answer: Family planning can lower TFR by reducing unintended pregnancies. Access to contraception allows couples to control family size.
Flashcard 11: How does improved child survival impact Total Fertility Rate?
Answer: It tends to decrease TFR. Parents need fewer children when child mortality is low.
Flashcard 12: What is the replacement level fertility rate in most countries?
Answer: Approximately 2.1 children per woman. Accounts for mortality and maintains stable population size.
Flashcard 13: How does Total Fertility Rate differ from Crude Birth Rate?
Answer: TFR is average children per woman; Crude Birth Rate is births per 1000 people. TFR focuses on women's fertility, CBR includes entire population.
Flashcard 14: What is the significance of a Total Fertility Rate of 2.1?
Answer: It is the replacement level fertility for most populations. This rate maintains stable population without growth or decline.
Flashcard 15: Which social factor can affect Total Fertility Rate?
Answer: Cultural norms regarding family size. Social expectations and traditions shape family size decisions.
Flashcard 16: What is the current global average Total Fertility Rate?
Answer: Approximately 2.4 children per woman. Global rate has declined from over 5 in the 1960s.
Flashcard 17: What type of economic incentive can reduce Total Fertility Rate?
Answer: Tax benefits for smaller families. Financial rewards encourage families to have fewer children.
Flashcard 18: State the impact of government policies on Total Fertility Rate.
Answer: Policies can either increase or decrease TFR. Pro-natalist policies raise TFR; anti-natalist policies lower it.
Flashcard 19: What is the effect of high infant mortality on Total Fertility Rate?
Answer: It can increase TFR as families have more children to compensate. Parents have more children expecting some won't survive to adulthood.
Flashcard 20: Identify a technological factor affecting Total Fertility Rate.
Answer: Access to contraception. Birth control methods allow couples to plan and limit births.
Flashcard 21: Identify a factor that can decrease Total Fertility Rate.
Answer: Increased access to education for women. Education empowers women to delay childbearing and plan families.
Flashcard 22: Calculate the TFR given 1000 births and 500 women.
Answer: TFR = 2.0. Simple division: 1000 births ÷ 500 women = 2.0 children per woman.
Flashcard 23: What is the relationship between TFR and life expectancy?
Answer: Higher life expectancy often correlates with lower TFR. Developed societies with longer lifespans have smaller families.
Flashcard 24: What is a direct consequence of high Total Fertility Rate?
Answer: Increased demand for educational resources. More children require schools, teachers, and educational infrastructure.
Flashcard 25: What is a social implication of low Total Fertility Rate?
Answer: Aging population. Fewer young people must support larger elderly populations.
Flashcard 26: Calculate the TFR for 900 births among 450 women.
Answer: TFR = 2.0. Direct calculation: 900 births ÷ 450 women = 2.0.
Flashcard 27: What impact does female employment have on Total Fertility Rate?
Answer: Increased female employment tends to lower TFR. Working women often delay or limit childbearing for careers.
Flashcard 28: How might cultural preferences for larger families affect TFR?
Answer: They can lead to a higher TFR. Cultural values favoring large families increase birth rates.
Flashcard 29: What demographic trend is associated with declining TFR?
Answer: Population aging. Low birth rates create older average population ages.
Flashcard 30: What is a potential environmental impact of high TFR?
Answer: Increased environmental degradation. More people consume more resources and produce more pollution.